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loki/docs/operations/storage/README.md

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Documentation Rewrite (#982) * docs: create structure of docs overhaul This commit removes all old docs and lays out the table of contents and framework for how the new documentation will be intended to be read. * docs: add design docs back in * docs: add community documentation * docs: add LogQL docs * docs: port existing operations documentation * docs: add new placeholder file for promtail configuration docs * docs: add TOC for operations/storage * docs: add Loki API documentation * docs: port troubleshooting document * docs: add docker-driver documentation * docs: link to configuration from main docker-driver document * docs: update API for new paths * docs: fix broken links in api.md and remove json marker from examples * docs: incorporate api changes from #1009 * docs: port promtail documentation * docs: add TOC to promtail configuration reference * docs: fix promtail spelling errors * docs: add loki configuration reference * docs: add TOC to configuration * docs: add loki configuration example * docs: add Loki overview with brief explanation about each component * docs: add comparisons document * docs: add info on table manager and update storage/README.md * docs: add getting started * docs: incorporate config yaml changes from #755 * docs: fix typo in releases url for promtail * docs: add installation instructions * docs: add more configuration examples * docs: add information on fluentd client fluent-bit has been temporarily removed until the PR for it is merged. * docs: PR review feedback * docs: add architecture document * docs: add missing information from old docs * `localy` typo Co-Authored-By: Ed Welch <ed@oqqer.com> * docs: s/ran/run/g * Typo * Typo * Tyop * Typo * docs: fixed typo * docs: PR feedback * docs: @cyriltovena PR feedback * docs: add more details to promtail url config option * docs: expand promtail's pipelines document with extra detail * docs: remove reference to Stage interface in pipelines.md * docs: fixed some spelling * docs: clarify promtail configuration and scraping * docs: attempt #2 at explaining promtail's usage of machine hostname * docs: spelling fixes * docs: add reference to promtail custom metrics and fix silly typo * docs: cognizant -> aware * docs: typo * docs: typos * docs: add which components expose which API endpoints in microservices mode * docs: change ksonnet installation to tanka * docs: address most @pracucci feedback * docs: fix all spelling errors so reviewers don't have to keep finding them :) * docs: incorporate changes to API endpoints made in #1022 * docs: add missing loki metrics * docs: add missing promtail metrics * docs: @pstribrany feedback * docs: more @pracucci feedback * docs: move metrics into a table * docs: update push path references to /loki/api/v1/push * docs: add detail to further explain limitations of monolithic mode * docs: add alternative names to modes_of_operation diagram * docs: add log ordering requirement * docs: add procedure for updating docs with latest version * docs: separate out stages documentation into one document per stage * docs: list supported stores in storage documentation * docs: add info on duplicate log lines in pipelines * docs: add line_format as key feature to fluentd * docs: hopefully final commit :)
6 years ago
# Loki Storage
Loki needs to store two different types of data: **chunks** and **indexes**.
Loki receives logs in separate streams, where each stream is uniquely identified
by its tenant ID and its set of labels. As log entries from a stream arrive,
they are GZipped as "chunks" and saved in the chunks store. See [chunk
format](#chunk-format) for how chunks are stored internally.
The **index** stores each stream's label set and links them to the individual
chunks.
Refer to Loki's [configuration](../../configuration/README.md) for details on
how to configure the storage and the index.
For more information:
1. [Table Manager](table-manager.md)
2. [Retention](retention.md)
## Supported Stores
The following are supported for the index:
* [Amazon DynamoDB](https://aws.amazon.com/dynamodb)
* [Google Bigtable](https://cloud.google.com/bigtable)
* [Apache Cassandra](https://cassandra.apache.org)
* [BoltDB](https://github.com/boltdb/bolt) (doesn't work when clustering Loki)
The following are supported for the chunks:
* [Amazon DynamoDB](https://aws.amazon.com/dynamodb)
* [Google Bigtable](https://cloud.google.com/bigtable)
* [Apache Cassandra](https://cassandra.apache.org)
* [Amazon S3](https://aws.amazon.com/s3)
* [Google Cloud Storage](https://cloud.google.com/storage/)
* Filesystem (doesn't work when clustering Loki)
## Cloud Storage Permissions
### S3
When using S3 as object storage, the following permissions are needed:
* `s3:ListBucket`
* `s3:PutObject`
* `s3:GetObject`
adding iam access for autoscaling configuration (#1262)
6 years ago
Resources: `arn:aws:s3:::<bucket_name>`, `arn:aws:s3:::<bucket_name>/*`
Documentation Rewrite (#982) * docs: create structure of docs overhaul This commit removes all old docs and lays out the table of contents and framework for how the new documentation will be intended to be read. * docs: add design docs back in * docs: add community documentation * docs: add LogQL docs * docs: port existing operations documentation * docs: add new placeholder file for promtail configuration docs * docs: add TOC for operations/storage * docs: add Loki API documentation * docs: port troubleshooting document * docs: add docker-driver documentation * docs: link to configuration from main docker-driver document * docs: update API for new paths * docs: fix broken links in api.md and remove json marker from examples * docs: incorporate api changes from #1009 * docs: port promtail documentation * docs: add TOC to promtail configuration reference * docs: fix promtail spelling errors * docs: add loki configuration reference * docs: add TOC to configuration * docs: add loki configuration example * docs: add Loki overview with brief explanation about each component * docs: add comparisons document * docs: add info on table manager and update storage/README.md * docs: add getting started * docs: incorporate config yaml changes from #755 * docs: fix typo in releases url for promtail * docs: add installation instructions * docs: add more configuration examples * docs: add information on fluentd client fluent-bit has been temporarily removed until the PR for it is merged. * docs: PR review feedback * docs: add architecture document * docs: add missing information from old docs * `localy` typo Co-Authored-By: Ed Welch <ed@oqqer.com> * docs: s/ran/run/g * Typo * Typo * Tyop * Typo * docs: fixed typo * docs: PR feedback * docs: @cyriltovena PR feedback * docs: add more details to promtail url config option * docs: expand promtail's pipelines document with extra detail * docs: remove reference to Stage interface in pipelines.md * docs: fixed some spelling * docs: clarify promtail configuration and scraping * docs: attempt #2 at explaining promtail's usage of machine hostname * docs: spelling fixes * docs: add reference to promtail custom metrics and fix silly typo * docs: cognizant -> aware * docs: typo * docs: typos * docs: add which components expose which API endpoints in microservices mode * docs: change ksonnet installation to tanka * docs: address most @pracucci feedback * docs: fix all spelling errors so reviewers don't have to keep finding them :) * docs: incorporate changes to API endpoints made in #1022 * docs: add missing loki metrics * docs: add missing promtail metrics * docs: @pstribrany feedback * docs: more @pracucci feedback * docs: move metrics into a table * docs: update push path references to /loki/api/v1/push * docs: add detail to further explain limitations of monolithic mode * docs: add alternative names to modes_of_operation diagram * docs: add log ordering requirement * docs: add procedure for updating docs with latest version * docs: separate out stages documentation into one document per stage * docs: list supported stores in storage documentation * docs: add info on duplicate log lines in pipelines * docs: add line_format as key feature to fluentd * docs: hopefully final commit :)
6 years ago
### DynamoDB
When using DynamoDB for the index, the following permissions are needed:
* `dynamodb:BatchGetItem`
* `dynamodb:BatchWriteItem`
* `dynamodb:DeleteItem`
* `dynamodb:DescribeTable`
* `dynamodb:GetItem`
* `dynamodb:ListTagsOfResource`
* `dynamodb:PutItem`
* `dynamodb:Query`
* `dynamodb:TagResource`
* `dynamodb:UntagResource`
* `dynamodb:UpdateItem`
* `dynamodb:UpdateTable`
<documentation>: Update IAM requirement (#1466) * update iam requirement * move ListTables in correct section
5 years ago
* `dynamodb:CreateTable`
* `dynamodb:DeleteTable` (if `table_manager.retention_period` is more than 0s)
Documentation Rewrite (#982) * docs: create structure of docs overhaul This commit removes all old docs and lays out the table of contents and framework for how the new documentation will be intended to be read. * docs: add design docs back in * docs: add community documentation * docs: add LogQL docs * docs: port existing operations documentation * docs: add new placeholder file for promtail configuration docs * docs: add TOC for operations/storage * docs: add Loki API documentation * docs: port troubleshooting document * docs: add docker-driver documentation * docs: link to configuration from main docker-driver document * docs: update API for new paths * docs: fix broken links in api.md and remove json marker from examples * docs: incorporate api changes from #1009 * docs: port promtail documentation * docs: add TOC to promtail configuration reference * docs: fix promtail spelling errors * docs: add loki configuration reference * docs: add TOC to configuration * docs: add loki configuration example * docs: add Loki overview with brief explanation about each component * docs: add comparisons document * docs: add info on table manager and update storage/README.md * docs: add getting started * docs: incorporate config yaml changes from #755 * docs: fix typo in releases url for promtail * docs: add installation instructions * docs: add more configuration examples * docs: add information on fluentd client fluent-bit has been temporarily removed until the PR for it is merged. * docs: PR review feedback * docs: add architecture document * docs: add missing information from old docs * `localy` typo Co-Authored-By: Ed Welch <ed@oqqer.com> * docs: s/ran/run/g * Typo * Typo * Tyop * Typo * docs: fixed typo * docs: PR feedback * docs: @cyriltovena PR feedback * docs: add more details to promtail url config option * docs: expand promtail's pipelines document with extra detail * docs: remove reference to Stage interface in pipelines.md * docs: fixed some spelling * docs: clarify promtail configuration and scraping * docs: attempt #2 at explaining promtail's usage of machine hostname * docs: spelling fixes * docs: add reference to promtail custom metrics and fix silly typo * docs: cognizant -> aware * docs: typo * docs: typos * docs: add which components expose which API endpoints in microservices mode * docs: change ksonnet installation to tanka * docs: address most @pracucci feedback * docs: fix all spelling errors so reviewers don't have to keep finding them :) * docs: incorporate changes to API endpoints made in #1022 * docs: add missing loki metrics * docs: add missing promtail metrics * docs: @pstribrany feedback * docs: more @pracucci feedback * docs: move metrics into a table * docs: update push path references to /loki/api/v1/push * docs: add detail to further explain limitations of monolithic mode * docs: add alternative names to modes_of_operation diagram * docs: add log ordering requirement * docs: add procedure for updating docs with latest version * docs: separate out stages documentation into one document per stage * docs: list supported stores in storage documentation * docs: add info on duplicate log lines in pipelines * docs: add line_format as key feature to fluentd * docs: hopefully final commit :)
6 years ago
adding iam access for autoscaling configuration (#1262)
6 years ago
Resources: `arn:aws:dynamodb:<aws_region>:<aws_account_id>:table/<prefix>*`
<documentation>: Update IAM requirement (#1466) * update iam requirement * move ListTables in correct section
5 years ago
* `dynamodb:ListTables`
adding iam access for autoscaling configuration (#1262)
6 years ago
<documentation>: Update IAM requirement (#1466) * update iam requirement * move ListTables in correct section
5 years ago
Resources: `*`
adding iam access for autoscaling configuration (#1262)
6 years ago
<documentation>: Update IAM requirement (#1466) * update iam requirement * move ListTables in correct section
5 years ago
#### AutoScaling
adding iam access for autoscaling configuration (#1262)
6 years ago
<documentation>: Update IAM requirement (#1466) * update iam requirement * move ListTables in correct section
5 years ago
If you enable autoscaling from table manager, the following permissions are needed:
adding iam access for autoscaling configuration (#1262)
6 years ago
##### Application Autoscaling
* `application-autoscaling:DescribeScalableTargets`
* `application-autoscaling:DescribeScalingPolicies`
* `application-autoscaling:RegisterScalableTarget`
documentation: iam requirement for autoscaling (#1350)
6 years ago
* `application-autoscaling:DeregisterScalableTarget`
adding iam access for autoscaling configuration (#1262)
6 years ago
* `application-autoscaling:PutScalingPolicy`
documentation: iam requirement for autoscaling (#1350)
6 years ago
* `application-autoscaling:DeleteScalingPolicy`
adding iam access for autoscaling configuration (#1262)
6 years ago
Resources: `*`
##### IAM
* `iam:GetRole`
* `iam:PassRole`
Resources: `arn:aws:iam::<aws_account_id>:role/<role_name>`
Documentation Rewrite (#982) * docs: create structure of docs overhaul This commit removes all old docs and lays out the table of contents and framework for how the new documentation will be intended to be read. * docs: add design docs back in * docs: add community documentation * docs: add LogQL docs * docs: port existing operations documentation * docs: add new placeholder file for promtail configuration docs * docs: add TOC for operations/storage * docs: add Loki API documentation * docs: port troubleshooting document * docs: add docker-driver documentation * docs: link to configuration from main docker-driver document * docs: update API for new paths * docs: fix broken links in api.md and remove json marker from examples * docs: incorporate api changes from #1009 * docs: port promtail documentation * docs: add TOC to promtail configuration reference * docs: fix promtail spelling errors * docs: add loki configuration reference * docs: add TOC to configuration * docs: add loki configuration example * docs: add Loki overview with brief explanation about each component * docs: add comparisons document * docs: add info on table manager and update storage/README.md * docs: add getting started * docs: incorporate config yaml changes from #755 * docs: fix typo in releases url for promtail * docs: add installation instructions * docs: add more configuration examples * docs: add information on fluentd client fluent-bit has been temporarily removed until the PR for it is merged. * docs: PR review feedback * docs: add architecture document * docs: add missing information from old docs * `localy` typo Co-Authored-By: Ed Welch <ed@oqqer.com> * docs: s/ran/run/g * Typo * Typo * Tyop * Typo * docs: fixed typo * docs: PR feedback * docs: @cyriltovena PR feedback * docs: add more details to promtail url config option * docs: expand promtail's pipelines document with extra detail * docs: remove reference to Stage interface in pipelines.md * docs: fixed some spelling * docs: clarify promtail configuration and scraping * docs: attempt #2 at explaining promtail's usage of machine hostname * docs: spelling fixes * docs: add reference to promtail custom metrics and fix silly typo * docs: cognizant -> aware * docs: typo * docs: typos * docs: add which components expose which API endpoints in microservices mode * docs: change ksonnet installation to tanka * docs: address most @pracucci feedback * docs: fix all spelling errors so reviewers don't have to keep finding them :) * docs: incorporate changes to API endpoints made in #1022 * docs: add missing loki metrics * docs: add missing promtail metrics * docs: @pstribrany feedback * docs: more @pracucci feedback * docs: move metrics into a table * docs: update push path references to /loki/api/v1/push * docs: add detail to further explain limitations of monolithic mode * docs: add alternative names to modes_of_operation diagram * docs: add log ordering requirement * docs: add procedure for updating docs with latest version * docs: separate out stages documentation into one document per stage * docs: list supported stores in storage documentation * docs: add info on duplicate log lines in pipelines * docs: add line_format as key feature to fluentd * docs: hopefully final commit :)
6 years ago
## Chunk Format
```
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| | |
| MagicNumber(4b) | version(1b) |
| | |
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| block-1 bytes | checksum (4b) |
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| block-2 bytes | checksum (4b) |
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| block-n bytes | checksum (4b) |
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| #blocks (uvarint) |
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| #entries(uvarint) | mint, maxt (varint) | offset, len (uvarint) |
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| #entries(uvarint) | mint, maxt (varint) | offset, len (uvarint) |
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| #entries(uvarint) | mint, maxt (varint) | offset, len (uvarint) |
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| #entries(uvarint) | mint, maxt (varint) | offset, len (uvarint) |
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| checksum(from #blocks) |
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| metasOffset - offset to the point with #blocks |
-------------------------------------------------------------------
```