diff --git a/promql/delta_functions.go b/promql/delta_functions.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..71eb367b94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/promql/delta_functions.go
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+package promql
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/histogram"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/labels"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/promql/parser"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/promql/parser/posrange"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/util/annotations"
+)
+
+func funcDirectDeltaRate(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNodeHelper) (Vector, annotations.Annotations) {
+	return deltaRate(vals, args, enh, true, "direct")
+}
+func funcDirectDeltaIncrease(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNodeHelper) (Vector, annotations.Annotations) {
+	return deltaRate(vals, args, enh, false, "direct")
+}
+
+func funcExtrapolatedDeltaRate(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNodeHelper) (Vector, annotations.Annotations) {
+	return deltaRate(vals, args, enh, true, "extrapolated")
+}
+func funcExtrapolatedDeltaIncrease(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNodeHelper) (Vector, annotations.Annotations) {
+	return deltaRate(vals, args, enh, false, "extrapolated")
+}
+
+func deltaRate(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNodeHelper, isRate bool, impl string) (Vector, annotations.Annotations) {
+	ms := args[0].(*parser.MatrixSelector)
+
+	switch impl {
+	case "direct":
+		res, _ := funcSumOverTime(vals, args, enh)
+		if !isRate {
+			return res, nil
+		}
+		for i, val := range res {
+			if val.H == nil {
+				res[i].F = val.F / ms.Range.Seconds()
+			} else {
+				res[i].H = val.H.Div(ms.Range.Seconds())
+			}
+		}
+		// TODO: annotations
+		return res, nil
+	case "extrapolated":
+		return extrapolatedDeltaRate(vals, args, enh, isRate)
+	}
+
+	panic("unknown method")
+}
+func extrapolatedDeltaRate(vals []parser.Value, args parser.Expressions, enh *EvalNodeHelper, isRate bool) (Vector, annotations.Annotations) {
+	ms := args[0].(*parser.MatrixSelector)
+	vs := ms.VectorSelector.(*parser.VectorSelector)
+	var (
+		samples            = vals[0].(Matrix)[0]
+		rangeStart         = enh.Ts - durationMilliseconds(ms.Range+vs.Offset)
+		rangeEnd           = enh.Ts - durationMilliseconds(vs.Offset)
+		resultFloat        float64
+		resultHistogram    *histogram.FloatHistogram
+		firstT, lastT      int64
+		numSamplesMinusOne int
+		annos              annotations.Annotations
+	)
+	// We need either at least two Histograms and no Floats, or at least two
+	// Floats and no Histograms to calculate a rate. Otherwise, drop this
+	// Vector element.
+	metricName := samples.Metric.Get(labels.MetricName)
+	if len(samples.Histograms) > 0 && len(samples.Floats) > 0 {
+		return enh.Out, annos.Add(annotations.NewMixedFloatsHistogramsWarning(metricName, args[0].PositionRange()))
+	}
+
+	switch {
+	case len(samples.Histograms) > 1:
+		numSamplesMinusOne = len(samples.Histograms) - 1
+		firstT = samples.Histograms[0].T
+		lastT = samples.Histograms[numSamplesMinusOne].T
+		var newAnnos annotations.Annotations
+		resultHistogram, newAnnos = histogramDeltaRate(samples.Histograms, metricName, args[0].PositionRange())
+		annos.Merge(newAnnos)
+		if resultHistogram == nil {
+			// The histograms are not compatible with each other.
+			return enh.Out, annos
+		}
+	case len(samples.Floats) > 1:
+		numSamplesMinusOne = len(samples.Floats) - 1
+		firstT = samples.Floats[0].T
+		lastT = samples.Floats[numSamplesMinusOne].T
+		resultFloat = 0
+		for _, currPoint := range samples.Floats[1:] {
+			resultFloat += currPoint.F
+		}
+	default:
+		// TODO: add RangeTooShortWarning
+		return enh.Out, annos
+	}
+
+	// Duration between first/last samples and boundary of range.
+	durationToStart := float64(firstT-rangeStart) / 1000
+	durationToEnd := float64(rangeEnd-lastT) / 1000
+
+	sampledInterval := float64(lastT-firstT) / 1000
+	averageDurationBetweenSamples := sampledInterval / float64(numSamplesMinusOne)
+
+	// If samples are close enough to the (lower or upper) boundary of the
+	// range, we extrapolate the rate all the way to the boundary in
+	// question. "Close enough" is defined as "up to 10% more than the
+	// average duration between samples within the range", see
+	// extrapolationThreshold below. Essentially, we are assuming a more or
+	// less regular spacing between samples, and if we don't see a sample
+	// where we would expect one, we assume the series does not cover the
+	// whole range, but starts and/or ends within the range.
+
+	extrapolationThreshold := averageDurationBetweenSamples * 1.1
+	extrapolateToInterval := sampledInterval
+
+	// In the cumulative version the start/end in the range is extrapolated by half the average interval
+	// this is from the cumulative extrapolatedRate() func
+	// I don't think this is needed in the delta case - assumption is that delta systems will push all their data
+	// vs the cumulative pull case where the scraper can miss the exact start and end values.
+
+	if durationToStart < extrapolationThreshold {
+		extrapolateToInterval += durationToStart
+	}
+
+	if durationToEnd < extrapolationThreshold {
+		extrapolateToInterval += durationToEnd
+	}
+
+	factor := extrapolateToInterval / sampledInterval
+	if isRate {
+		factor /= ms.Range.Seconds()
+	}
+	if resultHistogram == nil {
+		resultFloat *= factor
+	} else {
+		resultHistogram.Mul(factor)
+	}
+
+	return append(enh.Out, Sample{F: resultFloat, H: resultHistogram}), annos
+}
+
+func histogramDeltaRate(points []HPoint, metricName string, pos posrange.PositionRange) (*histogram.FloatHistogram, annotations.Annotations) {
+	if len(points) < 2 {
+		return nil, nil //TODO: return range too short
+	}
+
+	// TODO: gauge type errors - currently is marked as gauge histogram hint as not to cit spurious chunks
+
+	// ignore first sample
+	sum := points[1].H.Copy()
+	for _, h := range points[2:] {
+		_, err := sum.Add(h.H)
+		if err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, histogram.ErrHistogramsIncompatibleSchema) {
+				return nil, annotations.New().Add(annotations.NewMixedExponentialCustomHistogramsWarning(metricName, pos))
+			} else if errors.Is(err, histogram.ErrHistogramsIncompatibleBounds) {
+				return nil, annotations.New().Add(annotations.NewIncompatibleCustomBucketsHistogramsWarning(metricName, pos))
+			}
+			//TODO: error at this point? histogramRate() just keeps going
+		}
+	}
+
+	sum.CounterResetHint = histogram.GaugeType
+	return sum.Compact(0), nil
+}
diff --git a/promql/functions.go b/promql/functions.go
index 3c79684b0f..f810b8cfd6 100644
--- a/promql/functions.go
+++ b/promql/functions.go
@@ -1900,6 +1900,12 @@ var FunctionCalls = map[string]FunctionCall{
 	"timestamp":                    funcTimestamp,
 	"vector":                       funcVector,
 	"year":                         funcYear,
+
+	// for testing purposes
+	"direct_delta_rate":           funcDirectDeltaRate,
+	"direct_delta_increase":       funcDirectDeltaIncrease,
+	"extrapolated_delta_rate":     funcExtrapolatedDeltaRate,
+	"extrapolated_delta_increase": funcExtrapolatedDeltaIncrease,
 }
 
 // AtModifierUnsafeFunctions are the functions whose result
diff --git a/promql/parser/functions.go b/promql/parser/functions.go
index aa65aca275..b13b168d3e 100644
--- a/promql/parser/functions.go
+++ b/promql/parser/functions.go
@@ -431,6 +431,26 @@ var Functions = map[string]*Function{
 		Variadic:   1,
 		ReturnType: ValueTypeVector,
 	},
+	"direct_delta_rate": {
+		Name:       "direct_delta_rate",
+		ArgTypes:   []ValueType{ValueTypeMatrix},
+		ReturnType: ValueTypeVector,
+	},
+	"direct_delta_increase": {
+		Name:       "direct_delta_increase",
+		ArgTypes:   []ValueType{ValueTypeMatrix},
+		ReturnType: ValueTypeVector,
+	},
+	"extrapolated_delta_rate": {
+		Name:       "extrapolated_delta_rate",
+		ArgTypes:   []ValueType{ValueTypeMatrix},
+		ReturnType: ValueTypeVector,
+	},
+	"extrapolated_delta_increase": {
+		Name:       "extrapolated_delta_increase",
+		ArgTypes:   []ValueType{ValueTypeMatrix},
+		ReturnType: ValueTypeVector,
+	},
 }
 
 // getFunction returns a predefined Function object for the given name.
diff --git a/promql/promqltest/testdata/delta.test b/promql/promqltest/testdata/delta.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eb775a7cd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/promql/promqltest/testdata/delta.test
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+load 10s
+	test_delta_counter	0 1+0x30
+
+
+eval instant at 5m direct_delta_increase(test_delta_counter[5m])
+    {} 30
+
+eval instant at 5m extrapolated_delta_increase(test_delta_counter[5m])
+    {} 30
+
+eval instant at 5m direct_delta_rate(test_delta_counter[5m])
+    {} 0.1
+
+eval instant at 5m extrapolated_delta_rate(test_delta_counter[5m])
+    {} 0.1
+
+eval instant at 35s direct_delta_increase(test_delta_counter[30s])
+    {} 3
+
+eval instant at 35s extrapolated_delta_increase(test_delta_counter[30s])
+    {} 3
+
+eval instant at 35s direct_delta_rate(test_delta_counter[30s])
+    {} 0.1
+
+eval instant at 35s extrapolated_delta_rate(test_delta_counter[30s])
+    {} 0.1
+
+# includes points at T10, T20, T30
+eval instant at 30s direct_delta_increase(test_delta_counter[21s])
+    {} 3
+
+# gets correct increase for selected range (for this specific example...)
+eval instant at 30s extrapolated_delta_increase(test_delta_counter[21s])
+	{} 2.1
+
+# includes points at T10, T20, T30 -> 3 / 21
+eval instant at 30s direct_delta_rate(test_delta_counter[21s])
+    {} 0.14285714285714285
+
+# gets correct rate for selected range
+eval instant at 30s extrapolated_delta_rate(test_delta_counter[21s])
+	{} 0.1
+
+clear
\ No newline at end of file