loki/pkg/storage/chunk/schema_util.go

package chunk

import (
	"crypto/sha256"
	"encoding/base64"
	"encoding/binary"
	"encoding/hex"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"sync"

	"github.com/pkg/errors"
	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/labels"
)

// Backwards-compatible with model.Metric.String()
func labelsString(ls labels.Labels) string {
	metricName := ls.Get(labels.MetricName)
	if metricName != "" && len(ls) == 1 {
		return metricName
	}
	var b strings.Builder
	b.Grow(1000)

	b.WriteString(metricName)
	b.WriteByte('{')
	i := 0
	for _, l := range ls {
		if l.Name == labels.MetricName {
			continue
		}
		if i > 0 {
			b.WriteByte(',')
			b.WriteByte(' ')
		}
		b.WriteString(l.Name)
		b.WriteByte('=')
		var buf [1000]byte
		b.Write(strconv.AppendQuote(buf[:0], l.Value))
		i++
	}
	b.WriteByte('}')

	return b.String()
}

func labelsSeriesID(ls labels.Labels) []byte {
	h := sha256.Sum256([]byte(labelsString(ls)))
	return encodeBase64Bytes(h[:])
}

func sha256bytes(s string) []byte {
	h := sha256.Sum256([]byte(s))
	return encodeBase64Bytes(h[:])
}

// Build an index key, encoded as multiple parts separated by a 0 byte, with extra space at the end.
func buildRangeValue(extra int, ss ...[]byte) []byte {
	length := extra
	for _, s := range ss {
		length += len(s) + 1
	}
	output, i := make([]byte, length), 0
	for _, s := range ss {
		i += copy(output[i:], s) + 1
	}
	return output
}

// Encode a complete key including type marker (which goes at the end)
func encodeRangeKey(keyType byte, ss ...[]byte) []byte {
	output := buildRangeValue(2, ss...)
	output[len(output)-2] = keyType
	return output
}

// Prefix values are used in querying the database, e.g. find all the records with a specific label value
func rangeValuePrefix(ss ...[]byte) []byte {
	return buildRangeValue(0, ss...)
}

func decodeRangeKey(value []byte, components [][]byte) [][]byte {
	components = components[:0]
	i, j := 0, 0
	for j < len(value) {
		if value[j] != 0 {
			j++
			continue
		}
		components = append(components, value[i:j])
		j++
		i = j
	}
	return components
}

func encodeBase64Bytes(bytes []byte) []byte {
	encodedLen := base64.RawStdEncoding.EncodedLen(len(bytes))
	encoded := make([]byte, encodedLen)
	base64.RawStdEncoding.Encode(encoded, bytes)
	return encoded
}

func decodeBase64Value(bs []byte) (model.LabelValue, error) {
	decodedLen := base64.RawStdEncoding.DecodedLen(len(bs))
	decoded := make([]byte, decodedLen)
	if _, err := base64.RawStdEncoding.Decode(decoded, bs); err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	return model.LabelValue(decoded), nil
}

func encodeTime(t uint32) []byte {
	// timestamps are hex encoded such that it doesn't contain null byte,
	// but is still lexicographically sortable.
	throughBytes := make([]byte, 4)
	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(throughBytes, t)
	encodedThroughBytes := make([]byte, 8)
	hex.Encode(encodedThroughBytes, throughBytes)
	return encodedThroughBytes
}

// parseMetricNameRangeValue returns the metric name stored in metric name
// range values. Currently checks range value key and returns the value as the
// metric name.
func parseMetricNameRangeValue(rangeValue []byte, value []byte) (model.LabelValue, error) {
	componentRef := componentsPool.Get().(*componentRef)
	defer componentsPool.Put(componentRef)
	components := decodeRangeKey(rangeValue, componentRef.components)

	switch {
	case len(components) < 4:
		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid metric name range value: %x", rangeValue)

	// v1 has the metric name as the value (with the hash as the first component)
	case len(components[3]) == 1 && components[3][0] == metricNameRangeKeyV1:
		return model.LabelValue(value), nil

	default:
		return "", fmt.Errorf("unrecognised metricNameRangeKey version: %q", string(components[3]))
	}
}

// parseSeriesRangeValue returns the model.Metric stored in metric fingerprint
// range values.
func parseSeriesRangeValue(rangeValue []byte, value []byte) (model.Metric, error) {
	componentRef := componentsPool.Get().(*componentRef)
	defer componentsPool.Put(componentRef)
	components := decodeRangeKey(rangeValue, componentRef.components)

	switch {
	case len(components) < 4:
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid metric range value: %x", rangeValue)

	// v1 has the encoded json metric as the value (with the fingerprint as the first component)
	case len(components[3]) == 1 && components[3][0] == seriesRangeKeyV1:
		var series model.Metric
		if err := json.Unmarshal(value, &series); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		return series, nil

	default:
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unrecognised seriesRangeKey version: %q", string(components[3]))
	}
}

type componentRef struct {
	components [][]byte
}

var componentsPool = sync.Pool{
	New: func() interface{} {
		return &componentRef{components: make([][]byte, 0, 5)}
	},
}

// parseChunkTimeRangeValue returns the chunkID (seriesID since v9) and labelValue for chunk time
// range values.
func parseChunkTimeRangeValue(rangeValue []byte, value []byte) (
	chunkID string, labelValue model.LabelValue, err error,
) {
	componentRef := componentsPool.Get().(*componentRef)
	defer componentsPool.Put(componentRef)
	components := decodeRangeKey(rangeValue, componentRef.components)

	switch {
	case len(components) < 3:
		err = errors.Errorf("invalid chunk time range value: %x", rangeValue)
		return

	// v1 & v2 schema had three components - label name, label value and chunk ID.
	// No version number.
	case len(components) == 3:
		chunkID = string(components[2])
		labelValue = model.LabelValue(components[1])
		return

	case len(components[3]) == 1:
		switch components[3][0] {
		// v3 schema had four components - label name, label value, chunk ID and version.
		// "version" is 1 and label value is base64 encoded.
		// (older code wrote "version" as 1, not '1')
		case chunkTimeRangeKeyV1a, chunkTimeRangeKeyV1:
			chunkID = string(components[2])
			labelValue, err = decodeBase64Value(components[1])
			return

		// v4 schema wrote v3 range keys and a new range key - version 2,
		// with four components - <empty>, <empty>, chunk ID and version.
		case chunkTimeRangeKeyV2:
			chunkID = string(components[2])
			return

		// v5 schema version 3 range key is chunk end time, <empty>, chunk ID, version
		case chunkTimeRangeKeyV3:
			chunkID = string(components[2])
			return

		// v5 schema version 4 range key is chunk end time, label value, chunk ID, version
		case chunkTimeRangeKeyV4:
			chunkID = string(components[2])
			labelValue, err = decodeBase64Value(components[1])
			return

		// v6 schema added version 5 range keys, which have the label value written in
		// to the value, not the range key. So they are [chunk end time, <empty>, chunk ID, version].
		case chunkTimeRangeKeyV5:
			chunkID = string(components[2])
			labelValue = model.LabelValue(value)
			return

		// v9 schema actually return series IDs
		case seriesRangeKeyV1:
			chunkID = string(components[0])
			return

		case labelSeriesRangeKeyV1:
			chunkID = string(components[1])
			labelValue = model.LabelValue(value)
			return
		}
	}
	err = fmt.Errorf("unrecognised chunkTimeRangeKey version: %q", string(components[3]))
	return
}