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3503 lines
185 KiB
3503 lines
185 KiB
19 years ago
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****************************************************************************
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* Copyright(c) 2002-2005, John Forkosh Associates, Inc. All rights reserved.
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* ==========================================================================
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* This file is part of mimeTeX, which is free software. You may redistribute
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* and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License,
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* version 2 or later, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
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* MimeTeX is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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* WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, not even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY.
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* See the GNU General Public License for specific details.
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* By using mimeTeX, you warrant that you have read, understood and
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* agreed to these terms and conditions, and that you possess the legal
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* right and ability to enter into this agreement and to use mimeTeX
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* in accordance with it.
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* Your mimeTeX distribution should contain a copy of the GNU General
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* Public License. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
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* 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA,
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* or point your browser to http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html
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****************************************************************************
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
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Preamble
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++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
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<html>
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<head>
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<title> mimeTeX user's manual </title>
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<style type="text/css">
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h3 { color: maroon; /*black; text-decoration: underline;*/
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ul ul { margin-left: -0.5em; margin-right: 3.5em;
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p { margin-left: 2.0em; margin-right: 1.5em }
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p:first-letter
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{ font-size: x-large; font-weight: bold;
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color: maroon }
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p.continue { margin-left: 2.0em; margin-right: 1.5em;
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padding-top: -0.1em }
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p.continue:first-letter
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{ font-size: large; font-weight: normal;
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color: black }
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p.warning { color: red } /* defines p class=warning */
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</style>
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<script type="text/javascript">
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// add/clear text to expression
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function eqntext(eqn)
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{ var eqnSrc = document.getElementById(eqn).src;
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var texSrc = eqnSrc.substring(eqnSrc.indexOf('?')+1,eqnSrc.length);
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addtext(texSrc); }
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function addtext(text)
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</script>
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</head>
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<body>
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<!-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
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Banner across top of page, containing title and two example mimeTeX images.
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++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
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<br>
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<hr size=4>
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<center>
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<table cellspacing=10>
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<tr>
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<td align="center">
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<a href="#preview"><img id="imageBanr1" onclick="eqntext('imageBanr1')"
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src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large f=b_o+\frac{a_1}{b_1+\frac{a_2}
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{b_2+\frac{a_3}{b_3+a_4}}}" alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
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<td align="center" valign="middle">
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<center> <font color="maroon" size=4>
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<b><nobr>m i m e T e X m a n u a l</nobr></b> <br>
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<font size=3>( for mimeTeX version 1.60 )</font> <br>
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<font size=3> <b>Click for:</b>
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<!-- <a href="http://www.forkosh.com" target="_top">homepage</a>,
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<a href="http://www.forkosh.com/resume.html" target="_top">resume</a> -->
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<a href="http://www.forkosh.com/mimetextutorial.html" target="_top">
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LaTeX tutorial</a><br>
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<a href="http://www.forkosh.com/mimetex.html" target="_top">
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mimeTeX QuickStart</a><br>
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<a href="http://www.forkosh.com/mimetex.zip">
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<!-- jfa <a href="ftp://ftp.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/support/mimetex/mimetex.zip"> -->
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<font size=4>download mimeTeX</font></a></font>
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</font> </center> </td>
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<td align="center">
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<a href="#preview"><img id="imageBanr2" onclick="eqntext('imageBanr2')"
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src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large\scr{J}^{ij}=\frac12\varepsilon_{ijk}
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\left[\begin{array}{cc}\sigma_k&0\\0&\sigma_k\end{array}\right]"
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alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> <br>
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<a href="#examples">more_examples...</a> </td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</center>
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<hr size=4>
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<center><b><font color="maroon" size=3>
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Copyright <font size=5>©</font> 2002-2005,
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<a href="http://www.forkosh.com">John Forkosh Associates, Inc.</a> <br>
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email: <a href="mailto:john@forkosh.com">john@forkosh.com</a>
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</font></b> <br><br>
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<a href="#preview"><img id="timestamp1" onclick="eqntext('timestamp1')"
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src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\blue\begin{matrix}
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\large\today\\\normalsize\today[3]\end{matrix}"
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alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center>
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<!-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
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Table of Contents
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++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
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<br> <center><b><font color="maroon" size=6>
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<u> C o n t e n t s
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</u></font></b> <br>
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<table cellspacing=0 class="medium">
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<tr>
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<td valign="top" align="center" width=150>
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<font size=3><b>- - - T u t o r i a l - - -</b></font> </td>
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<td valign="top" align="center" colspan=3 width=450><font size=3><b>
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- - - - - - - - - - - - - - R e f e r e n c e - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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</b></font></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top" align="center" width=150> <font size=3>
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<a href="#introduction"> (I) Introduction </a><br>
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<a href="#quickstart"> a. Quick Start </a><br>
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<a href="#examples"> b. Examples </a><br>
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<a href="#gpl"> c. GPL License </a> </font> </td>
|
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<td valign="top" align="center" width=150> <font size=3>
|
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<a href="#build"> (II) Building mimeTeX </a><br>
|
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<a href="#compile"> a. Compile </a><br>
|
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<a href="#install"> b. Install </a><br>
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<a href="#options"> c. Compile Options </a><br>
|
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<a href="#cmdline"> d. Command Line </a> </font> </td>
|
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<td valign="top" align="center" width=150> <font size=3>
|
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<a href="#reference"> (III) Syntax Reference </a><br>
|
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<a href="#spaces"> a. Math & White Space </a><br>
|
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<a href="#symbols"> b. Symbols, Sizes, Modes </a><br>
|
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<a href="#delimiters"> c. Delimiters </a><br>
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<a href="#accents"> d. Accents, Arrows, etc. </a><br>
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<a href="#array"> e. \begin{array} </a><br>
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<a href="#picture"> f. \picture( ){ } </a><br>
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<a href="#commands"> g. Other Commands </a><br>
|
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<a href="#exceptions"> h. Other Exceptions </a> </font> </td>
|
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<td valign="top" align="center" width=150> <font size=3>
|
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<a href="#appendices"> (IV) Appendices </a><br>
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<a href="#fonts"> a. Fonts </a><br>
|
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<a href="#makeraster"> b. make_raster() </a><br>
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<a href="#gifsave"> c. gifsave.c </a>
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<br><a href="#remarks"> Remarks </a> </font> </td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<!-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
|
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+ Installation and Usage Summary
|
||
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++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
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<br>
|
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<table border="0">
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<tr> <!-- banner -->
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<td align="left">
|
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<!-- <b><font color="maroon" size=4>
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<u> I n s t a l l a t i o n
|
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a n d U s a g e S u m m a r y
|
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</u></font></b> -->
|
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<font size=4 color="maroon"><b>- - - - - - I n s t a l l a t i o n
|
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a n d U s a g e S u m m a r y - - - - - -</b></font>
|
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</td> </tr>
|
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<tr>
|
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<td valign="top"> <!-- summary -->
|
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" vspace="0">
|
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<tr><td align="right" valign="top">
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<a href="#build">Installation</a>: </td>
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<td><font size=4> Download <a href="http://www.forkosh.com/mimetex.zip">
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mimetex.zip</a> and then type <br>
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<b> unzip mimetex.zip</b> <br>
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<b> cc -DAA mimetex.c gifsave.c -lm -o mimetex.cgi</b>
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<br>Now just <b>mv</b> mimetex.cgi to your <b>cgi-bin/</b>
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directory, <br> and you're all done. </font></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> <font size="2"> </font> </td></tr>
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<tr><td align="right" valign="top">
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<a href="#introduction">Usage</a>: </td>
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<td><font size=4> To see the image <br>
|
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<a href="#preview"><img id="summary1" onclick="eqntext('summary1')"
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src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?x=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}"
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alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> <br>
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just write the tag <br>
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<b> <img src="/cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?<br>
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x=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}"></b>
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</font></td></tr>
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</table>
|
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</td>
|
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</tr>
|
||
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</table>
|
||
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</center>
|
||
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<!-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
|
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|
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SECTION I. INTRODUCTION
|
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++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
|
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<h1> <a name="introduction">(I) Introduction</a> </h1>
|
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<p> <font color="maroon">MimeTeX, licensed under the
|
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<a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html" target="_top">gpl</a>,
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lets you easily embed LaTeX math in your html pages.</font>
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It parses a LaTeX math expression and immediately emits the
|
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corresponding gif image, rather than the usual TeX dvi.
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And mimeTeX is an entirely separate little program that doesn't use
|
||
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TeX or its fonts in any way. It's just one cgi that you put in your
|
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site's cgi-bin/ directory, with no other dependencies. So mimeTeX
|
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is very easy to <a href="#quickbuild">install</a>. And it's equally
|
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easy to use. Just place an html <img> tag in your document
|
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wherever you want to see the corresponding LaTeX expression.
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For example, </p>
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<pre> <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?f(x)=\int_{-\infty}^xe^{-t^2}dt"
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alt="" border=0 align=middle></pre> <p class="continue">immediately
|
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generates the corresponding gif image on-the-fly, displaying
|
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<a href="#preview"><img id="imageI1" onclick="eqntext('imageI1')"
|
||
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src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize
|
||
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f(x)=\int\limits_{-\infty}^xe^{-t^2}dt"
|
||
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alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> wherever you put that <img> tag.
|
||
|
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MimeTeX doesn't need intermediate dvi-to-gif conversion, and it doesn't
|
||
|
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create separate gif files for each converted expression. </p>
|
||
|
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|
||
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<p> There's also no inherent need to repeatedly write the cumbersome
|
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<img> tag illustrated above. You can write your own custom
|
||
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tags, or write a wrapper script around mimeTeX to simplify the
|
||
|
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notation. For example,
|
||
|
|
<a href="http://www.pmichaud.com/wiki/PmWiki/PmWiki" target="_top">
|
||
|
|
PmWiki</a> already has a
|
||
|
|
<a href="http://www.pmichaud.com/wiki/Cookbook/MimeTeX" target="_top">
|
||
|
|
mimeTeX plugin</a> that lets you just write
|
||
|
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<b>{$ f(x)=\int_{-\infty}^xe^{-t^2}dt $}</b>
|
||
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to obtain the same image. Or, if you're using
|
||
|
|
<a href="http://www.phpbb.com" target="_top">phpBB</a>, then
|
||
|
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<a href="http://www.themathforum.com" target="_top">Jameson</a>
|
||
|
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contributed the following one-line mod that lets you just write
|
||
|
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<b>[tex] ... [/tex]</b> to obtain mimeTeX images: </p>
|
||
|
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<pre class="medium"> #--------[open]-----------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
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/includes/bbcode.php
|
||
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#--------[find]-----------------------------------------------------
|
||
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// Remove our padding from the string..
|
||
|
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#--------[before, add]----------------------------------------------
|
||
|
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$text = preg_replace('/\[tex\](.*?)\[\/tex\]/ie',
|
||
|
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"'<img src=\"/cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?'.rawurlencode('$1').'\" align=\"middle\" />'",
|
||
|
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$text);</pre>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
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<p> MimeTeX's benefit over similar math-on-the-web solutions is, as
|
||
|
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mentioned above, its easy installation. But if that's not a
|
||
|
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problem for you, and if your site's server already has a LaTeX
|
||
|
|
distribution installed, and suitable image conversion utilities like
|
||
|
|
<a href="http://www.imagemagick.org" target="_top">ImageMagick</a>,
|
||
|
|
then you may prefer to look at a math rendering script like
|
||
|
|
<a href="http://www.mayer.dial.pipex.com/tex.htm#latexrender"
|
||
|
|
target="_top">latexrender</a>
|
||
|
|
which uses LaTeX to create higher quality images than mimeTeX
|
||
|
|
produces. For comparison,
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="imageI2" onclick="eqntext('imageI2')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize
|
||
|
|
f(x)=\int\limits_{-\infty}^xe^{-t^2}dt"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>, with arbitrary mean
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="imageI3" onclick="eqntext('imageI3')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\mu" alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>
|
||
|
|
and standard deviation
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="imageI4" onclick="eqntext('imageI4')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\sigma" alt="" border=0
|
||
|
|
align=middle></a>, and at mimeTeX's next larger font size, looks like </p>
|
||
|
|
<center>
|
||
|
|
<table>
|
||
|
|
<tr align="center">
|
||
|
|
<td> <font size="4">mimeTeX</font> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td> <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\hspace{30}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td> <font size="4">latexrender</font> </td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr align="center">
|
||
|
|
<td>
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="imageI5" onclick="eqntext('imageI5')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large
|
||
|
|
f(x)={\Large\frac1{\sigma\sqrt{2\pi}}}
|
||
|
|
\int_{\small-\infty}^xe^{\small-\frac{(t-\mu)^2}{2\sigma^2}}dt"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td> <img src="http://www.forkosh.com/lrender.gif"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle> </td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
</table>
|
||
|
|
</center>
|
||
|
|
<p> Similar LaTeX-based solutions that you may want to look at are
|
||
|
|
<a href="http://www.fourmilab.ch/webtools/textogif/textogif.html"
|
||
|
|
target="_top">textogif</a> and
|
||
|
|
<a href="http://www.math.uio.no/~martingu/gladtex/"
|
||
|
|
target="_top">gladTeX</a>. Additional discussion and several more
|
||
|
|
links are at <a href="http://www.tug.org/interest.html#web"
|
||
|
|
target="_top">www.tug.org/interest.html</a> and in the
|
||
|
|
<a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=LaTeX2HTML"
|
||
|
|
target="_top">tex-faq</a>. </p>
|
||
|
|
<!--
|
||
|
|
<p> The remainder of this introductory mimeTeX tutorial section contains </p>
|
||
|
|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li> First, a concise <a href="#quickstart">Quickstart</a> providing
|
||
|
|
just enough information for you to try rendering your own
|
||
|
|
expressions by <a href="#preview">Submitting Queries</a>
|
||
|
|
right from this page. </li>
|
||
|
|
<li> Then, a variety of additional <a href="#examples">Examples</a>
|
||
|
|
that more fully illustrate mimeTeX's capabilities
|
||
|
|
(later on, Section III comprises a more complete mimeTeX
|
||
|
|
<a href="#reference">Syntax Reference</a>). </li>
|
||
|
|
<li> Finally, the <a href="#gpl">gpl</a> license, whose terms
|
||
|
|
and conditions you must agree to before using mimeTeX.</li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
-->
|
||
|
|
<p> You may now want to browse the additional <a href="#examples">Examples</a>
|
||
|
|
below before proceeding, to make sure mimeTeX suits your needs before you
|
||
|
|
spend more time learning to use it. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<!-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
|
||
|
|
QUICKSTART
|
||
|
|
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
|
||
|
|
<h2> <a name="quickstart"> (Ia) Quick Start </a> </h2>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> <!-- Unlike MathML, --> MimeTeX is as TeX-like as possible (though
|
||
|
|
not 100% compliant), and you must already be familiar with LaTeX
|
||
|
|
math markup to use it. If you're not, many online LaTeX
|
||
|
|
<a href="http://www.tug.org/begin.html#doc" target="_top">turorials</a>
|
||
|
|
are readily available. You may also want to browse Andrew Roberts'
|
||
|
|
<a href="http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/andyr/misc/latex/latextutorial9.html"
|
||
|
|
target="_top">Latex Math I</a> and
|
||
|
|
<a href="http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/andyr/misc/latex/latextutorial10.html"
|
||
|
|
target="_top">Latex Math II</a>, or my own
|
||
|
|
<a href="http://www.forkosh.com/mimetextutorial.html" target="_top">
|
||
|
|
LaTeX math tutorial</a>.
|
||
|
|
Then, instead of continuing to read this page, you can <!-- may prefer
|
||
|
|
to play with mimeTeX yourself. In that case, --> just Submit any LaTeX
|
||
|
|
math expression you like in the Query Box below. I've started
|
||
|
|
you out with a little example already in the box, or <!-- , instead, -->
|
||
|
|
you can Click any of the <a href="#examples">Examples</a> below
|
||
|
|
to place that corresponding expression in the Query Box. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Meanwhile, here are just a few quickstart tips for Submitting
|
||
|
|
your own mimeTeX expressions in the Query Box below: </p>
|
||
|
|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li> MimeTeX currently has eight font sizes selected by
|
||
|
|
one of the usual directives <b>\tiny</b>
|
||
|
|
or <b>\small</b> or <b>\normalsize</b> ,
|
||
|
|
or <b>\large</b> (default) or <b>\Large</b>
|
||
|
|
or <b>\LARGE</b> , or <b>\huge</b> or <b>\Huge</b> .
|
||
|
|
Unlike standard LaTeX, font size directives may
|
||
|
|
appear within math mode expressions. They affect everything
|
||
|
|
to their right, except that their scope will be limited to any
|
||
|
|
<b>{ }</b>-enclosed subexpression in which they occur.
|
||
|
|
For example, "<b>a+\small b+c</b>"
|
||
|
|
renders
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"> <img id="imageBu" onclick="eqntext('imageBu')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large a+\small b+c"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=bottom></a>, whereas
|
||
|
|
"<b>\small a+{\Large b+}c</b>" renders
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"> <img id="imageBv" onclick="eqntext('imageBv')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\small a+{\Large b+}c"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=bottom></a>. </li>
|
||
|
|
<!-- <li> At smaller font sizes, try preceding your expression with
|
||
|
|
<b>\light</b> which adjusts mimeTeX's anti-aliasing
|
||
|
|
parameters to produce thinner lines that you may feel are
|
||
|
|
more legible, e.g.,<br>
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="imageIA1" onclick="eqntext('imageIA1')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\light\small\displaystyle
|
||
|
|
e^x=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}" alt="" border=0
|
||
|
|
align=middle> </a>   versus
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="imageIA2" onclick="eqntext('imageIA2')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\small\displaystyle
|
||
|
|
e^x=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}" alt="" border=0
|
||
|
|
align=middle> </a> </li> -->
|
||
|
|
<li> <!-- For displaystyle math mode limits illustrated above,
|
||
|
|
write either
|
||
|
|
<b>\displaystyle e^x=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}</b>
|
||
|
|
or <b>e^x=\sum\limits_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}</b>
|
||
|
|
in the usual way (ditto for <b>\int</b>, <b>\prod</b>,
|
||
|
|
<b>\cup</b>, <b>\cap</b>, etc). --> <!-- MimeTeX also recognizes
|
||
|
|
<b>\Bigint</b>, <b>\Bigsum</b>, <b>\Bigprod</b>, and several
|
||
|
|
similar extra symbols which are a little bigger, and which
|
||
|
|
automatically render displaystyle limits. -->
|
||
|
|
<!-- MimeTeX default-renders limits displaystyle at sizes
|
||
|
|
<b>\large</b> and larger (see the <b>-DDISPLAYSIZE=<i>n</i></b>
|
||
|
|
<a href="#options">compile option</a> below to change the
|
||
|
|
default). <b>\textstyle</b> overrides this default for
|
||
|
|
your entire expression, or <b>\nolimits</b> overrides it
|
||
|
|
for a single operator. -->
|
||
|
|
By default, mimeTeX renders limits textstyle
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"> <img id="imageB1" onclick="eqntext('imageB1')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\textstyle
|
||
|
|
\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}" alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>
|
||
|
|
at sizes <b>\normalsize</b> and smaller,
|
||
|
|
and renders them displaystyle
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"> <img id="imageB2" onclick="eqntext('imageB2')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\displaystyle
|
||
|
|
\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}" alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>
|
||
|
|
at sizes <b>\large</b> and larger.
|
||
|
|
The LaTeX directives <b>\displaystyle</b> or <b>\textstyle</b>,
|
||
|
|
and <b>\limits</b> or <b>\nolimits</b>, override mimeTeX's default
|
||
|
|
in the usual way. Or see the <b>-DDISPLAYSIZE=<i>n</i></b>
|
||
|
|
<a href="#options">compile option</a> below to change
|
||
|
|
the default. </li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
<p> <a name="forminput"> </a> <a name="preview"> </a>
|
||
|
|
Now enter your own LaTeX expression, use the sample provided,
|
||
|
|
or Click any of the <a href="#examples">Examples</a>.
|
||
|
|
Then press the Submit button, and mimeTeX's rendering should be
|
||
|
|
displayed in the little window immediately below it. </p>
|
||
|
|
<center>
|
||
|
|
<table border="2" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0">
|
||
|
|
<tr align="center"><td>
|
||
|
|
<form name="expression" action="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi"
|
||
|
|
method="get" target="inlineframe">
|
||
|
|
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1">
|
||
|
|
<tr align="left"><td align="center">
|
||
|
|
<b>First enter your own LaTeX expression,
|
||
|
|
or Click any example...</b> <br>
|
||
|
|
<textarea name="formdata" rows="5" cols="72"
|
||
|
|
>\Large f(x)=\int_{-\infty}^x e^{-t^2}dt</textarea> <br>
|
||
|
|
</td></tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr align="center"><td>
|
||
|
|
<font size="-1"> <input type="button" onClick="cleartext()"
|
||
|
|
value="Clear Expression">
|
||
|
|
<input type="submit" value="Submit Expression"> </font>
|
||
|
|
</td></tr>
|
||
|
|
</table>
|
||
|
|
</form> </td></tr> <tr align="left"><td align="center">
|
||
|
|
<b>Now click Submit to see it rendered below...</b> <br>
|
||
|
|
<iframe name="inlineframe" align="middle" width="85%" height="110">
|
||
|
|
<p>iframe's not supported if you see this.</p>
|
||
|
|
</iframe>
|
||
|
|
</td></tr>
|
||
|
|
</table>
|
||
|
|
</center>
|
||
|
|
<p> You should see
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="imageIA3" onclick="eqntext('imageIA3')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize
|
||
|
|
f(x)=\int\limits_{-\infty}^x e^{-t^2}dt"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> if you submit the sample expression
|
||
|
|
already in the box. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> And the <img> tag to embed this same integral anywhere
|
||
|
|
in your own document is </p>
|
||
|
|
<pre> <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large f(x)=\int_{-\infty}^xe^{-t^2}dt"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></pre>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> <!-- You can see numerous additional examples illustrating html
|
||
|
|
<img> tags using mimeTeX by viewing this page's source. -->
|
||
|
|
The typical mimeTeX <img> tag has the form </p>
|
||
|
|
<pre> <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?any valid LaTeX/mimeTeX expression"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></pre> <p class="continue">
|
||
|
|
where <b>../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi</b> is the relative path from your html
|
||
|
|
page containing these tags to your compiled mimetex.cgi program, and
|
||
|
|
where <b>any valid LaTeX/mimeTeX expression</b>
|
||
|
|
is pretty much any valid LaTeX math expression: </p> <ul>
|
||
|
|
<!-- <li> As discussed in the <a href="#introduction">Introduction</a>,
|
||
|
|
you can replace cumbersome <img> tags with your own custom
|
||
|
|
tags or wrapper scripts. </li> -->
|
||
|
|
<li> <!-- And --> There are occasional exceptions where I couldn't
|
||
|
|
program mimeTeX to recognize valid LaTeX syntax.
|
||
|
|
One particular "gotcha" is that mimeTeX bindings
|
||
|
|
are pretty much left-to-right. Thus, for example, although
|
||
|
|
mimeTeX correctly interprets <b>\frac12</b> as well as
|
||
|
|
<b>\frac1{x^2}</b>, etc, the legal LaTeX expression
|
||
|
|
<b>x^\frac12</b> must be written <b>x^{\frac12}</b>.
|
||
|
|
Otherwise, mimeTeX interprets it as <b>{x^\frac}12</b>, i.e.,
|
||
|
|
the same way <b>x^\alpha12</b> would be interpreted, which is
|
||
|
|
nonsense for <b>\frac</b>. The same "gotcha" also applies to
|
||
|
|
other combinations of commands, e.g., you must write
|
||
|
|
<b>\sqrt{\frac\alpha\beta}</b>, or
|
||
|
|
<b>\frac\alpha{\sqrt\beta}</b>, etc.
|
||
|
|
The <a href="#reference">Syntax Reference</a> section
|
||
|
|
contains much additional information. <!-- Or you can just begin
|
||
|
|
playing with mimeTeX for yourself to see if it might have
|
||
|
|
any potential usefulness for you. --> </li>
|
||
|
|
<li> Besides such exceptions, mimeTeX
|
||
|
|
also provides various LaTeX extensions. <!-- , i.e., LaTeX errors
|
||
|
|
permitted by mimetex. --> For example, font size
|
||
|
|
directives like <b>\Large</b> are permitted within mimeTeX
|
||
|
|
math mode expressions, but flagged as errors by LaTeX.
|
||
|
|
<!-- But note well: if you take advantage of mimeTeX extensions,
|
||
|
|
your math mode expressions will no longer be accepted by
|
||
|
|
standard TeX engines. --> </li> </ul>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<!-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
|
||
|
|
EXAMPLES
|
||
|
|
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
|
||
|
|
<h2> <a name="examples"> (Ib) Examples </a> </h2>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Here are various additional random examples further demonstrating
|
||
|
|
mimeTeX's features and usage. To see how they're done, Click any
|
||
|
|
one of them to place its corresponding expression in the
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview">Query Box</a> above. Then press Submit
|
||
|
|
to re-render it, or you can edit the expression first to suit
|
||
|
|
your own purposes. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<table cellspacing=15>
|
||
|
|
<!-- first example: taylor series for e^x at various font sizes and colors
|
||
|
|
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>
|
||
|
|
<font size=5><a name="example1">(1)</a></font> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left" colspan=4>
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview">
|
||
|
|
<img id="example1a" onclick="eqntext('example1a')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\red\normalsize\displaystyle
|
||
|
|
e^x=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>    
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview">
|
||
|
|
<img id="example1b" onclick="eqntext('example1b')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\green\large\displaystyle
|
||
|
|
e^x=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>    
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview">
|
||
|
|
<img id="example1c" onclick="eqntext('example1c')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\blue\Large
|
||
|
|
e^x=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>    
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview">
|
||
|
|
<img id="example1d" onclick="eqntext('example1d')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\reverse\opaque\light
|
||
|
|
\LARGE e^x=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>    
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview">
|
||
|
|
<img id="example1e" onclick="eqntext('example1e')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\LARGE
|
||
|
|
e^x=\lim_{n\to\infty} \left(1+\frac xn\right)^n"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>
|
||
|
|
</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<!-- second example
|
||
|
|
+++++++++++++++++++ -->
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>
|
||
|
|
<font size=5>(2)</font> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left" colspan=4>
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview">
|
||
|
|
<img id="example2" onclick="eqntext('example2')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large\frac{dv^m}{ds}=-\Gamma^m_{oo}v^{o^2}
|
||
|
|
=-g^{mn}\Gamma_{noo}v^{o^2}=\frac12g^{mn}g_{oo,n}v^{o^2}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<!-- third example
|
||
|
|
++++++++++++++++++ -->
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>
|
||
|
|
<font size=5>(3)</font> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left" colspan=4>
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview">
|
||
|
|
<img id="example3" onclick="eqntext('example3')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large\varepsilon=\sum_{i=1}^{n-1}
|
||
|
|
\frac1{\Delta x}\int_{x_i}^{x_{i+1}}\left\{\frac1{\Delta x}\big[
|
||
|
|
(x_{i+1}-x)y_i^\ast+(x-x_i)y_{i+1}^\ast\big]-f(x)\right\}^2dx"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<!-- fourth example: solution to quadratic, definition of derivative
|
||
|
|
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>
|
||
|
|
<font size=5>(4)</font> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left" colspan=4>
|
||
|
|
<table>
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left">
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview">
|
||
|
|
<img id="example4a" onclick="eqntext('example4a')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\LARGE x=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td>
|
||
|
|
solution for quadratic </td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr> <td> <br> </td> </tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left">
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview">
|
||
|
|
<img id="example4b" onclick="eqntext('example4b')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large f^\prime(x)\ =
|
||
|
|
\lim_{\Delta x\to0}\frac{f(x+\Delta x)-f(x)}{\Delta x}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td>
|
||
|
|
definition of derivative </td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
</table> </td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<!-- fifth example: continued fraction
|
||
|
|
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>
|
||
|
|
<font size=5>(5)</font> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left">
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview">
|
||
|
|
<img id="example5" onclick="eqntext('example5')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\LARGE f=b_o+\frac{a_1}{b_1+
|
||
|
|
\frac{a_2}{b_2+\frac{a_3}{b_3+a_4}}}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td>
|
||
|
|
illustrating <b>\frac{}{}</b> for continued fraction </td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<!-- sixth example: demonstrating \left\{ ... \right.
|
||
|
|
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>
|
||
|
|
<font size=5>(6)</font> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left">
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview">
|
||
|
|
<img id="example6" onclick="eqntext('example6')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\LARGE\tilde y=\left\{
|
||
|
|
{\ddot x\text{ if \vec x odd}\atop\hat{\,\bar x+1}\text{ if even}}\right."
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td>
|
||
|
|
illustrating <b>\left\{...\right<font size=5>.</font></b>
|
||
|
|
<!-- we may write <b>\{...\.</b> --> <br>
|
||
|
|
and note the accents </td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<!-- seventh example: demonstrating \overbrace \underbrace
|
||
|
|
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>
|
||
|
|
<font size=5>(7)</font> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="center">
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview">
|
||
|
|
<img id="example7" onclick="eqntext('example7')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large\overbrace{a,...,a}^{\text{k a^,s}},
|
||
|
|
\underbrace{b,...,b}_{\text{l b^,s}}\hspace{10}
|
||
|
|
\large\underbrace{\overbrace{a...a}^{\text{k a^,s}},
|
||
|
|
\overbrace{b...b}^{\text{l b^,s}}}_{\text{k+l elements}}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td>
|
||
|
|
<b>\overbrace{}^{}</b> and <b>\underbrace{}_{}</b> <br>
|
||
|
|
(TeXbook page 181, Exercise 18.41) </td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<!-- eighth example: demonstrating \begin{array}
|
||
|
|
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>
|
||
|
|
<font size=5>(8)</font> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left" colspan=3>
|
||
|
|
<table>
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left" colspan=2>
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview">
|
||
|
|
<img id="example8a" onclick="eqntext('example8a')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large\scr{J}^{i0}=+\frac i2
|
||
|
|
\left[\begin{array}{cc}\sigma_i&0\\0&-\sigma_i\end{array}\right]
|
||
|
|
\hspace{10}\scr{J}^{ij}=\frac12\varepsilon_{ijk}
|
||
|
|
\left[\begin{array}{cc}\sigma_k&0\\0&\sigma_k\end{array}\right]"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle> </a> </td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr> <td> <br> </td> </tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left">
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview">
|
||
|
|
<img id="example8b" onclick="eqntext('example8b')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large A\ =\ \large\left(
|
||
|
|
\begin{array}{c.cccc}&1&2&\cdots&n\\
|
||
|
|
\hdash1&a_{11}&a_{12}&\cdots&a_{1n}\\
|
||
|
|
2&a_{21}&a_{22}&\cdots&a_{2n}\\
|
||
|
|
\vdots&\vdots&\vdots&\ddots&\vdots\\
|
||
|
|
n&a_{n1}&a_{n2}&\cdots&a_{nn}\end{array}\right)"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td>
|
||
|
|
demonstrating <a href="#array">\begin{array}</a>'s dashed lines </td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
</table> </td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<!-- ninth example: block diagonal form using nested arrays
|
||
|
|
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>
|
||
|
|
<font size=5><a name="example9">(9)</a></font> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left" colspan="2">
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview">
|
||
|
|
<img id="example9c" onclick="eqntext('example9c')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize
|
||
|
|
\left(\large\begin{array}{GC+23}
|
||
|
|
\varepsilon_x\\\varepsilon_y\\\varepsilon_z\\\gamma_{xy}\\
|
||
|
|
\gamma_{xz}\\\gamma_{yz}\end{array}\right)\ {\Large=}
|
||
|
|
\ \left[\begin{array}{CC}
|
||
|
|
\begin{array}\frac1{E_{\fs{+1}x}}
|
||
|
|
&-\frac{\nu_{xy}}{E_{\fs{+1}x}}
|
||
|
|
&-\frac{\nu_{\fs{+1}xz}}{E_{\fs{+1}x}}\\
|
||
|
|
-\frac{\nu_{yx}}{E_y}&\frac1{E_{y}}&-\frac{\nu_{yz}}{E_y}\\
|
||
|
|
-\frac{\nu_{\fs{+1}zx}}{E_{\fs{+1}z}}&
|
||
|
|
-\frac{\nu_{zy}}{E_{\fs{+1}z}}
|
||
|
|
&\frac1{E_{\fs{+1}z}}\end{array} & {\LARGE 0} \\
|
||
|
|
{\LARGE 0} & \begin{array}\frac1{G_{xy}}&&\\
|
||
|
|
&\frac1{G_{\fs{+1}xz}}&\\&&\frac1{G_{yz}}\end{array}
|
||
|
|
\end{array}\right]
|
||
|
|
\ \left(\large\begin{array}
|
||
|
|
\sigma_x\\\sigma_y\\\sigma_z\\\tau_{xy}\\\tau_{xz}\\\tau_{yz}
|
||
|
|
\end{array}\right)"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left">
|
||
|
|
Block diagonal form using nested <b>\begin{array}</b>'s.<br>
|
||
|
|
Also, note rows aligned across all three arrays.
|
||
|
|
</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<!-- tenth example: demonstrating \begin{eqnarray} to align equations
|
||
|
|
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>
|
||
|
|
<font size=5>(10)</font> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="center">
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview">
|
||
|
|
<img id="example10" onclick="eqntext('example10')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large\left.\begin{eqnarray}
|
||
|
|
x+y+z&=&3\\2y&=&x+z\\2x+y&=&z\end{eqnarray}\right\}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td>
|
||
|
|
using <a href="#array">\begin{eqnarray}</a> to align equations </td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<!-- eleventh example: demonstrating commutative diagram
|
||
|
|
using \longxxxarrow[] and \begin{array}
|
||
|
|
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>
|
||
|
|
<font size=5>(11)</font> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="center">
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview">
|
||
|
|
<img id="example11" onclick="eqntext('example11')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large\begin{array}{rccclBCB}
|
||
|
|
&f&\longrightarrow[75]^{\alpha:{\normalsize f\rightarrow g}}&g\\
|
||
|
|
\large\gamma&\longdownarrow[50]&&\longdownarrow[50]&\large\gamma\\
|
||
|
|
&u&\longrightarrow[75]_\beta&v\end{array}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td>
|
||
|
|
commutative diagram using <a href="#array">\begin{array}</a> </td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<!-- twelfth example: demonstrating \picture
|
||
|
|
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>
|
||
|
|
<font size=5>(12)</font> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left">
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview">
|
||
|
|
<img id="example12" onclick="eqntext('example12')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large\hspace{5}\unitlength{1}
|
||
|
|
\picture(175,100){ (50,50){\circle(100)}
|
||
|
|
(1,50){\overbrace{\line(46)}^{4$\;\;a}}
|
||
|
|
(52,50){\line(125)} (50,52;115;2){\mid} (52,55){\longleftar[60]}
|
||
|
|
(130,56){\longrightar[35]} (116,58){r} (c85,50;80;2){\bullet}
|
||
|
|
(c85,36){\large-q} (c165,36){\large q}
|
||
|
|
(42,29){\underbrace{\line(32)}_{\small a^2/r\;\;\;}} }"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td valign="middle">
|
||
|
|
mimeTeX <a href="#picture">\picture(size){pic_elems}</a>
|
||
|
|
"environment", illustrating the image charge <b>- q</b>
|
||
|
|
for a grounded conducting sphere of radius <b>a</b> with
|
||
|
|
a charge <b>q</b> at distance <b>r > a</b> outside it. </td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<!-- thirteenth example: demonstrating \picture
|
||
|
|
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>
|
||
|
|
<font size=5>(13)</font> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left">
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview">
|
||
|
|
<img id="example13" onclick="eqntext('example13')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\small\hspace{10}\unitlength{.75}
|
||
|
|
\picture(120,220){ (60,200){\circle(120,40)} (0,20){\line(0,180)}
|
||
|
|
(5,189;0,-30){\pict(110,20){(c20,10;70;2){
|
||
|
|
\pict(40,20){(20,10){\circle(40,20)}(c10,10)+(c30,10)-}} } }
|
||
|
|
(119,20){\line(0,180)} (60,20){\circle(120,40;34)}}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td valign="middle"> <a href="#picture">\picture</a> "environment"
|
||
|
|
illustrating the surface polarization charge induced by a uniform
|
||
|
|
electric field. Inside the slab of material, the volume polarization
|
||
|
|
charge clearly vanishes. <br><br> The little
|
||
|
|
<img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\small\unitlength{.75} \pict(40,20){(20,10)
|
||
|
|
{\circle(40,20)}(c10,10)+(c30,10)-}" alt="" border=0 align=middle>
|
||
|
|
dipole image is drawn only once, then multiput across two columns, and
|
||
|
|
then that result is further multiput down the rows. MimeTeX \picture's
|
||
|
|
can be used as picture elements in other pictures, nested to any level.
|
||
|
|
The image at left is picture-in-picture-in-picture. </td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
</table>
|
||
|
|
<br><br>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<!-- font examples
|
||
|
|
++++++++++++++++++ -->
|
||
|
|
<h3> Some font examples <font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
|
||
|
|
<p> Finally, illustrated below are some examples of fonts and symbols
|
||
|
|
available with mimeTeX. All symbols and sizes from cmr, cmmi,
|
||
|
|
cmmib (use <b>\mathbf{ }</b>), cmsy, cmex, bbold (use
|
||
|
|
<b>\mathbb{ }</b>), rsfs (use <b>\mathscr{ }</b>),
|
||
|
|
and stmary should be available, but they're not all shown.
|
||
|
|
And also not shown are various "constructed symbols" like \sqrt,
|
||
|
|
accents, etc. The illustrated font sizes are numbered 4=\Large,
|
||
|
|
3=\large and 2=\normalsize (not shown are 7=\Huge, 6=\huge,
|
||
|
|
5=\LARGE, 1=\small and 0=\tiny). </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h3>cmmi latin uppercase, and lowercase</h3>
|
||
|
|
<p> <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\array{r$
|
||
|
|
2$\rm~size~4:~&4$A&4$B&4$C&4$D,&4$a&4$b&4$c&4$d\\
|
||
|
|
2$\rm~3:~&3$E&3$F&3$G&3$H&3$I&3$J&3$K&3$L,&3$e&3$f&3$g&3$h&3$i&3$j&3$k&3$l\\
|
||
|
|
2$\rm~2:~&2$M&2$N&2$O&2$P&2$Q&2$R&2$S&2$T&2$U&2$V&2$W&2$X&2$Y&2$Z,&
|
||
|
|
2$m&2$n&2$o&2$p&2$q&2$r&2$s&2$t&2$u&2$v&2$w&2$x&2$y&2$z}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle> </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h3>calligraphic, and rsfs (<b>\cal{A}, \scr{B}, etc</b>)</h3>
|
||
|
|
<p> <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\array{r$
|
||
|
|
2$\rm~size~4:~&4$\calA&4$\calB&4$\calC&4$\calD&4$\calE&4$\calF&4$\calG,&
|
||
|
|
4$\scrA&4$\scrB&4$\scrC&4$\scrD&4$\scrE&4$\scrF&4$\scrG\\
|
||
|
|
2$\rm~3:~&3$\calH&3$\calI&3$\calJ&3$\calK&3$\calL&3$\calM&3$\calN&3$\calO&
|
||
|
|
3$\calP,&
|
||
|
|
3$\scrH&3$\scrI&3$\scrJ&3$\scrK&3$\scrL&3$\scrM&3$\scrN&3$\scrO&3$\scrP\\
|
||
|
|
2$\rm~2:~&2$\calQ&2$\calR&2$\calS&2$\calT&2$\calU&
|
||
|
|
2$\calV&2$\calW&2$\calX&2$\calY&2$\calZ,&
|
||
|
|
2$\scrQ&2$\scrR&2$\scrS&2$\scrT&2$\scrU&2$\scrV&2$\scrW&
|
||
|
|
2$\scrX&2$\scrY&2$\scrZ}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle> </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h3>cmmi greek uppercase, and \var lowercase</h3>
|
||
|
|
<p> <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\array{r$
|
||
|
|
2$\rm~size~4:~&4$\Gamma&4$\Delta&4$\Theta&4$\Lambda&4$\Xi&4$\Pi&4$\Sigma&
|
||
|
|
4$\Upsilon&4$\Phi&4$\Psi&4$\Omega,&4$\rm~~&4$\varepsilon&4$\vartheta&4$\varpi&
|
||
|
|
4$\varrho&4$\varsigma&4$\varphi\\
|
||
|
|
2$\rm~3:~&3$\Gamma&3$\Delta&3$\Theta&3$\Lambda&3$\Xi&3$\Pi&3$\Sigma&
|
||
|
|
3$\Upsilon&3$\Phi&3$\Psi&3$\Omega,&~&3$\varepsilon&3$\vartheta&3$\varpi&
|
||
|
|
3$\varrho&3$\varsigma&3$\varphi\\
|
||
|
|
2$\rm~2:~&2$\Gamma&2$\Delta&2$\Theta&2$\Lambda&2$\Xi&2$\Pi&2$\Sigma&
|
||
|
|
2$\Upsilon&2$\Phi&2$\Psi&2$\Omega,&~&2$\varepsilon&2$\vartheta&2$\varpi&
|
||
|
|
2$\varrho&2$\varsigma&2$\varphi}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle> </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h3>cmmi greek lowercase</h3>
|
||
|
|
<p> <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\array{r$
|
||
|
|
2$\rm~size~4:~&4$\alpha&4$\beta&4$\gamma&4$\delta&4$\epsilon&4$\zeta&
|
||
|
|
4$\eta&4$\theta&4$\iota&4$\kappa&4$\lambda&4$\mu&4$\nu&4$\xi&4$%%\omicron%%&
|
||
|
|
4$\pi&4$\rho&4$\sigma&4$\tau&4$\upsilon&4$\phi&4$\chi&4$\psi&4$\omega\\
|
||
|
|
2$\rm~3:~&3$\alpha&3$\beta&3$\gamma&3$\delta&3$\epsilon&3$\zeta&
|
||
|
|
3$\eta&3$\theta&3$\iota&3$\kappa&3$\lambda&3$\mu&3$\nu&3$\xi&3$%%\omicron%%&
|
||
|
|
3$\pi&3$\rho&3$\sigma&3$\tau&3$\upsilon&3$\phi&3$\chi&3$\psi&3$\omega\\
|
||
|
|
2$\rm~2:~&2$\alpha&2$\beta&2$\gamma&2$\delta&2$\epsilon&2$\zeta&
|
||
|
|
2$\eta&2$\theta&2$\iota&2$\kappa&2$\lambda&2$\mu&2$\nu&2$\xi&2$%%\omicron%%&
|
||
|
|
2$\pi&2$\rho&2$\sigma&2$\tau&2$\upsilon&2$\phi&2$\chi&2$\psi&2$\omega}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle> </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h3>cmsy symbols at mimeTeX font size 3<br>
|
||
|
|
<font size="3">(operators shown large are automatically "promoted"<br>
|
||
|
|
to the larger size in \displaystyle mode)</font> </h3>
|
||
|
|
<p> <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\array{3,r$1$\rm~chars~\\
|
||
|
|
1$\rm~0-15:~&-&\cdot&\times&\ast&\div&\diamond&\pm&\mp&
|
||
|
|
\oplus&\ominus&\otimes&\oslash&\odot&\bigcirc&\circ&\bullet\\
|
||
|
|
1$\rm~16-31:~&\asymp&\equiv&\subseteq&\supseteq&\leq&\geq&\preceq&\succeq&
|
||
|
|
\sim&\approx&\subset&\supset&\ll&\gg&\prec&\succ\\
|
||
|
|
1$\rm~32-47:~&\leftar&\rightar&\uparr&\downar&\leftrightar&\near&\sear&
|
||
|
|
\simeq&\Leftar&\Rightar&\Upar&\Downar&\Leftrightar&\nwar&\swar&\propto\\
|
||
|
|
1$\rm~48-63:~&\prime&\infty&\in&\ni&\triangle&\bigtriangledo&/&\'&
|
||
|
|
\forall&\exists&\neg&\emptyset&\Re&\Im&\top&\bot\\
|
||
|
|
1$\rm~64-100:~&\aleph&&\calA&4$.\,.\,.&\calZ&&\cup&\cap&
|
||
|
|
\uplus&\wedge&\vee&\vdash&\dashv&\lfloor&\rfloor&\lceil\\
|
||
|
|
1$\rm~101-116:~&\rceil&\lbrace&\rbrace&\langle&\rangle&\mid&\parallel&
|
||
|
|
\updownar&\Updownar&\setminus&\wr&\surd&\amalg&\nabla&\int&\sqcup\\
|
||
|
|
1$\rm~117-127:~&\sqcap&\sqsubseteq&\sqsupseteq&\S&\dag&\ddag&\P&\clubsuit&
|
||
|
|
\Diamond&\Heart&\spadesuit}" alt="" border=0 align=middle> </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h3>a few other cmmi, cmr, and stmary symbols at mimeTeX font size 4</h3>
|
||
|
|
<p> <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\array{4,r$
|
||
|
|
1$\rm~cmmi:~&\leftharpoonup&\leftharpoondo&\rightharpoonup&\rightharpoondo&
|
||
|
|
\triangleright&\triangleleft&\star&\partial&
|
||
|
|
\flat&\natural&\sharp&\smile&\frown&\ell&\imath&\jmath&\wp&\vec\\
|
||
|
|
1$\rm~cmr:~&\ss&\ae&\oe&\AE&\OE \\
|
||
|
|
1$\rm~stmary:~&\moo&\Lbag&\Rbag&\lightning&\llbracket&\rrbracket&
|
||
|
|
\subsetpluseq&\supsetpluseq&\Yup&\Ydown}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle> </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<!-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
|
||
|
|
GPL
|
||
|
|
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
|
||
|
|
<h2> <a name="gpl"> (Ic) GPL License </a> </h2>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<font color="black">
|
||
|
|
<b>"</b><i>My grandfather once told me there are two kinds of people:<br>
|
||
|
|
    Those who do the work and those who take the credit.<br>
|
||
|
|
    He told me to try to be in the first group; there was much
|
||
|
|
less competition.</i><b>"</b><br>
|
||
|
|
Indira Gandhi, the late Prime Minister of India</font> <br>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> MimeTeX's copyright is registered by me with the US Copyright Office,
|
||
|
|
and I hereby license it to you under the terms and conditions of the
|
||
|
|
<a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html" target="_top">GPL</a>.
|
||
|
|
There is no official support of any kind whatsoever,
|
||
|
|
and you use mimeTeX entirely at your own risk, with no guarantee
|
||
|
|
of any kind, in particular with no warranty of merchantability. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> By using mimeTeX, you warrant that you have read, understood
|
||
|
|
and agreed to these terms and conditions, and that you <!-- are at least
|
||
|
|
18 years of age and --> possess the legal right and ability to enter
|
||
|
|
into this agreement and to use mimeTeX in accordance with it. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Hopefully, the law and ethics regarding computer programs will
|
||
|
|
evolve to make this kind of obnoxious banter unnecessary.
|
||
|
|
In the meantime, please forgive me my paranoia. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> To protect your own intellectual property, I recommend
|
||
|
|
<a href="http://lcweb.loc.gov/copyright/circs/circ1.html"
|
||
|
|
target="_top">Copyright Basics</a> from The Library of Congress, and
|
||
|
|
similarly, <a href="http://www.abanet.org/intelprop/comm106/106copy.html"
|
||
|
|
target="_top">Copyright Basics</a> from The American Bar Association.
|
||
|
|
Very briefly, download
|
||
|
|
<a href="http://www.copyright.gov/forms/formtxi.pdf">Form TX</a>
|
||
|
|
and follow the included instructions.
|
||
|
|
In principle, you automatically own the copyright
|
||
|
|
to anything you write the moment it's on paper. In practice,
|
||
|
|
if the matter comes under dispute, the courts look _very_ favorably
|
||
|
|
on you for demonstrating your intent by registering the copyright. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<!-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
|
||
|
|
SECTION II. BUILDING MIMETEX
|
||
|
|
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
|
||
|
|
<h1> <a name="build"> (II) Building mimeTeX </a> </h1>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<!-- <center> -->
|
||
|
|
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
|
||
|
|
<tr><td><center><hr size="2">Very quickly --- download
|
||
|
|
<a href="http://www.forkosh.com/mimetex.zip">
|
||
|
|
<!-- jfa <a href="ftp://ftp.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/support/mimetex/mimetex.zip"> -->
|
||
|
|
mimetex.zip</a> and then type
|
||
|
|
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
|
||
|
|
<tr align="left">
|
||
|
|
<td><img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\hspace{50}" alt="" border=0></td>
|
||
|
|
<td><b>unzip mimetex.zip</b> <br>
|
||
|
|
<b>cc -DAA mimetex.c gifsave.c -lm -o mimetex.cgi</b></td>
|
||
|
|
</tr></table>
|
||
|
|
Now <b>mv</b> mimetex.cgi to your <b>cgi-bin/</b>
|
||
|
|
directory, and you're all done. <br>
|
||
|
|
Read the rest of this section for more detailed
|
||
|
|
information.<hr size="2"></center></td>
|
||
|
|
<td><img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\hspace{150}" alt="" border=0></td>
|
||
|
|
</tr></table>
|
||
|
|
<!-- </center> -->
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> I've built and run mimeTeX under Linux and NetBSD using gcc. The source
|
||
|
|
code is ansi-standard C, and should compile and run under all
|
||
|
|
environments without change. Instructions below
|
||
|
|
are for Unix. Modify them as necessary for your particular situation
|
||
|
|
(note the -DWINDOWS switch if applicable). </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h2> <a name="compile"> (IIa) Download and Compile </a> </h2>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> The steps needed to download and compile mimeTeX are </p>
|
||
|
|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li> Download and unzip
|
||
|
|
<a href="http://www.forkosh.com/mimetex.zip">
|
||
|
|
<!-- jfa <a href="ftp://ftp.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/support/mimetex/mimetex.zip"> -->
|
||
|
|
mimetex.zip</a> in any convenient working directory.
|
||
|
|
Your working directory should now contain <center>
|
||
|
|
<table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
|
||
|
|
<tr><td width=100>README</td> <td>mimeTeX release notes</td></tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr><td>LICENSE</td> <td>GPL license, under which you may use
|
||
|
|
mimeTeX</td></tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr><td>mimetex.c</td> <td>mimeTeX source program and all required
|
||
|
|
functions</td></tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr><td>mimetex.h</td> <td>header file for mimetex.c (and for
|
||
|
|
gfuntype.c)</td></tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr><td>gfuntype.c</td> <td>parses output from <b>gftype -i</b>
|
||
|
|
and writes bitmap data</td></tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr><td>texfonts.h</td> <td>output from several <b>gfuntype</b> runs,
|
||
|
|
needed by mimetex.c</td></tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr><td>gifsave.c</td> <td>gif library by Sverre H. Huseby
|
||
|
|
<a href="http://shh.thathost.com"
|
||
|
|
target="_top">http://shh.thathost.com</a>
|
||
|
|
</td></tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr><td>mimetex.html</td> <td>this file, the mimeTeX
|
||
|
|
user's manual</td></tr>
|
||
|
|
</table></center>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Note: all files use Unix line termination, i.e., linefeeds
|
||
|
|
(without carriage returns) signal line endings. Conversion for
|
||
|
|
Windows PC's, Macs, VMS, etc, can usually be accomplished by
|
||
|
|
unzip's -a option, i.e., unzip -a mimetex.zip
|
||
|
|
<br> <br> </li>
|
||
|
|
<li> To compile an executable that emits anti-aliased gif images
|
||
|
|
(which is recommended for most uses), just type the following
|
||
|
|
command from the Unix shell <br>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>cc -DAA mimetex.c gifsave.c -lm -o mimetex.cgi</b> </li>
|
||
|
|
<li> Or, to compile an executable that emit gif images
|
||
|
|
without anti-aliasing <br>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>cc -DGIF mimetex.c gifsave.c -lm -o mimetex.cgi</b> </li>
|
||
|
|
<li> Alternatively, to compile an executable that emits mime xbitmaps<br>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>cc -DXBITMAP mimetex.c -lm -o mimetex.cgi</b> </li>
|
||
|
|
<li> Compile Notes: <ul>
|
||
|
|
<li> If (and only if) you're compiling a Windows executable with
|
||
|
|
the <b>-DAA</b> or <b>-DGIF</b> option (but not -DXBITMAP), then
|
||
|
|
add <b>-DWINDOWS</b> . For example, <br>
|
||
|
|
<nobr> <b>gcc -DAA -DWINDOWS
|
||
|
|
mimetex.c gifsave.c -lm -o mimetex.exe</b> </nobr> <br>
|
||
|
|
The above Unix-like syntax works with
|
||
|
|
<a href="http://www.mingw.org" target="_top">MinGW</a> and
|
||
|
|
<a href="http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/" target="_top">djgpp</a>
|
||
|
|
Windows compilers, but probably not with most others,
|
||
|
|
where it's only intended as a "template". <br>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Explanation: mimeTeX writes gif bytes directly to stdout, as usual
|
||
|
|
for cgi's. But Windows treats stdout as a character stream,
|
||
|
|
interpreting any hex 0A byte as an <lf>, and automatically
|
||
|
|
preceding it with a spurious hex 0D <cr> byte. The
|
||
|
|
-DWINDOWS switch compiles in a non-portable, Windows-specific
|
||
|
|
_setmode() call that sets stdout to binary mode. </li>
|
||
|
|
<li> If you're compiling for Windows and would prefer
|
||
|
|
to install mimeTeX as a Win32 DLL, see the
|
||
|
|
<a href="http://www.codeproject.com/dotnet/Eq2Img.asp">
|
||
|
|
Code Project</a> developed by
|
||
|
|
<a href="http://www.shitalshah.com">Shital Shah</a>, and
|
||
|
|
download <a href="http://www.shitalshah.com/dev/eq2img_all.zip">
|
||
|
|
eq2img_all.zip</a> containing Shital's latest code. </li>
|
||
|
|
<!-- <li> If you're compiling on Sun or VMS, and see about a zillion
|
||
|
|
irritating warnings, try adding <b>-DSIGNEDCHAR</b>
|
||
|
|
(for VMS, that's cc/define=(AA,SIGNEDCHAR) mimetex.c) </li> -->
|
||
|
|
</ul> <br> </li>
|
||
|
|
<li> The gfuntype program is only needed if you plan to change the
|
||
|
|
font information in texfonts.h, as explained in
|
||
|
|
<a href="#fonts">Appendix IVa</a> below.
|
||
|
|
In that case, compile gfuntype with the command <br>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>cc gfuntype.c mimetex.c -lm -o gfuntype</b> </li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
<p> That's all there is to compiling mimeTeX.
|
||
|
|
Several other optional compile-line <a href="#options">options</a>
|
||
|
|
available for mimetex.c are discussed below. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Immediately after compiling mimeTeX, test your new executable
|
||
|
|
by typing <b>./mimetex.cgi "x^2+y^2"</b>
|
||
|
|
from the Unix shell (or <b>mimetex "x^2+y^2"</b>
|
||
|
|
from the Windows Command Prompt), which should emit
|
||
|
|
two "ascii rasters" something like the following </p> <pre>
|
||
|
|
Ascii dump of bitmap image... Hex dump of colormap indexes...
|
||
|
|
...........**....................**... ..........1**1...................1**1..
|
||
|
|
..........*..*......*...........*..*.. ..........*23*......*............*23*..
|
||
|
|
.............*......*..............*.. .............*......*...............*..
|
||
|
|
....****.....*......*.....*..*.....*.. ...1****....2*......*.....2*..*....2*..
|
||
|
|
...*.*.*....*.......*....**..*....*... ...*.*.*...1*.......*.....**..*...1*...
|
||
|
|
.....*.....*.*..********..*..*...*.*.. ....1*1...2*.*..********..3*..*..2*.*..
|
||
|
|
.....*....****......*.....*..*..****.. ....2*2...****......*......*12*..****..
|
||
|
|
..*.*.*.............*.....*.*......... ..*.*.*.............*......*.*2........
|
||
|
|
...****.............*.....***......... ..1****.............*......***.........
|
||
|
|
....................*.......*......... ....................*........*.........
|
||
|
|
.........................*.*.......... ..........................*.*1.........
|
||
|
|
.........................**........... ..........................**1..........
|
||
|
|
The 5 colormap indexes denote rgb vals...
|
||
|
|
.-->255 1-->196 2-->186 3-->177 *-->0</pre>
|
||
|
|
<p class="continue"> <b>(</b>The right-hand illustration shows asterisks
|
||
|
|
in the same positions as the left-hand one, along with anti-aliased
|
||
|
|
grayscale colormap indexes assigned to neighboring pixels, and with
|
||
|
|
the rgb value for each index.<b>)</b> Just typing <b>./mimetex.cgi</b>
|
||
|
|
without an argument should produce ascii rasters for the default
|
||
|
|
expression <b>f(x)=x^2</b>. If you see these two ascii rasters then
|
||
|
|
your binary's good. Otherwise, you must find and fix the problem
|
||
|
|
before proceeding. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h2> <a name="install"> (IIb) Install </a> </h2>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Once you've successfully tested mimetex.cgi from the Unix shell
|
||
|
|
(or mimetex.exe from the Windows Command Prompt),
|
||
|
|
the steps needed to install mimeTeX are </p>
|
||
|
|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li> <b>mv</b> mimetex.cgi (or <b>move</b> mimetex.exe)
|
||
|
|
to your server's <b>cgi-bin/</b> directory, wherever cgi
|
||
|
|
programs are expected. </li>
|
||
|
|
<li> Now you may need to <b>chmod 755 mimetex.cgi</b>
|
||
|
|
and/or <b>chown</b> it, too, depending on your server's
|
||
|
|
requirements. Contact your system administrator or ISP
|
||
|
|
if you're not already familiar with this information. </li>
|
||
|
|
<li> Once mimetex.cgi is moved to your server's <b>cgi-bin/</b>
|
||
|
|
directory, with permissions and owner set as necessary,
|
||
|
|
you're all done. </li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Immediately after installing mimeTeX, test your new mimetex.cgi
|
||
|
|
by typing a url into your browser's locator window something like <br>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<b>http://www.<i>yourdomain</i>.com/cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?x^2+y^2</b> <br>
|
||
|
|
which should display
|
||
|
|
<img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize x^2+y^2" alt="" border=0
|
||
|
|
align=middle> in the upper-left corner of your window,
|
||
|
|
just like clicking this link does, which tests my mimetex.cgi, <br>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a href="http://www.forkosh.com/cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?x^2+y^2"
|
||
|
|
target="_top">http://www.forkosh.com/cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?x^2+y^2</a><br>
|
||
|
|
If you see the same <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?
|
||
|
|
\normalsize x^2+y^2" alt="" border=0 align=middle> image
|
||
|
|
from the <b><i>yourdomain</i></b> link, then you've completed
|
||
|
|
a successful mimeTeX installation. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> If you don't see the image, then your installation failed.
|
||
|
|
If your earlier post-compilation "ascii raster" test
|
||
|
|
succeeeded, then the problem is probably some server-specific
|
||
|
|
installation requirement. First make sure you installed mimetex.cgi
|
||
|
|
in the correct <b>cgi-bin/</b> directory, set the correct <b>chmod</b>
|
||
|
|
permissions, and typed the correct url into your browser's locator
|
||
|
|
window. Then contact your system administrator or ISP,
|
||
|
|
and ask how to install cgi programs on your server. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> After you've successfully installed mimeTeX, and both preceeding tests
|
||
|
|
have succeeded, you can optionally "regression test"
|
||
|
|
all mimeTeX features as follows: </p>
|
||
|
|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li> <b>mv</b> mimetex.html (this file) to your server's
|
||
|
|
<b>htdocs/</b> directory </li>
|
||
|
|
<li> Paths to <b>cgi-bin/</b> and <b>htdocs/</b> directories
|
||
|
|
are typically <b><i>path</i>/www/cgi-bin/</b> and
|
||
|
|
<b><i>path</i>/www/htdocs/</b>, so I set up mimtex.html
|
||
|
|
to access mimetex.cgi from the relative path <b>../cgi-bin/</b>.
|
||
|
|
If your directories are non-conforming, you may have to edit
|
||
|
|
the few dozen occurrences of <b>../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi</b>
|
||
|
|
in your mimetex.html page. Sometimes a suitable symlink works;
|
||
|
|
if not, you'll have to edit. Globally changing
|
||
|
|
<b>../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi</b> usually works. </li>
|
||
|
|
<li> Now visit your page
|
||
|
|
<b>http://www.<i>yourdomain</i>.com/mimetex.html</b> </li>
|
||
|
|
<li> Once your mimetex.html displays properly, you can assume
|
||
|
|
everything is working, and can begin authoring html documents
|
||
|
|
using mimetex.cgi to render your own math. </li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> That's all there is to installing mimeTeX. </p>.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h2> <a name="options"> (IIc) Additional Compile-Line Options </a></h2>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> In addition to -DAA or -DGIF or -DXBITMAP (along with -DWINDOWS
|
||
|
|
when necessary) on the mimetex.c compile line, as discussed above,
|
||
|
|
you may also optionally include the following -D switches,
|
||
|
|
whose functionality is discussed below. </p>
|
||
|
|
<dl>
|
||
|
|
<dt> <b>-DAA</b> </dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd> As already discussed, -DAA turns on anti-aliasing.
|
||
|
|
It also sets default values for individual anti-aliasing
|
||
|
|
parameters discussed below. If you specify -DAA
|
||
|
|
then you needn't specify the individual parameters unless
|
||
|
|
you want to override the defaults. <br>
|
||
|
|
Anti-aliasing can't be applied to mime
|
||
|
|
xbitmaps, so don't specify -DAA if you also specify -DXBITMAP. <br>
|
||
|
|
And mimeTeX's anti-aliasing only works
|
||
|
|
well on white (or light gray) backgrounds. Your html file
|
||
|
|
probably contains a <body> tag of the form
|
||
|
|
<body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000">
|
||
|
|
which specifies black text on a pure white background.
|
||
|
|
The background can be grayed down to maybe bgcolor="#e7e7e7",
|
||
|
|
but much darker will begin to show white rings around
|
||
|
|
mimeTeX's anti-aliased characters. This page is displayed
|
||
|
|
using bgcolor="#ffffff". </dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt> <b>-DCENTERWT=<i>n</i> <br>
|
||
|
|
-DADJACENTWT=<i>j</i> <br>
|
||
|
|
-DCORNERWT=<i>k</i></b> </dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd> MimeTeX currently provides a lowpass filtering
|
||
|
|
algorithm for anti-aliasing, which is applied to the
|
||
|
|
existing set of bitmap fonts. This lowpass filter applies
|
||
|
|
weights <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?
|
||
|
|
\tiny\begin{pmatrix}1&2&1\\2&\,8\,&2\\1&2&1\end{pmatrix}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle> to neighboring pixels. The defaults
|
||
|
|
weights are CENTERWT=8, ADJACENTWT=2 and CORNERWT=1,
|
||
|
|
which you can adjust to control anti-aliasing. </dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt> <b>-DCACHEPATH=\"<i>path/</i>\"</b> </dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd> This option saves each rendered image to a file in directory
|
||
|
|
<b><i>path/</i></b>, which mimeTeX reads rather than
|
||
|
|
re-rendering the same image every time it's given
|
||
|
|
the same LaTeX expression. Sometimes mimeTeX disables caching,
|
||
|
|
e.g., expressions containing <b>\input{ }</b> are
|
||
|
|
re-rendered since the contents of the inputted file may have
|
||
|
|
changed. If compiled without <b>-DCACHEPATH=\"<i>path/</i>\"</b>
|
||
|
|
mimeTeX always re-renders expressions. This usually isn't too
|
||
|
|
cpu intensive, but if you have unusually high hit rates then
|
||
|
|
image caching may be helpful. The <b><i>path/</i></b>
|
||
|
|
is relative to mimetex.cgi, and must be writable by it.
|
||
|
|
Files created under <b><i>path/</i></b> are named
|
||
|
|
<b><i>filename</i>.gif</b>, where <b><i>filename</i></b>
|
||
|
|
is the 32-character MD5 hash of the LaTeX expression. <br>
|
||
|
|
When caching a new image, mimeTeX also
|
||
|
|
updates the file <b><i>path/</i>mimetex.log</b> containing
|
||
|
|
a timestamp, filename and LaTeX expression for each new file
|
||
|
|
created. A sample entry looks like
|
||
|
|
<pre>---------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
|
2004-08-07:09:00:53am f8ccc8dd93c8eeb1d9c40b353ef781e0.gif
|
||
|
|
\LARGE x=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}
|
||
|
|
---------------------------------------------------------------------</pre></dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><b>-DDEFAULTSIZE=<i>n</i></b> </dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd> MimeTeX currently has eight font sizes numbered 0-7,
|
||
|
|
and always starts out in DEFAULTSIZE, whose default value is 3.
|
||
|
|
Specify -DDEFAULTSIZE=2 on the compile line if you prefer
|
||
|
|
mimeTeX to start in default size 2, etc. </dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><b>-DDISPLAYSIZE=<i>n</i></b> </dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd> By default, operator limits like <b>\int_a^b</b> are rendered
|
||
|
|
<b>\textstyle</b> <a href="#preview">
|
||
|
|
<img id="displaysize1" onclick="eqntext('displaysize1')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?
|
||
|
|
\normalsize\displaystyle\int\nolimits_a^b"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> at font sizes <b>\normalsize</b>
|
||
|
|
and smaller, and rendered <b>\displaystyle</b> <a href="#preview">
|
||
|
|
<img id="displaysize2" onclick="eqntext('displaysize2')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\int_a^b"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> at font sizes <b>\large</b> and
|
||
|
|
larger. This default corresponds to <b>-DDISPLAYSIZE=3</b>,
|
||
|
|
which you can adjust; e.g., <b>-DDISPLAYSIZE=0</b> always defaults
|
||
|
|
to <b>\displaystyle</b>, and <b>99</b> (or any large number)
|
||
|
|
always defaults to <b>\textstyle</b>. Note that explicit
|
||
|
|
<b>\textstyle</b>, <b>\displaystyle</b>, <b>\limits</b> or
|
||
|
|
<b>\nolimits</b> directives in an expression always override
|
||
|
|
the <b>DISPLAYSIZE</b> default. </dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><b>-DNEWCOMMANDS=\"<i>newcommands.h</i>\"</b> </dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd> LaTeX-like <b>\newcommand</b>'s are available in mimeTeX,
|
||
|
|
via the following facility to help you define your
|
||
|
|
own "new commands" during compilation. Edit a file named
|
||
|
|
newcommands.h (or any filename you specify between
|
||
|
|
<b>\"...\"</b>'s with the <b>-DNEWCOMMANDS=\"<i>filename</i>\"</b>
|
||
|
|
switch). For newcommands _without_
|
||
|
|
arguments, your file should contain one or more lines
|
||
|
|
like the following examples:
|
||
|
|
<pre>{ "\\iint", NULL, "{\\int\\int}" },
|
||
|
|
{ "\\rightleftharpoons",NULL,"{\\rightharpoonup\\atop\\leftharpoondown}" },
|
||
|
|
{ "\\ldots", NULL, "{\\Large.\\hspace1.\\hspace1.}" },
|
||
|
|
{ "\\cr", NULL, "\\\\" },
|
||
|
|
{ "\\neq", NULL, "{\\not=}" },</pre>
|
||
|
|
For newcommands _without_ arguments, as illustrated above,
|
||
|
|
the general form of each line in your file should be
|
||
|
|
<b>{ "\\<i>command</i>", NULL, "{<i>replacement</i>}" },</b>
|
||
|
|
Don't forget a comma at the end of every line,
|
||
|
|
and write a double backslash <b>\\</b>
|
||
|
|
between quotes <b>"...\\..."</b> wherever you actually
|
||
|
|
want a single backslash <b>\</b>. The only effect
|
||
|
|
of the above examples (without arguments) is simple string
|
||
|
|
substitution, i.e., every occurrence of <b>\<i>command</i></b>
|
||
|
|
is replaced by <b>{<i>replacement</i>}</b>. Note that the
|
||
|
|
<b>{ }</b>'s surrounding <b><i>replacement</i></b>
|
||
|
|
aren't required, but are usually a good idea (the case
|
||
|
|
of <b>\cr</b> illustrated above is one exception, where
|
||
|
|
<b>{ }</b>'s would defeat the purpose).
|
||
|
|
<br> To define newcommands _with_ arguments,
|
||
|
|
change the <b>NULL</b> after the <b>\\<i>command</i></b>
|
||
|
|
to define your command's arguments as illustrated by the
|
||
|
|
following example:
|
||
|
|
<pre>{ "\\lvec", "2n", "#2_1,\\cdots,#2_{#1}" },</pre>
|
||
|
|
In this case the <b>NULL</b> has been replaced by <b>"2n"</b>
|
||
|
|
(note the mandatory surrounding quotes <b>"..."</b>). This
|
||
|
|
example corresponds to the similar one discussed in TLC2 on
|
||
|
|
page 845. The first character inside the <b>"..."</b>s is
|
||
|
|
<b>2</b> indicating the number of arguments,
|
||
|
|
which may be <b>1</b> thru <b>9</b>. If there are no
|
||
|
|
subsequent characters followng this one, then all arguments are
|
||
|
|
mandatory, enclosed in <b>{ }</b>'s as usual. Otherwise,
|
||
|
|
any subsequent characters signal that the first argument
|
||
|
|
is optional, enclosed in <b>[ ]</b>'s if given. And
|
||
|
|
these subsequent characters comprise the first argument's
|
||
|
|
default value if it's not explicitly given. The illustrated
|
||
|
|
example's first argument is optional with default value
|
||
|
|
<b>n</b> as shown. In this case that's just a single
|
||
|
|
character, but you can write any length default you like.
|
||
|
|
<br> To see many additional examples, search for the
|
||
|
|
uppercase string NEWCOMMANDS in mimetex.c, and look below that.
|
||
|
|
All the above examples are already there. </dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt> <b>-DPATHPREFIX=\"<i>path/</i>\"</b> </dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd> The <a href="#input">\input{ }</a> and
|
||
|
|
<a href="#counter">\counter{ }</a> commands discussed below
|
||
|
|
require filename arguments which, by default, point to files
|
||
|
|
residing in the same cgi-bin/ directory as your mimetex.cgi.
|
||
|
|
Moreover, for security, absolute paths with leading <b>/</b>'s
|
||
|
|
or <b>\</b>'s, and paths with <b>../</b>'s or <b>..\</b>'s,
|
||
|
|
are not permitted. Instead, compile mimetex with PATHPREFIX
|
||
|
|
defined as <i>path</i><b>/</b> if you want input files in some
|
||
|
|
other directory. And make sure your <i>path</i><b>/</b> ends
|
||
|
|
with <b>/</b> (or with <b>\</b> for Windows). </dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt> <b>-DREFERER=\"<i>domain</i>\" or <br>
|
||
|
|
-DREFERER=\"<i>domain1,domain2,etc</i>\"</b> </dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd> Blocks mimeTeX requests from unauthorized domains that
|
||
|
|
are using your mimetex.cgi (hence your server's resources)
|
||
|
|
without permission. <br>
|
||
|
|
If REFERER is defined, mimeTeX
|
||
|
|
performs a case-insensitive test of the environment variable
|
||
|
|
HTTP_REFERER to verify that it contains the authorized 'domain'
|
||
|
|
as a substring. <br>
|
||
|
|
If given several 'domain's (second form)
|
||
|
|
then HTTP_REFERER must contain either 'domain1' or
|
||
|
|
'domain2', or etc, as a (case-insensitive) substring. <br>
|
||
|
|
If HTTP_REFERER doesn't contain a substring
|
||
|
|
matching any of these domain(s), then mimeTeX emits an error
|
||
|
|
message image instead of the requested image. You can manually
|
||
|
|
modify invalid_referer_msg, defined in function main(),
|
||
|
|
to personalize the error message for your own site. <br>
|
||
|
|
Finally, if HTTP_REFERER is not found as
|
||
|
|
an environment variable, then mimeTeX correctly generates the
|
||
|
|
requested image instead of generating an error. </dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><b>-DSECURITY=<i>n</i></b> </dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd> This is essentially a "paranoid" setting that defaults
|
||
|
|
to a high value 999, which inhibits some optional logging
|
||
|
|
activity. <b>-DCACHEPATH=<i>path</i>/</b> isn't affected,
|
||
|
|
since you're explicitly supplying a <b><i>path</i>/</b>
|
||
|
|
you want files written to. But, for example, you must set
|
||
|
|
<b>-DSECURITY=5</b> (or less) to permit the <b>\counter</b>
|
||
|
|
command to create a new counter file. A malicious user
|
||
|
|
could conceivably flood your file system by submitting
|
||
|
|
zillions of <b>\counter{<i>filename</i>}</b> commands
|
||
|
|
to mimeTeX, each with a different <b><i>filename</i></b>. </dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt><b>-DSMASHMARGIN=<i>n</i> or <br>
|
||
|
|
-DNOSMASH</b> </dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd> TeX typically renders an expression like
|
||
|
|
<b>\frac12\int_{a+b+c}^{d+e+f}g(x)dx</b> as <a href="#preview">
|
||
|
|
<img id="nosmash1" onclick="eqntext('nosmash1')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\displaystyle
|
||
|
|
\nosmash\frac12\int_{a+b+c}^{d+e+f}g(x)dx"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>. MimeTeX tries to remove extra
|
||
|
|
whitespace, rendering the same expression as <a href="#preview">
|
||
|
|
<img id="nosmash2" onclick="eqntext('nosmash2')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\displaystyle
|
||
|
|
\smash\frac12\int_{a+b+c}^{d+e+f}{g(x)}dx"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> instead.
|
||
|
|
Compile with <b>-DNOSMASH</b> if you prefer the typical TeX
|
||
|
|
behavior as mimeTeX's default. Or, to adjust the minimum
|
||
|
|
number of pixels between smashed symbols (default is 3),
|
||
|
|
compile with <b>-DSMASHMARGIN=<i>n</i></b>.
|
||
|
|
See <a href="#smash">Smash</a> for further discussion. </dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt> <b>-DWARNINGS=<i>n</i> or <br>
|
||
|
|
-DNOWARNINGS</b> </dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd> If an expression submitted to mimeTeX contains an
|
||
|
|
unrecognzied escape sequence, e.g., "y=x+\abc+1", then
|
||
|
|
mimeTeX generates a gif image containing an embedded
|
||
|
|
warning in the form "y=x+[\abc?]+1". Or, if an expression
|
||
|
|
contains an unrecognized character, i.e., one for which mimeTeX
|
||
|
|
has no corresponding bitmap, then the embedded warning is [?].
|
||
|
|
If you want these warnings suppressed, either <b>-DWARNINGS=0</b>
|
||
|
|
or <b>-DNOWARNINGS</b> on the compile line tells mimeTeX to treat
|
||
|
|
unrecognized/undisplayable input as white space. </dd>
|
||
|
|
<dt> <b>-DWHITE</b> </dt>
|
||
|
|
<dd> MimeTeX usually renders black symbols on a white
|
||
|
|
background. This option renders white symbols on
|
||
|
|
a black background instead. </dd>
|
||
|
|
</dl>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h2> <a name="cmdline"> (IId) Command Line Features </a> </h2>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> MimeTeX usually runs from a browser, obtaining its input expression
|
||
|
|
from a query_string. But you can also run mimeTeX from your Unix
|
||
|
|
shell, supplying all input from the command line. This was briefly
|
||
|
|
illustrated above, where you were advised to test your newly-compiled
|
||
|
|
mimeTeX executable from the command line before installing it. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> In addition to such simple testing, mimeTeX also provides some
|
||
|
|
possibly useful functionality from the command line. In particular,
|
||
|
|
you can store a gif (or xbitmap) image of any expression to a file.
|
||
|
|
No syntax checking is applied to command-line arguments, so enter
|
||
|
|
them carefully. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> The complete command-line syntax for mimeTeX is </p>
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
./mimetex [ -d ] dump gif image on stdout,
|
||
|
|
[ -e export_file ] or write gif image to export_file
|
||
|
|
[ expression expression, e.g., "x^2+y^2",
|
||
|
|
| -f input_file ] or read expression from input_file
|
||
|
|
[ -g1 -d ] dump .pbm-formatted image on stdout
|
||
|
|
[ -g1 -e export_file ] or write .pbm image to export_file
|
||
|
|
[ -g2 -d ] dump anti-aliased .pgm image on stdout
|
||
|
|
[ -g2 -e export_file ] or write .pgm image to export_file
|
||
|
|
[ -m msglevel ] verbosity of debugging output
|
||
|
|
[ -o ] render image with opaque background
|
||
|
|
[ -s fontsize ] default fontsize, 0-5
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
-d Rather than printing ascii debugging output, mimeTeX
|
||
|
|
dumps the actual gif (or xbitmap) to stdout, e.g.,
|
||
|
|
./mimetex -d "x^2+y^2" > expression.gif
|
||
|
|
creates expression.gif containing an image of x^2+y^2
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
-e export_file Like -d but writes the actual gif
|
||
|
|
(or xbitmap) directly to export_file, e.g.,
|
||
|
|
./mimetex -e expression.gif "x^2+y^2"
|
||
|
|
creates file expression.gif containing an image of x^2+y^2
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
expression Place LaTeX expression directly on command
|
||
|
|
line, with no -switch preceding it, as in the example
|
||
|
|
immediately above, or.....
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
-f input_file .....read expression from input_file
|
||
|
|
(and automatically assume -d switch). The input_file
|
||
|
|
may contain the expression on one line or spread out
|
||
|
|
over many lines. MimeTeX will concatanate all lines
|
||
|
|
from input_file to construct one long expression.
|
||
|
|
Blanks, tabs, and newlines are just ignored.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
-g1 -d dumps a .pbm-formatted portable bitmap image to stdout.
|
||
|
|
Note that this is the bitmap image _before_ anti-aliasing.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
-g1 -e export_file Like -g1 -d but writes the .pbm-formatted
|
||
|
|
portable bitmap directly to export_file, e.g.,
|
||
|
|
./mimetex -g1 -e expression.pbm "x^2+y^2"
|
||
|
|
creates file expression.pbm containing a bitmap image
|
||
|
|
of x^2+y^2 before anti-aliasing.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
-g2 -d dumps a .pgm-formatted portable graphic image to stdout.
|
||
|
|
Note that this is the bytemap image _after_ anti-aliasing.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
-g2 -e export_file Like -g2 -d but writes the .pgm-formatted
|
||
|
|
portable graphic image directly to export_file, e.g.,
|
||
|
|
./mimetex -g3 -e expression.pgm "x^2+y^2"
|
||
|
|
creates file expression.pgm containing a bytemap image
|
||
|
|
of x^2+y^2 after anti-aliasing.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
-m msglevel 0-99, controls verbosity/message level for
|
||
|
|
debugging output (usually used only while testing code).
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
-o Rather than the default transparent gif background,
|
||
|
|
the rendered image will contain black symbols on an
|
||
|
|
opaque white background (or vice versa if compiled
|
||
|
|
with -DWHITE). For example, if you have ImageMagick's
|
||
|
|
display utility,
|
||
|
|
./mimetex -o -d "x^2+y^2" | display &
|
||
|
|
opens a small window containing the rendered expression.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
-s fontsize 0-7, font size. Font size can also be specified
|
||
|
|
within the expression by a directive, e.g., \Large f(x)=x^2
|
||
|
|
displays f(x)=x^2 at font size 4, overriding -s.
|
||
|
|
Default font size is 3.
|
||
|
|
</pre>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<!-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
|
||
|
|
SECTION III. SYNTAX REFERENCE
|
||
|
|
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
|
||
|
|
<h1> <a name="reference"> (III) Syntax Reference </a> </h1>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Since mimeTeX's syntax is as TeX-like as possible, we'll mostly discuss
|
||
|
|
the occasional differences.
|
||
|
|
<!-- (which exist only to simplify my programming
|
||
|
|
task, not to impose any syntactic aesthetics of mine on you). -->
|
||
|
|
This section contains short paragraphs that each discuss some aspect
|
||
|
|
of mimeTeX where your LaTeX experience might not be precisely
|
||
|
|
duplicated. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Anything not discussed here that still doesn't behave like you expect
|
||
|
|
is probably just not implemented. That includes (La)TeX packages
|
||
|
|
(though a few ams commands like \begin{gather} and \begin{pmatrix}
|
||
|
|
are recognized), non-standard fonts, etc. You can try out any
|
||
|
|
questionable syntax by <a href="#forminput">Submit</a>ting a query
|
||
|
|
to quickly see whether or not it works. And you might want to
|
||
|
|
occasionally re-browse the <a href="#examples">Examples</a> above,
|
||
|
|
which may better illustrate implemented features. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h2> <a name="spaces"> (IIIa) \unitlength{ }, Math Spaces and Whitespace
|
||
|
|
</a> </h2>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h3> <a name="unitlength">\unitlength<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Lengths in mimeTeX are all ultimately expressed in number of pixels.
|
||
|
|
Various commands discussed below require length arguments, including </p>
|
||
|
|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li> <a href="#mathspace">\hspace{ }</a> </li>
|
||
|
|
<li> <a href="#mathspace">\hfill{ }</a> </li>
|
||
|
|
<li> <a href="#raiserotate">\raisebox{ }{ }</a> </li>
|
||
|
|
<li> <a href="#circleline">\line( , )</a> and
|
||
|
|
<a href="#circleline">\circle( , )</a> </li>
|
||
|
|
<li> <a href="#arrows">\longrightarrow[ ]</a> </li>
|
||
|
|
</ul> <p class="continue">
|
||
|
|
(the \long<i>xxx</i>arrow [ ]-arguments are optional mimeTeX
|
||
|
|
extensions to LaTeX) MimeTeX's length-type arguments never
|
||
|
|
take units, e.g., {10pt} and {1cm} are both invalid. Lengths always
|
||
|
|
refer to number of pixels, optionally scaled by a user-specified
|
||
|
|
<b>\unitlength</b>. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> MimeTeX's <b>\unitlength{ }</b> command lets you specify
|
||
|
|
the number of pixels per "length unit", e.g.,
|
||
|
|
<b>\unitlength{10} \hspace{2.5}</b> renders a 25-pixel space.
|
||
|
|
Both <b>\unitlength{ }</b> and <b>\hspace{ }</b>'s
|
||
|
|
length arguments may be integers or may contain decimal points.
|
||
|
|
Ditto for all other mimeTeX commands that take length arguments.
|
||
|
|
The default <b>\unitlength</b> is, you guessed it, <b>1</b>. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> A specified <b>\unitlength</b> applies to all subsequent terms,
|
||
|
|
i.e., everything to its right. And several <b>\unitlength</b>'s
|
||
|
|
may be specified in the same expression, each one overriding
|
||
|
|
those to its left. But if one or more <b>\unitlength</b>'s
|
||
|
|
appear within a <b>{ }</b>-enclosed subexpression, then terms
|
||
|
|
following its closing right <b>}</b> revert to the <b>\unitlength</b>
|
||
|
|
in effect before its opening left <b>{</b>. For example, </p> <center>
|
||
|
|
<b>A\hspace{10} {\unitlength{2.5}B\hspace{10}C} \hspace{10}D</b>
|
||
|
|
produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="unitlength1" onclick="eqntext('unitlength1')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large A\hspace{10}
|
||
|
|
{\unitlength{2.5}B\hspace{10}C}\hspace{10}D"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> <p class="continue">
|
||
|
|
which has a 10-pixel space between <b>A</b> and <b>B</b>, then
|
||
|
|
25 pixels between <b>B</b> and <b>C</b>, and finally
|
||
|
|
another 10 pixels between <b>C</b> and <b>D</b>. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h3> <a name="mathspace">Math Spaces<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Except inside <a href="#textboxes">text boxes</a>,
|
||
|
|
unescaped blanks, tildes (a <b>~</b>), and all other usual
|
||
|
|
<a href="#whitespace">whitespace</a> characters are completely
|
||
|
|
ignored by mimeTeX, just like they are in LaTeX math mode.
|
||
|
|
As usual, you must explicitly write one of the recognized math
|
||
|
|
spaces to put extra visible space in your rendered expressions. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> MimeTeX recognizes math spaces <b>\, \: \;</b> as well as
|
||
|
|
<b>\/</b> and <b>\quad</b> and <b>\qquad</b> . You may also
|
||
|
|
write <b>\hspace{10}</b> to insert a 10-pixel (or any other number)
|
||
|
|
space, scaled by any preceding <a href="#unitlength">\unitlength</a>,
|
||
|
|
as illustrated just above. There are no negative spaces. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Although some browsers occasionally misinterpret typed blank spaces
|
||
|
|
inside html query_string's, mimeTeX also recognizes escaped blanks
|
||
|
|
<img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\small\backsl\raise{-5}{\rotate{-90}]}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle> (a <b>\</b> followed by a blank) as math
|
||
|
|
spaces, just in case you can safely use them. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> MimeTeX also supports <b>\hfill{<i>textwidth</i>}</b>, where
|
||
|
|
<b><i>textwidth</i></b> is roughly equivalent to LaTeX's
|
||
|
|
<b>\textwidth</b>, i.e., it's the total number of pixels, scaled by
|
||
|
|
<a href="#unitlength">\unitlength</a>, that your entire rendered
|
||
|
|
expression will span. However, if <b>\hfill{ }</b> appears
|
||
|
|
within a <b>{ }</b>-enclosed subexpression, then it applies
|
||
|
|
only to that subexpression. For example, </p> <center>
|
||
|
|
<b>{abc \hfill{50} def} \hfill{100} ghi</b>
|
||
|
|
produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="mathspace1" onclick="eqntext('mathspace1')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large{abc\hfill{50}def}\hfill{100}ghi"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> <p class="continue">
|
||
|
|
The first/inner <b>\hfill{50}</b> inserts exactly enough whitespace so
|
||
|
|
that subexpression "<b><i>abc def</i></b>" spans 50 pixels.
|
||
|
|
Then the second/outer <b>\hfill{100}</b> inserts exactly enough
|
||
|
|
whitespace so that the entire expression spans 100 pixels.
|
||
|
|
Without explicit <b>{ }</b>-nesting, mimeTeX evaluates expressions
|
||
|
|
left-to-right (sinistrally), e.g., <b>...\hfill{100}...\hfill{50}...</b>
|
||
|
|
is exactly equivalent to <b>...\hfill{100}{...\hfill{50}...}</b>.
|
||
|
|
Notice that, this time, the second/right <b><i>textwidth</i></b>
|
||
|
|
argument is necessarily smaller than the first/left. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Finally, mimeTeX begins a new line whenever you write <b>\\</b> .
|
||
|
|
And you may optionally write <b>\\[10]</b> to put a 10-pixel (or any
|
||
|
|
other number) vertical space, scaled by
|
||
|
|
<a href="#unitlength">\unitlength</a>, between lines.
|
||
|
|
<a href="#array">\begin{eqnarray}</a> also splits long
|
||
|
|
equations over several lines, as illustrated by
|
||
|
|
<a href="#example10">Example 10</a> above.
|
||
|
|
But when that's not the best solution, you can also write,
|
||
|
|
for example, </p> <center>
|
||
|
|
<b>y=a+b+c+d\\\hspace{50}+e+f+g+h</b>
|
||
|
|
to produce
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="mathspace2" onclick="eqntext('mathspace2')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large y=a+b+c+d\\\hspace{50}+e+f+g+h"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> However, mimeTeX can't correctly handle automatically-sized delimiters
|
||
|
|
across linebreaks, e.g., </p> <center>
|
||
|
|
<b>y=\left\{a+b+c+d\\\hspace{50}+e+f+g+h\right\}</b>
|
||
|
|
produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="mathspace3" onclick="eqntext('mathspace3')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large y=\{a+b+c+d\\
|
||
|
|
\hspace{50}+e+f+g+h\}" alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> <br>
|
||
|
|
whereas you probably wanted
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="mathspace4" onclick="eqntext('mathspace4')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large y=\big{a+b+c+d\\
|
||
|
|
\hspace{50}+e+f+g+h\big}" alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>
|
||
|
|
</center> <p class="continue">
|
||
|
|
which I produced using <b>\big{...\\...\big}</b> instead
|
||
|
|
of <b>\left\{...\\...\right\}</b>. Expressions of the
|
||
|
|
form <b>\left...\right \\ \left...\right</b> should all be
|
||
|
|
rendered properly. It's only <b>\left...\\...\right</b> that will
|
||
|
|
look odd. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h3> <a name="whitespace">Whitespace, Comments,
|
||
|
|
and some other characters<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Some browsers occasionally misinterpret typed blank spaces
|
||
|
|
inside html query_string's. In that case, you can write
|
||
|
|
tildes (a <b>~</b>) wherever blanks are required or desired,
|
||
|
|
e.g., <b>\alpha~w</b> instead of <b>\alpha w</b>, or
|
||
|
|
<b>\frac~xy</b> or <b>\sqrt~z</b>, etc. MimeTeX correctly
|
||
|
|
interprets both blanks and <b>~</b>'s, and all
|
||
|
|
other usual whitespace characters. So use whatever's convenient
|
||
|
|
as long as it's correctly interpreted inside query_string's by your
|
||
|
|
browser. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Similarly, some browsers occasionally misinterpret linebreaks/newlines
|
||
|
|
inside the middle of long html query_string's.
|
||
|
|
For example, </p>
|
||
|
|
<pre><img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?f(x)=\frac1{\sigma\sqrt{2\pi}}
|
||
|
|
\int\limits_{-\infty}^xe^{-\frac{(t-\mu)^2}{2\sig^2}}dt"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle> </pre><p class="continue">
|
||
|
|
breaks a long query_string over two lines. If your browser interprets
|
||
|
|
this correctly, then mimeTeX will render it correctly, too. Otherwise,
|
||
|
|
you'll have to enter long expressions on one big long line. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> If you can break long query_string's over several lines, then you may
|
||
|
|
find mimeTeX's <b>%%comments%%</b> feature useful, too. Note that
|
||
|
|
comments must be preceded <i>and followed</i> by two <b>%</b>'s
|
||
|
|
rather than LaTeX's usual one. The above example could be written </p>
|
||
|
|
<pre><img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?f(x)=\frac1{\sigma\sqrt{2\pi}} %%normalization%%
|
||
|
|
\int\limits_{-\infty}^xe^{-\frac{(t-\mu)^2}{2\sig^2}}dt %%integral%%"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle> </pre>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Besides whitespace, browsers may misinterpret embedded apostrophes,
|
||
|
|
and especially quotes, within query strings. The <b>a's</b> and
|
||
|
|
<b>b's</b> in <a href="#example7">Example 7</a> above actually use
|
||
|
|
superscripted commas for apostrophes, i.e., <b>a^,s</b> and <b>b^,s</b>,
|
||
|
|
and you can also use LaTeX <b>\prime</b>'s, as in <b>a^\prime s</b>.
|
||
|
|
For quotes, you can use <b>^{,,}</b> since <b>"</b> almost certainly
|
||
|
|
won't work. To help make things easier, in addition to the usual
|
||
|
|
LaTeX <b>\prime</b>, mimeTeX also recognizes <b>\apostrophe</b> and
|
||
|
|
<b>\quote</b> and <b>\percent</b>, all with the obvious meanings. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h2> <a name="symbols"> (IIIb) Math Symbols, Sizes, and Modes </a></h2>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h3> <a name="characters">Character Sets<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> For complete information about the characters and math symbols
|
||
|
|
available in mimeTeX, you'll need to browse through the bottom
|
||
|
|
500-or-so lines of <b>mimetex.h</b>. And several additional
|
||
|
|
symbols like <b>\ldots</b> and <b>\AA</b> and <b>\hbar</b> are
|
||
|
|
defined by the mimeTeX preprocessor, function <b>mimeprep( )</b>
|
||
|
|
in <b>mimetex.c</b> Generally speaking, I've tried to
|
||
|
|
encode the cmr10, cmmi10, cmmib10, cmsy10, cmex10, bbold10, rsfs10,
|
||
|
|
and stmary10 families with "names", e.g., <b>\alpha \beta
|
||
|
|
\forall \sqcup</b>, etc, identical to your LaTeX expectations.
|
||
|
|
For example, the calligraphic symbols in cmsy10 are accessed by
|
||
|
|
writing <b>\mathcal{A} \mathcal{B} \mathcal{XYZ}</b>. Similarly,
|
||
|
|
write <b>\mathbf{A}</b> for the cmmib fonts, write <b>\mathscr{A}</b>
|
||
|
|
for rsfs10, and write <b>\mathbb{R}</b> for bbold10.
|
||
|
|
And see stmaryrd.dvi or stmaryrd.sty, supplied with most LaTeX
|
||
|
|
distributions, for the names of the stmary10 symbols. </p>
|
||
|
|
<!-- But there are various additions and omissions and exceptions
|
||
|
|
vis-a-vis LaTeX. For example, </p>
|
||
|
|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li> "Large" operators like \int are often also available as
|
||
|
|
\Bigint, and similarly for \sum \prod \cup \cap, etc.
|
||
|
|
If you find a \Bigxxx in mimetex.h then you'll also find the
|
||
|
|
corresponding \xxx. \Bigxxx operators are somewhat larger
|
||
|
|
than their \xxx counterparts, and they automatically render
|
||
|
|
super/subscripts in <a href="#modes">displaystyle</a>. </li>
|
||
|
|
</ul> -->
|
||
|
|
<p> I haven't exhaustively checked all the name-number matchings for
|
||
|
|
the hundreds of symbols in mimetex.h. You can eaily correct
|
||
|
|
any minor mistake you find in what I hope is an obvious manner.
|
||
|
|
The fonts <a href="#fonts">Appendix IVa</a> below provides
|
||
|
|
additional information. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> In addition to extra LaTeX symbols like <b>\ldots</b>, <b>\AA</b>
|
||
|
|
and <b>\hbar</b>, mentioned above, the mimeTeX preprocessor
|
||
|
|
<b>mimeprep( )</b> also recognizes various html special
|
||
|
|
characters like <b>&lt;</b>, <b>&gt;</b>, <b>&nbsp;</b>,
|
||
|
|
<b>&quot;</b>, <b>&amp;</b>, etc. Some web tools apparently
|
||
|
|
translate characters like, e.g., <b>></b> to <b>&gt;</b>,
|
||
|
|
even inside quoted query_string's, so mimeTeX's preprocessor
|
||
|
|
translates them back to LaTeX symbols for you. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h3> <a name="sizes">Font Sizes<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> MimeTeX currently has eight font sizes, numbered 0-7, with default 3.
|
||
|
|
This font size numbering corresponds to the usual LaTeX directives
|
||
|
|
<b>\tiny</b>, <b>\small</b>, <b>\normalsize</b>,
|
||
|
|
<b>\large</b> (default), <b>\Large</b>,
|
||
|
|
<b>\LARGE</b>, <b>\huge</b> and <b>\Huge</b>.
|
||
|
|
These directives can be placed anywhere in a mimeTeX expression,
|
||
|
|
and they change font size from that point forwards. However, as usual,
|
||
|
|
a font size change inside a <b>{ }</b>-subexpression remains
|
||
|
|
in effect only within that subexpression. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> In mimeTeX you may also write <b>\fontsize{0}...\fontsize{7}</b> or
|
||
|
|
the shorter <b>\fs{0},...,\fs{7}</b> for <b>\tiny,...,\Huge</b>.
|
||
|
|
And since these arguments are all single digits, the even shorter
|
||
|
|
form <b>\fs0,...,\fs7</b> works equally well. For example, </p>
|
||
|
|
<center> <table cellpadding=0>
|
||
|
|
<tr align=center>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left"> <b>0</b>:
|
||
|
|
<img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?<b>\tiny</b> f(x)=x^2">
|
||
|
|
produces... </td>
|
||
|
|
<td> <a href="#preview"><img id="sizes0" onclick="eqntext('sizes0')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\tiny f(x)=x^2"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> </tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr align=center>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left"> <b>1</b>:
|
||
|
|
<img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?<b>\fs1</b> f(x)=x^2"> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td> <a href="#preview"><img id="sizes1" onclick="eqntext('sizes1')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\fs1 f(x)=x^2"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> </tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr align=center>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left"> <b>2</b>:
|
||
|
|
<img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?<b>\normalsize</b> f(x)=x^2"> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td> <a href="#preview"><img id="sizes1" onclick="eqntext('sizes1')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize f(x)=x^2"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> </tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr align=center>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left"> <b>3</b>:
|
||
|
|
<img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?<b></b>f(x)=x^2"> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td> <a href="#preview"><img id="sizes3" onclick="eqntext('sizes3')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?f(x)=x^2"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> </tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr align=center>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left"> <b>4</b>:
|
||
|
|
<img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?<b>\Large</b> f(x)=x^2"> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td> <a href="#preview"><img id="sizes4" onclick="eqntext('sizes4')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large f(x)=x^2"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> </tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr align=center>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left"> <b>5</b>:
|
||
|
|
<img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?<b>\fs5</b> f(x)=x^2"> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td> <a href="#preview"><img id="sizes5" onclick="eqntext('sizes5')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\fs5f(x)=x^2"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> </tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr align=center>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left"> <b>6</b>:
|
||
|
|
<img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?<b>\huge</b> f(x)=x^2"> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td> <a href="#preview"><img id="sizes6" onclick="eqntext('sizes6')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\huge f(x)=x^2"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> </tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr align=center>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left"> <b>7</b>:
|
||
|
|
<img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?<b>\fs7</b> f(x)=x^2"> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td> <a href="#preview"><img id="sizes7" onclick="eqntext('sizes7')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\fs7 f(x)=x^2"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td> </tr>
|
||
|
|
</table> </center> <p class="continue">
|
||
|
|
rendering <b>f(x)=x^2</b> in mimeTeX font sizes
|
||
|
|
<b>0</b> (\tiny or \fs0), <b>1</b> (\small or \fs1),
|
||
|
|
<b>2</b> (\normalsize or \fs2), <b>3</b> (default \large),
|
||
|
|
<b>4</b> (\Large or \fs4), <b>5</b> (\LARGE or \fs5),
|
||
|
|
<b>6</b> (\huge or \fs6) and <b>7</b> (\Huge or \fs7). </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> You'll soon notice that exponents and \frac's and \atop's
|
||
|
|
are automatically rendered one size smaller than their base
|
||
|
|
expressions. For example, </p> <center>
|
||
|
|
<b>\Large y=e^{x^2}</b> produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="sizes4" onclick="eqntext('sizes4')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large y=e^{x^2}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> <p class="continue">
|
||
|
|
rendering the <b>"y=e"</b> in font size 4 (\Large), the <b>"x"</b> in
|
||
|
|
font size 3 (\large), and the <b>"2"</b> in font size 2 (\normalsize).
|
||
|
|
If you get below font size 0, the font size remains 0. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Explicit size declarations override mimeTeX's default sizing behavior.
|
||
|
|
You can rewrite the preceding example as, say, </p> <center>
|
||
|
|
<b>\Large y=e^{\normalsize x^{\tiny2}}</b> which now produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="sizes5" onclick="eqntext('sizes5')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large y=e^{\normalsize x^{\tiny2}}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> <p class="continue">
|
||
|
|
rendering the <b>"y=e"</b> in font size 4 (\Large unchanged),
|
||
|
|
the <b>"x"</b> in font size 2 (\normalsize), and the <b>"2"</b>
|
||
|
|
in font size 0 (\tiny). </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Preceding an <b>\fs{ }</b> size argument with <b>+</b> or
|
||
|
|
<b>-</b> specifies "relative" sizing. For example,
|
||
|
|
<b>\large\text{abc{\fs{-2}def}ghi}</b> produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="sizes6" onclick="eqntext('sizes6')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\text{abc{\fs{-2}def}ghi}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>, rendering the <b>"def"</b>
|
||
|
|
in font size 1 (two sizes smaller than \large). Note that
|
||
|
|
<b>\fs{-2}</b> affects only the subexpression in which it appears,
|
||
|
|
and that its braces are no longer optional since <b>-2</b> contains
|
||
|
|
two characters. For exponents (or any other size-changing commands
|
||
|
|
like \frac), </p> <center>
|
||
|
|
<b>\Large y=e^{\fs{-1}x^2}</b> produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="sizes7" onclick="eqntext('sizes7')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large y=e^{\fs{-1}x^2}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> <p class="continue">
|
||
|
|
rendering the <b>"y=e"</b> in font size 4 (\Large), as usual.
|
||
|
|
The <b>"x"</b> would usually be rendered one size smaller,
|
||
|
|
in font size 3, and your <b>\fs{-1}</b> is applied to that,
|
||
|
|
resulting in font size 2. And the final <b>"2"</b> is rendered,
|
||
|
|
by the usual rules, one size smaller than the <b>"x"</b>,
|
||
|
|
in font size 1. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h3> <a name="modes">Modes<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> MimeTeX is always in a math-like mode, so you needn't surround
|
||
|
|
expressions with <b>$...$</b>'s for <b>\textstyle</b>,
|
||
|
|
or <b>$$...$$</b>'s for <b>\displaystyle</b>.
|
||
|
|
<!-- or <b>\[...\]</b>'s, etc. In fact, mimeTeX interprets <b>$</b>
|
||
|
|
as a "preamble" terminator (e.g., see <a href="#array">\array</a>
|
||
|
|
below), and interprets <b>\[...\]</b> as an abbreviation for
|
||
|
|
<b>\left[...\right]</b>. -->
|
||
|
|
By default, operator limits like <b>\int_a^b</b> are rendered
|
||
|
|
<b>\textstyle</b> <a href="#preview">
|
||
|
|
<img id="modes99a" onclick="eqntext('modes99a')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\int_a^b"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> at font sizes <b>\normalsize</b>
|
||
|
|
and smaller, and rendered <b>\displaystyle</b> <a href="#preview">
|
||
|
|
<img id="modes99b" onclick="eqntext('modes99b')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\int_a^b"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> at font sizes <b>\large</b> and
|
||
|
|
larger (see the <b>-DDISPLAYSIZE</b>
|
||
|
|
<a href="#options">compile option</a> to change this default).
|
||
|
|
And when <b>\displaystyle</b> is invoked (either implicitly at font size
|
||
|
|
<b>\large</b> or larger, or if you explicitly write <b>\displaystyle</b>
|
||
|
|
at any font size), then operators <b>\int</b>, <b>\sum</b>,
|
||
|
|
<b>\prod</b>, etc, are automatically promoted to larger sizes.
|
||
|
|
<!-- their <a href="#characters">\Bigxxx</a> counterparts. -->
|
||
|
|
<!-- Conversely, <b>\displaystyle</b> is applied to all
|
||
|
|
<a href="#characters">\Bigxxx</a> operators regardless of font size. -->
|
||
|
|
<!-- i.e., super/subscripts are placed directly above/below
|
||
|
|
<b>\Bigsum</b>, but "alongside" <b>\sum</b>. -->
|
||
|
|
For example, </p> <center>
|
||
|
|
<!-- <b>\Bigsum_{i=1}^ni=\frac{n(n+1)}2</b> produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="modes1a" onclick="eqntext('modes1a')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?
|
||
|
|
\normalsize\Bigsum_{i=1}^ni=\frac{n(n+1)}2"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>, <br> -->
|
||
|
|
<b>\normalsize \sum_{i=1}^ni=\frac{n(n+1)}2</b>
|
||
|
|
produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="modes2a" onclick="eqntext('modes2a')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\sum_{i=1}^ni=\frac{n(n+1)}2"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>, whereas <br>
|
||
|
|
<b>\displaystyle \normalsize \sum_{i=1}^ni=\frac{n(n+1)}2</b>
|
||
|
|
produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="modes1b" onclick="eqntext('modes1b')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?
|
||
|
|
\normalsize\displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^ni=\frac{n(n+1)}2"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>, </center>
|
||
|
|
<p class=continue> and <!-- replacing <b>\Bigsum</b> with the smaller
|
||
|
|
<b>\sum</b> symbol, --> </p> <center>
|
||
|
|
<b>\large \sum_{i=1}^ni=\frac{n(n+1)}2</b> produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="modes1b" onclick="eqntext('modes1b')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\sum_{i=1}^ni=\frac{n(n+1)}2"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>, whereas <br>
|
||
|
|
<b>\textstyle \large \sum_{i=1}^ni=\frac{n(n+1)}2</b>
|
||
|
|
produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="modes2b" onclick="eqntext('modes2b')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\textstyle\large
|
||
|
|
\sum_{i=1}^ni=\frac{n(n+1)}2" alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>.
|
||
|
|
<!-- instead. --> </center>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> As usual, <b>\nolimits</b> turns displaystyle off (or textstyle on)
|
||
|
|
for the operator immediately preceding it. For example, </p> <center>
|
||
|
|
<b>\large \sum\nolimits_{i=1}^ni=\frac{n(n+1)}2</b>
|
||
|
|
produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="modes3" onclick="eqntext('modes3')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?
|
||
|
|
\large\sum\nolimits_{i=1}^ni=\frac{n(n+1)}2"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a></center> <p class="continue">
|
||
|
|
and likewise, <b>\limits</b> turns displaystyle on for the operator
|
||
|
|
immediately preceding it. For example, </p> <center>
|
||
|
|
<b>\normalsize \sum\limits_{i=1}^ni=\frac{n(n+1)}2</b>
|
||
|
|
produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="modes4" onclick="eqntext('modes4')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?
|
||
|
|
\normalsize\sum\limits_{i=1}^ni=\frac{n(n+1)}2"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> By the way, <b>\limits</b> affects <i><b>_any_</b></i> character
|
||
|
|
or subexpression immediately preceding it. For example, </p> <center>
|
||
|
|
<b>A^i_j</b> produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="modes5" onclick="eqntext('modes5')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large A^i_j"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> as usual, whereas <br>
|
||
|
|
<b>A\limits^i_j</b> produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="modes6" onclick="eqntext('modes6')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large A\limits^i_j"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> instead. </center>
|
||
|
|
<p class="continue">Likewise, for subexpressions, </p> <center>
|
||
|
|
<b>\widehat{xyz}\limits^a</b> produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="modes7" onclick="eqntext('modes7')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\widehat{xyz}\limits^a"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> <p class="continue">
|
||
|
|
This side effect may occasionally be useful. For example, </p> <center>
|
||
|
|
<b>x\rightarrow\limits^gy</b> produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="modes8" onclick="eqntext('modes8')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large x\rightarrow\limits^gy"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> <p class="continue">
|
||
|
|
(mimeTeX automatically centers super/subscripts above/below
|
||
|
|
the long and Long <a href="#arrows">arrow</a> forms) </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> The <b>\displaystyle</b> command turns on displaystyle math mode for
|
||
|
|
the entire expression (or <b>{ }</b>-enclosed subexpression),
|
||
|
|
affecting <b><i>_all_</i></b> super/subscripts to the right
|
||
|
|
of the \displaystyle, except for character classes Ordinary and
|
||
|
|
Variable (TeXbook page 154). Similarly, <b>\textstyle</b> turns
|
||
|
|
off displaystyle math mode. For example, </p> <center>
|
||
|
|
<b>\sum_1^n {\displaystyle\sum_1^k\sum_1^lx_i^j} \sum_1^m</b>
|
||
|
|
produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="modes9" onclick="eqntext('modes9')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\sum_1^n
|
||
|
|
{\displaystyle\sum_1^k\sum_1^lx_i^j}\sum_1^m"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> <p class="continue">
|
||
|
|
Note that <b>\sum</b>'s within the subexpression are all affected by
|
||
|
|
the beginning <b>\displaystyle</b>, but not the Variable <b>x_i^j</b>.
|
||
|
|
An explicit <b>x\limits_i^j</b> always affects any preceding term. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h3> <a name="textboxes">text boxes<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Finally, mimeTeX also has a text-like/roman mode
|
||
|
|
entered by writing either <b>\text{anything at all}</b>
|
||
|
|
or the equivalent LaTeX-2.09-like command
|
||
|
|
<b>{\rm anything at all}</b>, both of which render
|
||
|
|
<b>anything at all</b> in roman (font family cmr10).
|
||
|
|
<b>\mbox{ }</b> and several similar LaTeX commands are
|
||
|
|
recognized by mimeTeX as synonyms for <b>\text{ }</b>.
|
||
|
|
For italic, write <b>\textit{anything at all}</b> or
|
||
|
|
<b>{\it anything at all}</b>, both of which render
|
||
|
|
<b>anything at all</b> in italic (font family cmmi10).
|
||
|
|
All four forms respect spaces between words, except that the
|
||
|
|
first/required space after <b>{\rm etc}</b> and
|
||
|
|
<b>{\it etc}</b> is still ignored. For example, </p> <center>
|
||
|
|
<b>anything at all</b> just produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="textboxes1" onclick="eqntext('textboxes1')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize anything at all"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> whereas <br> <br>
|
||
|
|
<b>\text{anything at all}</b> produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="textboxes2" onclick="eqntext('textboxes2')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\text{anything at all}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> and <br> <br>
|
||
|
|
<b>\textit{anything at all}</b> produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="textboxes3" onclick="eqntext('textboxes3')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\textit{anything at all}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> instead. </center>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h2> <a name="delimiters"> (IIIc) Delimiters </a> </h2>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h3> <a name="parens">Parentheses and Braces
|
||
|
|
(delimiters)<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> LaTeX's <b>\left( ... \right)</b> and the other 21
|
||
|
|
standard LaTeX delimiters are also recognized by mimeTeX.
|
||
|
|
And mimeTeX also recognizes an etex-like <b>\middle</b>.
|
||
|
|
<!-- may be written exactly
|
||
|
|
like that, or may be abbreviated <b>\(</b> and <b>\)</b> in mimeTeX.
|
||
|
|
Not all <b>\left</b> and <b>\right</b> LaTeX delimiters are currently
|
||
|
|
available in mimeTeX, but those that are can be written in the usual
|
||
|
|
way, or can be abbreviated as described above. One exception is
|
||
|
|
that <b>\left\|...\right\|</b> must instead be abbreviated
|
||
|
|
<b>\=...\=</b> or can be written in full <b>\left\|...\right\|</b>
|
||
|
|
as usual. Also, <b>\left\langle...\right\rangle</b> is abbreviated
|
||
|
|
<b>\<...\></b> . </p> -->
|
||
|
|
<!-- <p> Mixing abbreviated and unabbreviated delimiters within
|
||
|
|
a matching pair is not allowed, e.g., \left(...\) <b>_won't_</b> work.
|
||
|
|
But you can mix nested pairs, e.g., <b>\left(...\(...\)...\right)</b>
|
||
|
|
will work as long as the matching delimiters comprising each pair are
|
||
|
|
either both abbreviated or both unabbreviated. </p>
|
||
|
|
<p> --> Several of the most common automatically sized delimiters
|
||
|
|
are illustrated below... </p> <center>
|
||
|
|
<!-- <table cellpadding=3 cellspacing=0 border=1> -->
|
||
|
|
<table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=1>
|
||
|
|
<tr align=center>
|
||
|
|
<!-- <td> <b>LaTeX or <br> mimeTeX</b> </td> -->
|
||
|
|
<td> <b>Delimiter</b> </td>
|
||
|
|
<!-- <td> <b>or mimeTeX <br> abbreviation</b> </td> -->
|
||
|
|
<td> <b>example...</b> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td> <b>...renders</b> </td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr align=center>
|
||
|
|
<td> \left( ... \right) </td>
|
||
|
|
<!-- <td> \( ... \) </td> -->
|
||
|
|
<td> \left( \frac1{1-x^2} \right)^2 </td>
|
||
|
|
<td> <a href="#preview"><img id="parens1" onclick="eqntext('parens1')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large\left(\frac1{1-x^2}\right)^2"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr align=center>
|
||
|
|
<td> \left[ ... \right] </td>
|
||
|
|
<!-- <td> \[ ... \] </td> -->
|
||
|
|
<td> \left[ \frac1{\sqrt2}x - y \right]^n </td>
|
||
|
|
<td> <a href="#preview"><img id="parens2" onclick="eqntext('parens2')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large
|
||
|
|
\left[ \frac1{\sqrt2}x - y \right]^n"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr align=center>
|
||
|
|
<td> \left\{ ... \right\} </td>
|
||
|
|
<!-- <td> \{ ... \} </td> -->
|
||
|
|
<td> \left\{ 1^2,2^2,3^2,\ldots \right\} </td>
|
||
|
|
<td> <a href="#preview"><img id="parens3" onclick="eqntext('parens3')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?
|
||
|
|
\large\left\{1^2,2^2,3^2,\ldots\right\}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr align=center>
|
||
|
|
<td> \left\langle ...<br>
|
||
|
|
... \right\rangle </td>
|
||
|
|
<!-- <td> \< ... \> </td> -->
|
||
|
|
<td> \left\langle \varphi \middle| \hat H <br>
|
||
|
|
\middle| \phi \right\rangle </td>
|
||
|
|
<td> <a href="#preview"><img id="parens4" onclick="eqntext('parens4')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large
|
||
|
|
\left\langle\varphi\middle|\hat H\middle|\phi\right\rangle"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr align=center>
|
||
|
|
<td> \left| ... \right| </td>
|
||
|
|
<!-- <td> \| ... \| </td> -->
|
||
|
|
<td> \left| \begin{matrix} a_1 & a_2 \\<br>
|
||
|
|
a_3 & a_4 \end{matrix} \right|</td>
|
||
|
|
<td> <a href="#preview"><img id="parens5" onclick="eqntext('parens5')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large
|
||
|
|
\left|\begin{matrix}a_1&a_2\\a_3&a_4\end{matrix}\right|"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr align=center>
|
||
|
|
<td> \left\| ... \right\| </td>
|
||
|
|
<!-- <td> \= ... \= </td> -->
|
||
|
|
<td> \left\|x^2-y^2\right\| </td>
|
||
|
|
<td> <a href="#preview"><img id="parens6" onclick="eqntext('parens6')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\left\|x^2-y^2\right\|"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr align=center>
|
||
|
|
<td> \left\{ ...
|
||
|
|
\right<font size="5"><b>.</b></font> </td>
|
||
|
|
<!-- <td> \{ ... \<b>.</b> </td> -->
|
||
|
|
<td> y=\left\{ \text{this\\that}
|
||
|
|
\right<font size="5"><b>.</b></font> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td> <a href="#preview"><img id="parens7" onclick="eqntext('parens7')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?
|
||
|
|
\large y=\left\{\text{this\\that}\right."
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr align=center>
|
||
|
|
<td> \left<font size="5"><b>.</b></font>
|
||
|
|
... \right\} </td>
|
||
|
|
<!-- <td> \<b>.</b> ... \} </td> -->
|
||
|
|
<td> \left<font size="5"><b>.</b></font>
|
||
|
|
\text{this\\that} \right\}=y </td>
|
||
|
|
<td> <a href="#preview"><img id="parens8" onclick="eqntext('parens8')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?
|
||
|
|
\large\left.\text{this\\that}\right\}=y"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
</table> </center>
|
||
|
|
<p> <b><u>Notes... </u></b> </p>
|
||
|
|
<ol compact type=1>
|
||
|
|
<!-- <li> The other LaTeX delimiters, i.e., floor's, ceil's,
|
||
|
|
arrows, etc, can't yet be sized to fit. </li> -->
|
||
|
|
<li> <a href="#sizes">Size declarations</a> inside any of the
|
||
|
|
above delimiter pairs affect only the enclosed subexpression,
|
||
|
|
e.g., <b>\Large w=\left(\small x+y\right)+z</b> produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="parens9" onclick="eqntext('parens9')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large w=\left(\small x+y\right)+z"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </li>
|
||
|
|
<li> An expression may contain as many etex-like <b>\middle</b>'s as
|
||
|
|
you like, and in mimeTeX the surrounding <b>\left...\right</b>
|
||
|
|
isn't required. When omitted, the scope of <b>\middle</b> is
|
||
|
|
either the entire expression or the <b>{ }</b>-enclosed
|
||
|
|
subexpression in which the <b>\middle</b>'s occur. For example,
|
||
|
|
<b>\frac{a+1}b \middle/ \middle(\frac{c+1}d \middle/ \frac{e+1}f\middle)</b>
|
||
|
|
renders
|
||
|
|
<img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large
|
||
|
|
\frac{a+1}b\middle/\middle(\frac{c+1}d\middle/\frac{e+1}f\middle)"
|
||
|
|
border=0 align=middle>. </li>
|
||
|
|
<li> In the last two examples, note that mimeTeX recognizes the
|
||
|
|
<b>\\</b> in <b>\text{this\\that}</b>
|
||
|
|
as a linebreak. For example, <b>x=1\\y=2\\z=3</b> renders
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="parens9b" onclick="eqntext('parens9b')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\small x=1\\y=2\\z=3"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </li>
|
||
|
|
<!-- <li> An abbreviated left delimiter must be paired with the same
|
||
|
|
"type" of matching right delimiter, e.g., <b>\[...\]</b> works
|
||
|
|
whereas <b>\[...\)</b> doesn't work. To render an "unmatched"
|
||
|
|
pair of delimiters you must use the unabbreviated form, e.g.,
|
||
|
|
<b>\left[...\right)</b> works fine. </li> -->
|
||
|
|
<!-- <li> Similarly, "unusual" delimiter abbreviations like
|
||
|
|
<b>\)...\(</b> also don't work in mimeTeX. That is,
|
||
|
|
<b>(, [, <, {,</b> etc, must always be "left"
|
||
|
|
in mimeTeX, and <b>), ], >, },</b> etc,
|
||
|
|
must always be "right". To render "unusual" delimiter pairs you
|
||
|
|
must use the unabbreviated form, e.g., <b>\left)...\right[</b>
|
||
|
|
works fine. </li> -->
|
||
|
|
<!-- <li> <b>\right.</b> may be paired with any of the automatically
|
||
|
|
sized delimiters, and may optionally be abbreviated as <b>\.</b>
|
||
|
|
The same <b>\.</b> also serves as an abbreviation
|
||
|
|
for <b>\left.</b> MimeTeX correctly interprets your
|
||
|
|
intention if you correctly balance delimiters. For example,
|
||
|
|
either <b>y=\left\{{this\atop that}\right.</b> or
|
||
|
|
<b>y=\{{this\atop that}\.</b> renders the usual useful
|
||
|
|
construction
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="parens10" onclick="eqntext('parens10')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?
|
||
|
|
\normalsize y=\{\text{this\atop that}\."
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> illustrated above. </li> -->
|
||
|
|
<!-- <li> However, abbreviated <b>\.</b>'s cannot be nested in mimeTeX,
|
||
|
|
e.g., <b>\[\(...\.\.</b> doesn't work. Instead, unabbreviated
|
||
|
|
<b>\left.</b> and <b>\right.</b> may be nested, e.g.,
|
||
|
|
<b>\left[\left(...\right.\right.</b> works fine. </li> -->
|
||
|
|
<!-- <li> Simply nested abbreviations like <b>\[\(...\)\]</b> work
|
||
|
|
fine in mimeTeX. But abbreviated delimiters like <b>\|...\|</b>
|
||
|
|
and <b>\=...\=</b>, whose left and right forms are
|
||
|
|
identical, cannot be nested. To nest these delimiters you
|
||
|
|
must use the corresponding unabbreviated <b>\left|..\right|</b>
|
||
|
|
and <b>\left\|...\right\|</b>. </li> -->
|
||
|
|
<!-- <li> All <b>\left(...\right)</b>'s (and abbreviated
|
||
|
|
<b>\(...\)</b>'s), etc, must be correctly balanced,
|
||
|
|
which may include being matched with <b>\left.</b>
|
||
|
|
or <b>\right.</b> (or abbreviated <b>\.</b>).
|
||
|
|
And, to repeat, you may <b>_not_</b> mix
|
||
|
|
abbreviated and unabbreviated \(...\right), etc, within a
|
||
|
|
matching pair. </li> -->
|
||
|
|
</ol>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Besides the <b>\left...\right</b> delimiters discussed above,
|
||
|
|
mimeTeX also supports constructions like
|
||
|
|
<b>\left\int_a^b...\right<b>.</b></b> , which automatically
|
||
|
|
sizes the <b>\left\int</b> to accommodate everything between it
|
||
|
|
and its matching <b>\right<b>.</b></b> delimiter.
|
||
|
|
The <b>\right</b> delimiter needn't necessarily be
|
||
|
|
the <b>\right<b>.</b></b> illustrated, e.g.,
|
||
|
|
<b>\left\int_a^b x^2dx =\frac{x^3}3\right|_a^b</b>
|
||
|
|
produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="parens11" onclick="eqntext('parens11')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large
|
||
|
|
\left\int_a^bx^2dx=\frac{x^3}3\right|_a^b" border=0 alt=""
|
||
|
|
align=middle></a>. <!-- Except for Opening (TeX class 4) and
|
||
|
|
Closing (class 5) delimiter characters like <b>( )</b> and
|
||
|
|
<b>[ ]</b> and <b>\{ \}</b>, limits are default-rendered
|
||
|
|
\displaystyle, which is why <b>\right|\nolimits_a^b</b> was required. -->
|
||
|
|
You can also write <b>\left\sum</b>, <b>\left\prod</b>,
|
||
|
|
<b>\left\cup</b>, etc, for many of the symbols in CMEX10.
|
||
|
|
And any symbol that works with <b>\left</b> will also work
|
||
|
|
with <b>\right</b> . <!-- But mimeTeX abbreviations like
|
||
|
|
<b>\(...\)</b> for <b>\left(...\right)</b>
|
||
|
|
won't work with any of these CMEX10 symbols. You'll have to write
|
||
|
|
the usual unabbreviated <b>\left...\right</b> form. --> </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Unescaped <b>( )</b>'s and <b>[ ]</b>'s and <b>| |</b>'s
|
||
|
|
and <b>< ></b>'s don't need to be balanced since mimeTeX just
|
||
|
|
displays them like ordinary characters without any special significance.
|
||
|
|
Ditto for the usual four <b>\big(</b> and <b>\Big(</b> and <b>\bigg(</b>
|
||
|
|
and <b>\Bigg(</b>, and for their four right <b>)</b> counterparts, which
|
||
|
|
just display <b>(...)</b>'s at fixed larger sizes, and also have no
|
||
|
|
special significance. All four big <b>[ ]</b>'s and
|
||
|
|
<b>< ></b>'s and <b>{ }</b>'s are also available
|
||
|
|
as ordinary characters. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> As usual, unescaped <b>{...}</b>'s aren't displayed at all,
|
||
|
|
must be balanced, and have the usual special LaTeX significance.
|
||
|
|
MimeTeX interprets escaped <b>\{...\}</b>'s as abbreviations
|
||
|
|
for <b>\left\{...\right\}</b> and therefore always sizes them to fit.
|
||
|
|
If you need displayed but unsized <b>{...}</b>'s, write
|
||
|
|
<b>\lbrace...\rbrace</b> or any of the four <b>\big{...\big}</b>'s. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h2> <a name="accents"> (IIId) Accents, Functions, Arrows,
|
||
|
|
Raise and rotate, Compose, Abbreviations, etc. </a> </h2>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h3> Accents<font size=5>...</font> </h3>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p class="continue">
|
||
|
|
<b>\vec{ } \hat{ } \bar{ } \tilde{ } \dot{ }
|
||
|
|
\ddot{ }</b> and <b>\acute{ } \grave{ }
|
||
|
|
\breve{ } \check{ }</b> are the only accents currently
|
||
|
|
supported. The first four are all "wide". For example, you can write
|
||
|
|
<b>\widehat{ }</b> if you like, but there's absolutely no
|
||
|
|
difference either way (and <b>\bar{ }</b> and
|
||
|
|
<b>\overline{ }</b> are identical). The last four accents
|
||
|
|
only take a single character argument. <p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Other accent-like directives available in mimeTeX are
|
||
|
|
<b>\underline{ } \cancel{ } \sout{ }</b>,
|
||
|
|
as well as
|
||
|
|
<b>\overset{ }{ } \underset{ }{ }</b>
|
||
|
|
and the more ususal
|
||
|
|
<b>\overbrace{ }^{ } \underbrace{ }_{ }</b>.
|
||
|
|
And <b>\not</b> also works on the single character immediately
|
||
|
|
following it. Some of these directives are discussed in more detail
|
||
|
|
below. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h3> <a name="functions">Function names<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> All 32 usual LaTeX function names <b>\arccos</b>,...,<b>\tanh</b>
|
||
|
|
are recognized by mimeTeX and treated in the usual way. MimeTeX
|
||
|
|
also recognizes <b>\tr</b> for the trace, and also <b>\bmod</b>
|
||
|
|
and <b>\pmod</b>. And those functions that normally take "limits"
|
||
|
|
also behave as expected, e.g., </p> <center>
|
||
|
|
<b>\lim_{n\to\infty}S_n=S</b> produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="functions1" onclick="eqntext('functions1')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\lim_{n\to\infty}S_n=S"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h3> <a name="arrows">long Arrows<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> All mimeTeX \long and \Long arrows take an optional [width] argument
|
||
|
|
that explicitly sets the arrow's width in pixels, scaled by
|
||
|
|
<a href="#unitlength">\unitlength</a>. For example,
|
||
|
|
<b>\longrightarrow[50]</b> draws a 50-pixel wide arrow
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="arrows1" onclick="eqntext('arrows1')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\longrightarrow[50]" alt="" border=0
|
||
|
|
align=middle></a>, whereas just <b>\longrightarrow</b> calculates
|
||
|
|
a default width
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="arrows2" onclick="eqntext('arrows2')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\longrightarrow" alt="" border=0
|
||
|
|
align=middle></a>, as usual. And, in addition to the usual
|
||
|
|
right, left and leftright arrows, there are also \long (and \Long) up,
|
||
|
|
down and updown arrows that take an optional [height] argument, also
|
||
|
|
scaled by any preceding <a href="#unitlength">\unitlength</a>. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> In the event that you actually want to place an []-enclosed expression
|
||
|
|
immediately following an "unsized" long arrow, just place a <b>~</b> or
|
||
|
|
any white space after the arrow, e.g., <b>f:x\longrightarrow~[0,1]</b>
|
||
|
|
produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="arrows3" onclick="eqntext('arrows3')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize f:x\longrightarrow~[0,1]"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>. Without any intervening white space,
|
||
|
|
mimeTeX would have "eaten" the [0,1]. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Super/subscripts immediately following all long/Long left/right arrows
|
||
|
|
are displayed the same way <a href="#modes">\limits</a> displays them,
|
||
|
|
e.g., </p> <center>
|
||
|
|
<b>x\longrightarrow^gy</b> produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="arrows4" onclick="eqntext('arrows4')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large x\longrightarrow^gy"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> <br>
|
||
|
|
<b>x\longrightarrow[50]^gy</b> produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="arrows5" onclick="eqntext('arrows5')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large x\longrightarrow[50]^gy"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> <p class="continue">
|
||
|
|
Subscripted long arrows can occasionally be useful, too, as in
|
||
|
|
<a href="#example11">Example 11</a> above, e.g., </p> <center>
|
||
|
|
<b>u\longrightarrow[50]_\beta v</b> produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="arrows6" onclick="eqntext('arrows6')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large u\longrightarrow[50]_\beta^{\,}v"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> <p class="continue">
|
||
|
|
To defeat this default behavior, e.g., <b>\longrightarrow\nolimits^g</b>
|
||
|
|
displays super/subscripts in the usual way. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Super/subscripts immediately following all long/Long up/down arrows
|
||
|
|
are treated correspondingly, i.e., superscripts are vertically
|
||
|
|
centered to the arrow's left, and subscripts to its right.
|
||
|
|
For example, </p> <center>
|
||
|
|
<b>\longuparrow[30]^\gamma</b> produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="arrows7" onclick="eqntext('arrows7')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\longuparrow[30]^\gamma"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> <br>
|
||
|
|
<b>\longdownarrow[30]_\gamma</b> produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="arrows8" onclick="eqntext('arrows8')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\longdownarrow[30]_\gamma"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center> <p class="continue">
|
||
|
|
whose occasional usefulness is also illustrated by
|
||
|
|
<a href="#example11">Example 11</a>. And as before, to defeat
|
||
|
|
this default behavior, e.g., <b>\longuparrow\nolimits^\gamma</b>
|
||
|
|
displays super/subscripts in the usual way. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h3> <a name="raiserotate">\raisebox{ }{ } and
|
||
|
|
\rotatebox{ }{ }<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> The <b>\raisebox{<i>height</i>}{<i>expression</i>}</b>
|
||
|
|
and <b>\rotatebox{<i>angle</i>}{<i>expression</i>}</b>
|
||
|
|
commands help you fine-tune and manipulate mimeTeX renderings.
|
||
|
|
The <b><i>height</i></b> argument is number of pixels, scaled by
|
||
|
|
<a href="#unitlength">\unitlength</a>, and can be positive
|
||
|
|
or negative. The <b><i>angle</i></b> argument is number of degrees,
|
||
|
|
and can also be positive (for clockwise) or negative, but must be a
|
||
|
|
multiple of 90. Finally, the <b><i>expression</i></b> can be any
|
||
|
|
valid LaTeX/mimeTeX expression. For example, mimeTeX's preprocessor
|
||
|
|
defines the LaTeX <b>?`</b> symbol, an upside-down question
|
||
|
|
mark, like </p> <center>
|
||
|
|
<b>abc\raisebox{-2}{\rotatebox{180}?}def</b> produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="raiserot1" onclick="eqntext('raiserot1')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?
|
||
|
|
\large\rm abc\raiseb{-2}{\rotateb{180}{\LARGE?}}def"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h3> <a name="compose">\compose{ }{ }<font size=5>...</font></a></h3>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p class="continue">
|
||
|
|
<b>\compose[<i>offset</i>]{<i>base</i>}{<i>overlay</i>}</b>
|
||
|
|
superimposes the <b><i>overlay</i></b> expression on top of the
|
||
|
|
<b><i>base</i></b> expression, displaying the result.
|
||
|
|
Optionally, the overlay is horizontally <b><i>offset</i></b>
|
||
|
|
by the specified number of pixels (positive offsets to the right,
|
||
|
|
negative to the left). For example, </p> <center>
|
||
|
|
<b>\compose{\LARGE O}{\normalsize c}</b> produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="compose1" onclick="eqntext('compose1')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\compose{\LARGE O}{\normalsize c}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Separately or in some judicious combination, <b>\compose</b> and
|
||
|
|
<b>\raisebox</b> and <b>\rotatebox</b> should help you construct
|
||
|
|
special symbols not "natively" available with mimeTeX's limited
|
||
|
|
set of built-in font families. This can be especially useful
|
||
|
|
in conjunction with the <b>-DNEWCOMMANDS</b> compile-time
|
||
|
|
<a href="#options">option</a> discussed above. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h3> <a name="abbreviations">Abbreviations<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p class="continue">
|
||
|
|
<b>\ga</b> displays <b>\gamma</b>, but just <b>\g</b> displays
|
||
|
|
<b>\gg</b> (<b>>></b>). That is, mimeTeX selects the
|
||
|
|
shortest symbol or command which begins with whatever you type.
|
||
|
|
This feature can help shorten an otherwise very long line,
|
||
|
|
but it may be a bit dangerous. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> The mimeTeX <a href="#symbols">preprocessor</a>, briefly mentioned
|
||
|
|
above, is responsible for recognizing several LaTeX symbols like
|
||
|
|
<b>\ldots</b> and several commands like <b>\atop</b> .
|
||
|
|
These symbols and commands cannot be abbreviated. The special
|
||
|
|
html characters like <b>&nbsp;</b> are also recognized by
|
||
|
|
the preprocessor and cannot be abbreviated. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h3> <a name="colors">Colors<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Rudimentary color commands are provided by mimeTeX. You can write
|
||
|
|
<b>\color{red}</b> or <b>\color{green}</b> or<b>\color{blue}</b>
|
||
|
|
(which may be abbreviated <b>\red</b> or <b>\green</b> or
|
||
|
|
<b>\blue</b>) anywhere in an expression to render the entire
|
||
|
|
expression in the specified color. That is,
|
||
|
|
<b>abc{\red def}ghi</b> renders the entire expression red,
|
||
|
|
not just the <b>def</b> part. Also, note that mimeTeX's "green"
|
||
|
|
is actually color <b>#00FF00</b>, which the html standard more
|
||
|
|
accurately calls "lime". For example, </p> <center>
|
||
|
|
<b>\blue e^x=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}</b> produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="colors1" onclick="eqntext('colors1')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?
|
||
|
|
\Large\color{blue} e^x=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h3> <a name="smash">"Smash"<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> TeX represents characters by boxes, with no idea how ink will be
|
||
|
|
distributed inside. So an expression like
|
||
|
|
<b>\frac12\int_{a+b+c}^{d+e+f}g(x)dx</b> is typically rendered as
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="smash1" onclick="eqntext('smash1')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\displaystyle
|
||
|
|
\nosmash\frac12\int_{a+b+c}^{d+e+f}{g(x)dx}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>.
|
||
|
|
But mimeTeX knows the character shapes of its fonts, and therefore tries
|
||
|
|
to remove extra whitespace, rendering the same expression as
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="smash2" onclick="eqntext('smash2')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\displaystyle
|
||
|
|
\smash\frac12\int_{a+b+c}^{d+e+f}{g(x)}dx"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> instead. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Precede any expression with the mimeTeX directive <b>\nosmash</b>
|
||
|
|
to render it without "smashing". Or compile mimetex.c with the
|
||
|
|
<b>-DNOSMASH</b> <a href="#options">option</a> if you prefer
|
||
|
|
the typical TeX behavior as mimeTeX's default. In this case,
|
||
|
|
precede any expression with <b>\smash</b> to render it "smashed".
|
||
|
|
And note that explicit space like <b>\hspace{10}</b>
|
||
|
|
or <b>\;</b> , etc, is never smashed. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> The scope of <b>\smash</b> and <b>\nosmash</b> is the
|
||
|
|
<b>{ }</b>-enclosed subexpression in which the directive occurs.
|
||
|
|
For example, if you want the <b><i>g(x)</i></b> part of the
|
||
|
|
preceding example smashed, but not the <b>1/2</b> part,
|
||
|
|
then the expression
|
||
|
|
<b>\nosmash\frac12{\smash\int_{a+b+c}^{d+e+f}g(x)dx}</b>
|
||
|
|
renders as
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="smash3" onclick="eqntext('smash3')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\displaystyle
|
||
|
|
\nosmash\frac12{\smash\int_{a+b+c}^{d+e+f}{g(x)dx}}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>.
|
||
|
|
<!-- Moreover, explicit space like
|
||
|
|
<b>\hspace{10}</b> or <b>\;</b>, etc, is never smashed.
|
||
|
|
So <b>{\frac12\;\;}\int_{a+b+c}^{d+e+f}g(x)dx</b> renders as
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="smash4" onclick="eqntext('smash4')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\displaystyle
|
||
|
|
{\frac12\;\;}\int_{a+b+c}^{d+e+f}{g(x)dx}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>. --> </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> For finer-grained control, note that <b>\smash</b> is shorthand
|
||
|
|
for the default <b>\smashmargin{+3}</b> (and <b>\nosmash</b> is
|
||
|
|
shorthand for <b>\smashmargin{0}</b>). <b>\smashmargin</b>'s value
|
||
|
|
is the minimum number of pixels between smashed symbols. The leading
|
||
|
|
<b>+</b> is optional. If present, the font size (\tiny=0,...,\Huge=7)
|
||
|
|
is added to the specified minimum. Compile mimetex.c with the
|
||
|
|
<b>-DSMASHMARGIN=<i>n</i></b> <a href="#options">option</a> to change
|
||
|
|
the default from <b>3</b> to <b><i>n</i></b>. Compare the preceding
|
||
|
|
example with the over-smashed <b>\smashmargin{1}</b>
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="smash5" onclick="eqntext('smash5')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\displaystyle
|
||
|
|
\smashmargin1\frac12\int_{a+b+c}^{d+e+f}{g(x)}dx"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> instead. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Smashing is in "beta testing" and some expressions still don't look
|
||
|
|
quite right when smashed, e.g., <b>1^2,2^2,3^2,\ldots</b> renders as
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="smash6" onclick="eqntext('smash6')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large1^2,2^2,3^2,\ldots"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>. Just compile with <b>-DNOSMASH</b>
|
||
|
|
if you come across numerous annoying situations. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h3> <a name="not">\not and \cancel and \sout<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> The usual LaTeX <b>\not</b> "slashes" the single symbol
|
||
|
|
following it, e.g., <b>i\not\partial\equiv i\not\nabla</b>
|
||
|
|
produces <a href="#preview">
|
||
|
|
<img id="not1" onclick="eqntext('not1')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize i\not\partial\equiv i\not\nabla"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> For arbitrary expressions, mimeTeX provides <b>\cancel</b>
|
||
|
|
which draws a line from the upper-right to lower-left corner of its
|
||
|
|
argument, e.g., <b>a\cancel{x^2}=bx^{\not3}</b> produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="not2" onclick="eqntext('not2')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large a\cancel{x^2}=bx^{\not3}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=bottom></a>. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Finally, similar to the <b>ulem.sty</b> package, <b>\sout</b>
|
||
|
|
draws a horizontal strikeout line through its argument,
|
||
|
|
e.g., <b>\sout{abcdefg}</b> produces <a href="#preview">
|
||
|
|
<img id="not3" onclick="eqntext('not3')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\sout{abcdefg}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>. MimeTeX's <b>\sout</b> also
|
||
|
|
takes an optional argument that adjusts the vertical position of its
|
||
|
|
strikeout line by the specified number of pixels, e.g.,
|
||
|
|
<b>\sout[+2]{abcdefg}</b> produces <a href="#preview">
|
||
|
|
<img id="not4" onclick="eqntext('not4')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\sout[+2]{abcdefg}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> and
|
||
|
|
<b>\sout[-2]{abcdefg}</b> produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="not5" onclick="eqntext('not5')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\sout[-2]{abcdefg}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h2> <a name="array"> (IIIe) \begin{array}{lcr}...\end{array} Environment
|
||
|
|
</a> </h2>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Rendering vectors and matrices, aligning equations, etc, is all done
|
||
|
|
using the customary LaTeX environment
|
||
|
|
<b>\begin{array}{lcr} a&b&c\\d&e&f\\etc \end{array}</b>
|
||
|
|
which you can write in exactly that form. MimeTeX also
|
||
|
|
recognizes the following array-like environments </p>
|
||
|
|
<center> <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1">
|
||
|
|
<tr> <td align="left"> <b>\begin{array}{lcr}</b> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="center"> <b>a&b&c \\ d&e&f \\ etc</b> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left"> <b>\end{array}</b> </td> </tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr> <td align="left"> <b>\begin{matrix}</b> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="center"> <b>a&b&c \\ d&e&f \\ etc</b> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left"> <b>\end{matrix}</b> </td> </tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr> <td align="left"> <b>\begin{pmatrix}</b> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="center"> <b>a&b&c \\ d&e&f \\ etc</b> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left"> <b>\end{pmatrix}</b> </td> </tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr> <td align="left"> <b>\begin{bmatrix}</b> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="center"> <b>a&b&c \\ d&e&f \\ etc</b> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left"> <b>\end{bmatrix}</b> </td> </tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr> <td align="left"> <b>\begin{Bmatrix}</b> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="center"> <b>a&b&c \\ d&e&f \\ etc</b> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left"> <b>\end{Bmatrix}</b> </td> </tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr> <td align="left"> <b>\begin{vmatrix}</b> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="center"> <b>a&b&c \\ d&e&f \\ etc</b> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left"> <b>\end{vmatrix}</b> </td> </tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr> <td align="left"> <b>\begin{Vmatrix}</b> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="center"> <b>a&b&c \\ d&e&f \\ etc</b> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left"> <b>\end{Vmatrix}</b> </td> </tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr> <td align="left"> <b>\begin{eqnarray}</b> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="center"> <b>a&=&b \\ c&=&d \\ etc</b> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left"> <b>\end{eqnarray}</b> </td> </tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr> <td align="left"> <b>\begin{align}</b> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="center"> <b>a&=b \\ c&=d \\ etc</b> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left"> <b>\end{align}</b> </td> </tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr> <td align="left"> <b>\begin{gather}</b> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="center"> <b>a \\ b \\ etc</b> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left"> <b>\end{gather}</b> </td> </tr>
|
||
|
|
</table> </center> <p class="continue">
|
||
|
|
There's a built-in maximum of 64 columns and 64 rows. Nested
|
||
|
|
array environments, e.g.,
|
||
|
|
<b>\begin{pmatrix}a&\begin{matrix}1&2\\3&4\end{matrix}\\c&d\end{pmatrix}</b>,
|
||
|
|
are permitted. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> MimeTeX also provides the abbreviation
|
||
|
|
<b>\array{lcr$a&b&c\\d&e&f\\etc}</b>
|
||
|
|
which has exactly the same effect as
|
||
|
|
<b>\begin{array}{lcr} a&b&c\\d&e&f\\etc \end{array}</b>.
|
||
|
|
And the <b>lcr$</b> "preamble" in <b>\array{lcr$etc}</b> is optional.
|
||
|
|
In that case, <b>\array{a&b&c\\d&e&f\\etc}</b>
|
||
|
|
has exactly the same effect as
|
||
|
|
<b>\begin{matrix} a&b&c\\d&e&f\\etc \end{matrix}</b>.
|
||
|
|
You can also write <b>\(\array{etc}\)</b> to "manually abbreviate"
|
||
|
|
the pmatrix environment, or <b>\array{rcl$etc}</b> to abbreviate
|
||
|
|
eqnarray, but mimeTeX has no explicit abbreviations for these
|
||
|
|
other environments. For example, </p> <center>
|
||
|
|
<b>\begin{matrix}a_1&a_2&a_3\\b_1&b_2&b_3\\c_1&c_2&c_3\end{matrix}</b>
|
||
|
|
produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="array1" onclick="eqntext('array1')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\begin{matrix}a_1&a_2&a_3\\
|
||
|
|
b_1&b_2&b_3\\c_1&c_2&c_3\end{matrix}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Solid <b>\hline</b>'s (but not \cline's) and vertical <b>l|c|r</b> bars
|
||
|
|
are available, as usual. For dashed lines and bars,
|
||
|
|
<b>\begin{array}</b> provides the additional features <b>\hdash</b>
|
||
|
|
and <b>l.c.r</b> . <b>\hline</b> and <b>\hdash</b> may not be
|
||
|
|
abbreviated. For example, </p> <center>
|
||
|
|
<b>\begin{array}{c.c|c} a_1&a_2&a_3 \\\hdash b_1&b_2&b_3 <br>
|
||
|
|
\\\hline c_1&c_2&c_3 \end{array}</b> produces <br>
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"> <img id="array22" onclick="eqntext('array22')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large\begin{array}{c.c|c}
|
||
|
|
a_1&a_2&a_3\\\hdash b_1&b_2&b_3\\\hline c_1&c_2&c_3\end{array}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border="0" align="middle"> </a> </center>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> The default font size is unchanged by <b>\array{ }</b>, but you
|
||
|
|
can explicitly control it in the usual way, e.g.,
|
||
|
|
<b>{\Large\begin{matrix}...\end{matrix}}</b> renders the entire array
|
||
|
|
in font size 4. In addition, any <b>&...&</b> cell may contain font
|
||
|
|
size declarations which are always local to that cell,
|
||
|
|
e.g., <b>&\fs{-1}...&</b> renders that one cell one font size smaller
|
||
|
|
than current. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> The <b>{lcr}</b> in <b>\begin{array}{lcr}</b> sets left,center,right
|
||
|
|
<i>"horizontal justification"</i> down columns of an array,
|
||
|
|
as usual. And "vertical justification" across rows defaults
|
||
|
|
to what we'll call <b><i>baseline</i></b>, i.e., aligned equations,
|
||
|
|
as in <a href="#example10">Example 10</a> above, display properly.
|
||
|
|
But the down arrows (for
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="array3" onclick="eqntext('array3')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\small\array{C$\gamma&\Large\downarr}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> and for
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="array4" onclick="eqntext('array4')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\small\array{C$\Large\downarr&\beta}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a>)
|
||
|
|
in <a href="#example11">Example 11</a> require
|
||
|
|
<i>"vertical centering"</i> across the middle row of that
|
||
|
|
array. So, in addition to lowercase <b>lcr</b>, mimeTeX's <b>{lcr}</b>
|
||
|
|
in <b>\begin{array}{lcr}</b> may also contain uppercase <b>BC</b> to
|
||
|
|
set "<b>B</b>"aseline or "<b>C</b>"enter vertical justification across
|
||
|
|
the corresponding rows. For example, <b>\begin{array}{rccclBCB}</b>
|
||
|
|
sets baseline justification for the first and third rows, and center
|
||
|
|
justification for the second row. Without any <b>BC</b>'s,
|
||
|
|
all rows default to the usual <b>B</b> baseline justification. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> MimeTeX has no <b>\arraycolsep</b> or <b>\arraystretch</b> parameters.
|
||
|
|
Instead, <b>\begin{array}{lc25rB35C}</b> sets the absolute width
|
||
|
|
of the second column to 25 pixels, and the absolute height of the
|
||
|
|
first row to 35 pixels, as illustrated by
|
||
|
|
<a href="#example9">Example 9</a>. Any number following
|
||
|
|
an <b>lcrBC</b> specification sets the width of that one column
|
||
|
|
(for <b>lcr</b>), or the height of that one row (for <b>BC</b>). <br>
|
||
|
|
<img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\hspace{35}" alt="" border=0>
|
||
|
|
You can optionally precede the number with a <b>+</b> sign,
|
||
|
|
which "propagates" that value forward to all subsequent columns for
|
||
|
|
<b>lcr</b>, or all subsequent rows for <b>BC</b>. For example,
|
||
|
|
<b>\begin{array}{lc+25rB+35C}</b> sets the absolute width of
|
||
|
|
column 2 and all subsequent columns to 25 pixels,
|
||
|
|
and the absolute height of row 1 and all subsequent rows
|
||
|
|
to 35 pixels. After absolute sizing has been set, the special
|
||
|
|
value <b>0</b> reverts to automatic sizing for that one row or
|
||
|
|
column, and <b>+0</b> reverts to automatic sizing for all subsequent
|
||
|
|
rows or columns. For example, <b>\begin{array}{c+25ccc+35ccc+0}</b>
|
||
|
|
sets the absolute widths of columns 1-3 to 25 pixels,
|
||
|
|
columns 4-6 to 35 pixels, and then reverts to automatic
|
||
|
|
sizing for columns 7 and all subsequent columns. <br>
|
||
|
|
<img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\hspace{35}" alt="" border=0>
|
||
|
|
The "propagation" introduced by <b>+</b> is local to the
|
||
|
|
<b>\begin{array}</b> in which it occurs. So you have to repeat
|
||
|
|
the same specifications if you want rows aligned across several
|
||
|
|
arrays on the same line (or columns aligned on several lines
|
||
|
|
separated by <b>\\</b>). Instead, a lowercase <b>g</b> globally
|
||
|
|
copies your column specifications to all subsequent arrays,
|
||
|
|
and an uppercase <b>G</b> globally copies your row specifications.
|
||
|
|
And <b>gG</b> copies both column and row specifications. For example,
|
||
|
|
<b>\begin{array}{GC+25}</b> sets the height of all rows in this
|
||
|
|
array to 25 pixels, and ditto for all subsequent arrays to its right.
|
||
|
|
Explicit specifications in subsequent arrays override previous global
|
||
|
|
values. <br>
|
||
|
|
<img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\hspace{35}" alt="" border=0>
|
||
|
|
Click one of the following examples to see illustrations
|
||
|
|
of the above discussion: </p> <center>
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"> <img id="array31" onclick="eqntext('array31')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large
|
||
|
|
\left( \begin{array}{GC+30}
|
||
|
|
\cos\frac\theta2 & i\,\sin\frac\theta2\\
|
||
|
|
i\,\sin\frac\theta2 & \cos\frac\theta2 \end{array} \right)
|
||
|
|
\left( \begin{array}
|
||
|
|
z & x_{\tiny-} \\ x_{\tiny+} & -z \end{array} \right)
|
||
|
|
\hfill{300}\text{\normalsize Example 1}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border="0" align="middle"> </a> <br>
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"> <img id="array32" onclick="eqntext('array32')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large
|
||
|
|
\left( \begin{array}{GC+30gc+40}
|
||
|
|
\cos\frac\theta2 & i\,\sin\frac\theta2 \\
|
||
|
|
i\,\sin\frac\theta2 & \cos\frac\theta2 \end{array} \right)
|
||
|
|
\left( \begin{array}
|
||
|
|
z & x_{\tiny-} \\ x_{\tiny+} & -z \end{array} \right)
|
||
|
|
\hfill{300}\text{\normalsize Example 2}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border="0" align="middle"> </a> </center>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> See <a href="#example8">Examples 8-11</a> above for several
|
||
|
|
additional <b>\begin{array}{lcr}</b> applications. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h2> <a name="picture"> (IIIf) \picture( ){ } "Environment",
|
||
|
|
including \line( ){ } and \circle( ) </a> </h2>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Besides <b>\begin{array}{lcr}</b>, mimeTeX also tries to emulate the
|
||
|
|
familiar LaTeX picture environment with the somewhat similar<br>
|
||
|
|
<b> \picture(width[,height])
|
||
|
|
{ (loc1){pic_elem1} (loc2){pic_elem2} ... }</b><br>
|
||
|
|
as illustrated by <a href="#example12">Examples 12-13</a> above.
|
||
|
|
Arguments surrounded by <b>[ ]</b>'s are optional.
|
||
|
|
If the optional <b>[,height]</b> is omitted, then <b>height=width</b>
|
||
|
|
is assumed. Locations <b>(loc1)</b> and <b>(loc2) ...</b> each
|
||
|
|
denote either a <b>\put(loc)</b> or a <b>\multiput(loc)</b>,
|
||
|
|
and each location is of the form <b>([c]x,y[;xinc,yinc[;num]])</b>. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> A <b>\put(loc)</b> is denoted by a location of the form <b>([c]x,y)</b>
|
||
|
|
where <b>x,y</b> denotes the coordinate where the lower-left corner
|
||
|
|
of the subsequent picture_element will be placed, unless the letter
|
||
|
|
<b>c</b> precedes the <b>x</b>-number, in which case <b>cx,y</b>
|
||
|
|
denotes the center point instead. The very lower-left corner of the
|
||
|
|
entire picture is always <b>0,0</b>, and the upper-right corner is
|
||
|
|
<b>width-1,height-1</b>. Note, for example, that you'd never want
|
||
|
|
to specify location <b>c0,0</b> since the picture_element would be
|
||
|
|
mostly out-of-bounds (only its upper-right quadrant would be
|
||
|
|
in-bounds). </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> A <b>\multiput(loc)</b> starts like a <b>\put(loc)</b>, but location
|
||
|
|
<b>[c]x,y</b> is followed by <b>;xinc,yinc[;num]</b> indicating the
|
||
|
|
<b>x,y-inc</b>rements applied to each of <b>num</b> repetitions
|
||
|
|
of picture_element. If <b>;num</b> is omitted, repetitions continue
|
||
|
|
until the picture_element goes out-of-bounds of the specified
|
||
|
|
<b>width[,height]</b>. Note that <b>x,y</b> are always positive or
|
||
|
|
zero, but <b>xinc,yinc</b> may be postive, zero or negative. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> The <b>\picture(,){...}</b> parameters <b>width, height, x, y, xinc,
|
||
|
|
yinc</b> may be either integer or may contain a decimal point,
|
||
|
|
and they're all scaled by <a href="#unitlength">\unitlength</a>.
|
||
|
|
The <b>num</b> parameter must be integer. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Picture_element's <b>{pic_elem1}</b> and <b>{pic_elem2} ...</b>
|
||
|
|
may be any expressions recognized by mimeTeX, even including other
|
||
|
|
<b>\picture</b>'s nested to any level. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h3> <a name="circleline">\line( ){ } and
|
||
|
|
\circle( )<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> To help draw useful picture_element's, mimeTeX provides several
|
||
|
|
drawing commands, <b>\line(xinc,yinc)[{xlen}]</b> and
|
||
|
|
<b>\circle(xdiam[,ydiam][;arc])</b>. Although primarily intended
|
||
|
|
for use in <b>\picture</b>'s, you can use them in any mimeTeX
|
||
|
|
expression, e.g., <b>abc\circle(20)def</b> produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="circleline1" onclick="eqntext('circleline1')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\large abc\circle(20)def"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border="0" align="middle"></a>. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Without its optional <b>{xlen}</b> parameter, the expression
|
||
|
|
<b>(x,y){\line(xinc,yinc)}</b> draws a straight line from point
|
||
|
|
<b>x,y</b> to point <b>x+xinc,y+yinc</b>. The <b>inc</b>'s
|
||
|
|
can be positive, zero or negative. Don't prefix location <b>x,y</b>
|
||
|
|
with a leading <b>c</b> for <b>\line</b>'s; the intended "corner"
|
||
|
|
is determined by the signs of <b>xinc</b> and <b>yinc</b>.
|
||
|
|
If given, the optional <b>{xlen}</b> parameter rescales the length
|
||
|
|
of the line so its x-projection is <b>xlen</b> and its slope is
|
||
|
|
unchanged. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Without optional <b>,ydiam</b> and <b>;arc</b>, the expression
|
||
|
|
<b>(x,y){\circle(xdiam)}</b> draws a circle of diameter <b>xdiam</b>
|
||
|
|
centered at <b>x,y</b>. Don't prefix location <b>x,y</b> with a
|
||
|
|
leading <b>c</b> for <b>\circle</b>'s; centering is assumed.
|
||
|
|
If <b>,ydiam</b> is also given, then <b>(x,y){\circle(xdiam,ydiam)}</b>
|
||
|
|
draws the ellipse inscribed in a rectangle of width <b>xdiam</b>
|
||
|
|
and height <b>ydiam</b> centered at <b>x,y</b>. <br>
|
||
|
|
Finally, <b>;arc</b> specifies the arc to be
|
||
|
|
drawn, in one of two ways. An <b>;arc</b> argument given in the
|
||
|
|
form <b>;1234</b> interprets each digit as a quadrant to be drawn,
|
||
|
|
with <b>1</b> the upper-right quadrant and then proceeding
|
||
|
|
counterclockwise, e.g., <b>\circle(12;34)</b> specifies the
|
||
|
|
lower half of a circle whose diameter is twelve. <br>
|
||
|
|
Alternatively, an <b>;arc</b> argument given in
|
||
|
|
the form <b>45,180</b> or <b>-60,120</b> specifies the endpoints of
|
||
|
|
the desired arc in degrees, with <b>0</b> the positive x-axis and
|
||
|
|
then proceeding counterclockwise. The first number must always
|
||
|
|
be smaller than the second (negative numbers are allowed), and the
|
||
|
|
arc is drawn counterclockwise starting from the smaller number. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Besides <a href="#example12">Examples 12-13</a> above,
|
||
|
|
it's hard to resist illustrating<br>
|
||
|
|
<font size=4><b>
|
||
|
|
\unitlength{.6} \picture(100) {<br>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
(50,50){\circle(99)} %%head%%<br>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
(20,55;50,0;2){\fs{+1}\hat\bullet} %%eyes%%<br>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
(50,40){\bullet} %%nose%%<br>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
(50,35){\circle(50,25;34)} %%upper lip%%<br>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
(50,35){\circle(50,45;34)} %%lower lip%% }</b></font></p>
|
||
|
|
<center>
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="circleline2" onclick="eqntext('circleline2')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\unitlength{.6}\picture(100){
|
||
|
|
(50,50){\circle(99)} (20,55;50,0;2){\fs{+1}\hat\bullet} (50,40){\bullet}
|
||
|
|
(50,35){\circle(50,25;34)} (50,35){\circle(50,45;34)}}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a><br>Have a nice day!</center>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h2> <a name="commands"> (IIIg) Other mimeTeX Commands </a> </h2>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Various and sundry other LaTeX-like commands are also provided
|
||
|
|
by mimeTeX. In addition to features explicitly discussed below,
|
||
|
|
mimeTeX supports the usual sub<b>_</b>scripts and super<b>^</b>scripts,
|
||
|
|
and most of the typical LaTeX commands, many already discussed
|
||
|
|
above, including </p>
|
||
|
|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li> <b>\frac{ }{ }</b> and <b>{ \over }</b> </li>
|
||
|
|
<li> <b>{ \atop }</b> and <b>{ \choose }</b> </li>
|
||
|
|
<li> <b>\sqrt{ }</b> </li>
|
||
|
|
<li> <b>\lim_{ }</b> and all the usual LaTeX function names </li>
|
||
|
|
<li> <b>\hat{ }</b> and <b>\widehat{ }</b>
|
||
|
|
and many of the usual LaTeX accents </li>
|
||
|
|
<li> <b>\overbrace{ }^{ }</b> and
|
||
|
|
<b>\underbrace{ }_{ }</b> </li>
|
||
|
|
<li> <b>\overline{ }</b> and <b>\underline{ }</b> </li>
|
||
|
|
</ul> <p class="continue">
|
||
|
|
All these typical commands should behave as they usually do
|
||
|
|
in LaTeX, and won't be discussed further. Short discussions
|
||
|
|
of some other commands follow. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h3> <a name="stackrel">\stackrel{ }{ } and
|
||
|
|
\relstack{ }{ }<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p class="continue">
|
||
|
|
<b>\stackrel{ }{ }</b> behaves as usual in LaTeX,
|
||
|
|
rendering its first argument one font size smaller and centered above
|
||
|
|
its second. And the amsmath-style <b>\overset{ }{ }</b> is
|
||
|
|
identical. For example, </p> <center>
|
||
|
|
<b>"\vec x\stackrel{\rm def}=(x_1\ldots x_n)"</b>
|
||
|
|
produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="stackrel1" onclick="eqntext('stackrel1')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?
|
||
|
|
\Large\vec x\,\stackrel{\small\rm def}=
|
||
|
|
\,(x_1\ldots x_n)" alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> "Conversely" to <b>\stackrel{ }{ }</b>, mimeTeX provides
|
||
|
|
<b>\relstack{ }{ }</b>, which renders its second argument
|
||
|
|
one font size smaller and centered below its first.
|
||
|
|
And the amsmath-style <b>\underset{ }{ }</b> renders its
|
||
|
|
first argument one font size smaller and centered below its second.
|
||
|
|
For example, the <b>\log</b> function name doesn't treat
|
||
|
|
limits like <b>\lim_</b>, but you can write, for example, </p> <center>
|
||
|
|
<b>"\relstack{\log}{\rm base 2}32=5"</b> to render
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="stackrel2" onclick="eqntext('stackrel2')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?
|
||
|
|
\Large\relstack\log{\small\rm base 2}32\,=\,5"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> MimeTeX's <b>\limits</b> provides an easier but non-standard
|
||
|
|
alternative to achieve the same effect. For example, </p> <center>
|
||
|
|
<b>"\vec x =\limits^{\rm def} (x_1\ldots x_n)"</b>
|
||
|
|
produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="stackrel3" onclick="eqntext('stackrel3')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large\vec x\,=\limits^{\small\rm def}
|
||
|
|
\,(x_1\ldots x_n)" alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> <br><br>
|
||
|
|
and <b>"\log\limits_{\rm base 2}32=5"</b>
|
||
|
|
produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="stackrel4" onclick="eqntext('stackrel4')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?
|
||
|
|
\Large\log\limits_{\small\rm base 2}32\,=\,5"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h3> <a name="fbox">\fbox{ }<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> In case html border attributes aren't suitable, mimeTeX provides
|
||
|
|
the usual <b>\fbox{<i>expression</i>}</b> command, e.g., </p> <center>
|
||
|
|
<b>"\fbox{x=\frac12}"</b> produces
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="fbox1" onclick="eqntext('fbox1')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\Large\fbox{x=\frac12}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" border=0 align=middle></a> </center>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> You can also write <b>\fbox[<i>width</i>]{<i>expression</i>}</b>
|
||
|
|
to explicitly set the box's width, or you can write
|
||
|
|
<b>\fbox[<i>width</i>][<i>height</i>]{<i>expression</i>}</b>
|
||
|
|
to explicitly set both width and height. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h3> <a name="today">\today and \calendar<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p class="continue"> <b>\today</b> renders
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="today1" onclick="eqntext('today1')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\today"
|
||
|
|
border=0 align=middle></a>
|
||
|
|
in the usual LaTeX text mode way.
|
||
|
|
That's <b>\today</b>'s default format#1. MimeTeX has
|
||
|
|
an optional format argument so that, for example,
|
||
|
|
<b>\blue\today[2]</b> renders
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="today2" onclick="eqntext('today2')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\blue\today[2]"
|
||
|
|
border=0 align=middle></a>,
|
||
|
|
showing both date and time. And
|
||
|
|
<b>\red\today[3]</b> renders
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="today3" onclick="eqntext('today3')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\red\today[3]"
|
||
|
|
border=0 align=bottom></a>,
|
||
|
|
showing time only. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> To accommodate time zones, you may also write, for example,
|
||
|
|
<b>\small\blue\today[2,+3]</b>, which renders
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="today4" onclick="eqntext('today4')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\small\blue\today[2,+3]"
|
||
|
|
border=0 align=middle></a>,
|
||
|
|
adding three hours to format#2.
|
||
|
|
The arguments may be in either order. The time zone increment
|
||
|
|
must always be preceded by either <b>+</b> or <b>-</b>,
|
||
|
|
and must be in the range <b>-</b>23 to <b>+</b>23. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p class="continue"> <b>\calendar</b> renders a calendar for
|
||
|
|
the current month, as illustrated by the left-hand image below.
|
||
|
|
For a different month, the optional argument  
|
||
|
|
<b>\small\blue\calendar[2001,9]</b> renders the right-hand
|
||
|
|
image, for the requested year and month. Years must be
|
||
|
|
1973<b>...</b>2099 and months must be 1<b>...</b>12. </p>
|
||
|
|
<center>
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="today5" onclick="eqntext('today5')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\calendar"
|
||
|
|
border=0 align=middle> </a>
|
||
|
|
<a href="#preview"><img id="today6" onclick="eqntext('today6')"
|
||
|
|
src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\small\blue\calendar[2001,9]"
|
||
|
|
border=0 align=middle> </a> </center>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> The default calendar emphasizes the current day of the current month,
|
||
|
|
while any other month emphasizes no day. Day emphasis is controlled
|
||
|
|
by an optional third argument. <b>\calendar[0,0,1]</b>
|
||
|
|
emphasizes the first day of the current month, and
|
||
|
|
<b>\calendar[2001,9,11]</b> emphasizes the eleventh
|
||
|
|
day of that month. <b>\calendar[0,0,99]</b>
|
||
|
|
renders the current month with no day emphasized. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h3> <a name="input">\input{ }<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p class="continue">
|
||
|
|
<b>\input{<i>filename</i>}</b> behaves just like the corresponding
|
||
|
|
LaTeX command, reading the entire contents of <b><i>filename</i></b>
|
||
|
|
into your expression at the point where the <b>\input</b> command
|
||
|
|
occurs. By default, <b><i>filename</i></b> resides in the same
|
||
|
|
directory as mimetex.cgi. Moreover, for security, absolute paths
|
||
|
|
with leading <b>/</b>'s or <b>\</b>'s, and paths with <b>../</b>'s
|
||
|
|
or <b>..\</b>'s, are not permitted. See the <b>-DPATHPREFIX</b>
|
||
|
|
<a href="#options">compile option</a>, discussed above,
|
||
|
|
if you want <b>\input</b> files in some other directory.
|
||
|
|
In any case, if <b><i>filename</i></b> isn't found, then
|
||
|
|
<b>\input</b> tries to read <b><i>filename</i>.tex</b> instead.</p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> MimeTeX also supports the optional form
|
||
|
|
<b>\input{<i>filename:tag</i>}</b>. In this case,
|
||
|
|
<b><i>filename</i></b> is read as before, but only those characters
|
||
|
|
between <b><<i>tag</i>>...</<i>tag</i>></b> are placed
|
||
|
|
into your expression. This permits you to have one file containing
|
||
|
|
many different <b><<i>tag</i>></b>'s, e.g., one file containing
|
||
|
|
all the questions and/or answers to a homework assignment or a quiz,
|
||
|
|
etc. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h3> <a name="counter">\counter[ ]{ }
|
||
|
|
<font size=5>...</font></a> </h3>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> The bottom-right corner of this page contains a page hit counter
|
||
|
|
that's maintained using mimeTeX's
|
||
|
|
<b>\counter[<i>logfile</i>]{<i>counterfile</i>:<i>tag</i>}</b>
|
||
|
|
command. As with <b>\input</b>, described immediately above,
|
||
|
|
both the required <b><i>counterfile</i></b> and the optional
|
||
|
|
<b><i>logfile</i></b> are the names of files that reside in the
|
||
|
|
same directory as your mimetex.cgi executable, unless you compiled
|
||
|
|
mimetex with the <b>-DPATHPREFIX</b>
|
||
|
|
<a href="#options">compile option</a>. Before using
|
||
|
|
the <b>\counter</b> command, Unix "touch" and "chmod" those files
|
||
|
|
so they're mimeTeX readable and writable. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> If <b><i>counterfile</i></b> isn't readable and writable,
|
||
|
|
then the <b>\counter</b> command always displays
|
||
|
|
<b>1<sup><u>st</u></sup></b>. Otherwise, it maintains a
|
||
|
|
line in <b><i>counterfile</i></b> of the form
|
||
|
|
<b><<i>tag</i>> <i>value</i> </<i>tag</i>></b>
|
||
|
|
where <b><i>value</i></b> is initialized as <b>1_</b> if the
|
||
|
|
specified <b><<i>tag</i>></b> line doesn't already exist,
|
||
|
|
and then incremented on each subsequent call. That trailing
|
||
|
|
underscore on the value in the file, e.g., <b>99_</b>, tells
|
||
|
|
mimeTeX to display <b>99<sup><u>th</u></sup></b> with an
|
||
|
|
ordinal suffix. Edit the value in the file and remove the
|
||
|
|
underscore if you don't want the ordinal suffix displayed.
|
||
|
|
Finally, mimeTeX makes no effort to lock files or
|
||
|
|
records (tags), so be careful using <b>\counter</b>
|
||
|
|
if your hit rates are high enough so that frequent collisions
|
||
|
|
are likely. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> The same <b><i>counterfile</i></b> can contain as many different
|
||
|
|
<b><<i>tag</i>></b> lines as you like, so counters for
|
||
|
|
all the pages on your site can be maintained in one file.
|
||
|
|
MimeTeX also maintains a special <b><timestamp></b> tag
|
||
|
|
in <b><i>counterfile</i></b> that logs the the date/time and
|
||
|
|
name of the most recently updated tag. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Somewhat more detailed log information can be accumulated in
|
||
|
|
the optional <b><i>logfile</i></b>. If you provide that
|
||
|
|
filename, mimeTeX writes a line to it of the form
|
||
|
|
<b>2004-09-20:12:59:33pm <<i>tag</i>>=99 192.168.1.1 <i>http_referer</i></b>
|
||
|
|
containing a timestamp, the counter tag and its current value,
|
||
|
|
and the user's IP address and http_referer page if they're
|
||
|
|
available. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> The page hit counter displayed at the bottom-right corner
|
||
|
|
of this page is maintained by the command
|
||
|
|
<b>\counter[counters.log]{counters.txt:mimetex.html}</b>.
|
||
|
|
After compiling and installing your
|
||
|
|
own mimetex.cgi and your own copy of this page, that counter will
|
||
|
|
continually show <b>1<sup><u>st</u></sup></b>'s
|
||
|
|
unless/until you "touch" and "chmod" counters.txt (and, optionally,
|
||
|
|
counters.log) in your mimetex.cgi directory. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h2> <a name="exceptions"> (IIIh) Other Exceptions
|
||
|
|
to LaTeX Syntax </a> </h2>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h3> Binding Exceptions<font size=5>...</font> </h3>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> MimeTeX's bindings are pretty much left-to-right. For example,
|
||
|
|
although mimeTeX correctly interprets <b>\frac12</b> as well as
|
||
|
|
<b>\frac{1}{2}</b>, etc, the legal LaTeX expression <b>x^\frac12</b>
|
||
|
|
must be written <b>x^{\frac12}</b>. Otherwise, mimeTeX interprets
|
||
|
|
it as <b>{x^\frac}12</b>, i.e., the same way <b>x^\alpha12</b>
|
||
|
|
would be interpreted, which is entirely wrong for <b>\frac</b>.
|
||
|
|
The same requirement also applies to other combinations of commands,
|
||
|
|
e.g., you must write <b>\sqrt{\frac\alpha\beta}</b>, etc. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<!-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
|
||
|
|
SECTION IV. APPENDICES
|
||
|
|
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
|
||
|
|
<h1> <a name="appendices"> (IV) Appendices </a> </h1>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Programming information to help you modify mimeTeX's behavior,
|
||
|
|
and to use its functionality in your own programs, is provided
|
||
|
|
by these appendices. The currently available appendices discuss
|
||
|
|
(a)how to modify or extend mimeTeX's fonts, (b)how to use
|
||
|
|
mimeTeX's principal function, make_raster(), and (c)how to use
|
||
|
|
<a href="http://shh.thathost.com" target="_top">Sverre Huseby's</a>
|
||
|
|
gifsave.c library. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h2> <a name="fonts"> (IVa) mimeTeX Fonts </a> </h2>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> The font information mimeTeX uses to render characters is
|
||
|
|
derived from .gf font files (usually generated by <b>metafont</b>
|
||
|
|
running against .mf files), which are then run through
|
||
|
|
<b>gftype -i</b> and finally through my <b>gfuntype</b> program
|
||
|
|
(supplied with your mimeTeX distribution). </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> The final output from each such sequence of three runs
|
||
|
|
(metafont > gftype -i > gfuntype) gives mimeTeX the
|
||
|
|
bitmap information it needs to render one particular font
|
||
|
|
family at one particular size. The file <b>texfonts.h</b>
|
||
|
|
supplied with your mimeTeX distribution collects the output
|
||
|
|
from 56 such (sequences of) runs, representing seven font
|
||
|
|
families at eight sizes each. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> This collection of information in texfonts.h is
|
||
|
|
"wired" into mimeTeX through tables maintained in <b>mimetex.h</b>.
|
||
|
|
To change mimeTeX's fonts, you'll have to first modify (or totally
|
||
|
|
replace) texfonts.h using your own gfuntype output, and then
|
||
|
|
change mimetex.h to reflect your texfonts.h modifications. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> This appendix provides a brief description of the above
|
||
|
|
process, though you'll probably need at least some previous
|
||
|
|
C programming experience to confidently accomplish it.
|
||
|
|
Your motivation might be to add more fonts to mimeTeX,
|
||
|
|
to change the font sizes I chose, or to add more
|
||
|
|
font sizes, etc. MimeTeX's design permits all this to be
|
||
|
|
easily done once you understand the process. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Running <b>metafont</b> to generate a <b>.gf</b> file from <b>.mf</b>
|
||
|
|
source will usually be your very first step. A typical such run
|
||
|
|
might be </p>
|
||
|
|
<!-- <b>mf '\mode=onetz; mag=magstep(.5); input cmmi10'</b> --> <center>
|
||
|
|
<b>mf '\mode=preview; mag=magstep(-16.393225); input cmmi10'</b></center>
|
||
|
|
<p class="continue"> which in this case generates output file
|
||
|
|
<b>cmmi10.131gf</b> (which is mimeTeX's font size 3 for the
|
||
|
|
cmmi family). </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Given the cmmi10.131gf file from this metafont run
|
||
|
|
(or substitute any other .gf file you like), next run </p>
|
||
|
|
<center><b>gftype -i cmmi10.131gf > typeout</b></center>
|
||
|
|
<p class="continue"> where <b>typeout</b> can be any temporary
|
||
|
|
filename you like. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Finally, run <b>gfuntype</b> against the typeout file
|
||
|
|
you just generated with the command </p>
|
||
|
|
<center><b>gfuntype -n cmmi131 typeout cmmi131.h</b></center>
|
||
|
|
<p class="continue"> to generate the final output file <b>cmmi131.h</b>
|
||
|
|
(or any filename you supply as the last arg). This
|
||
|
|
contains the cmmi data in an array whose name is taken
|
||
|
|
from the <b>-n</b> arg you supplied to gfuntype. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> The above sequence of three runs resulted in output file
|
||
|
|
<b>cmmi131.h</b>, containing the font information mimeTeX needs
|
||
|
|
for one font family (cmmi) at one font size (3). Repeat this
|
||
|
|
sequence of three runs for each font size and each font family.
|
||
|
|
Then pull all the output files into one big <b>texfonts.h</b> file
|
||
|
|
(or write a small texfonts.h which just #include's them all). </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> For your information, the 64 sequences of runs represented
|
||
|
|
in the texfonts.h file supplied with your mimeTeX distribution
|
||
|
|
correspond to the following eight inital metafont runs for cmr10 </p>
|
||
|
|
<!--
|
||
|
|
1 (.100gf) mf '\mode=nextscrn; input cmr10'
|
||
|
|
2 (.118gf) mf '\mode=lview; input cmr10'
|
||
|
|
3 (.131gf) mf '\mode=onetz; mag=magstep(.5); input cmr10'
|
||
|
|
4 (.160gf) mf '\mode=itoh; input cmr10'
|
||
|
|
5 (.180gf) mf '\mode=lqlores; input cmr10'
|
||
|
|
-->
|
||
|
|
<pre> size=0 (.83gf) mf '\mode=eighthre; input cmr10'
|
||
|
|
1 (.100gf) mf '\mode=preview; mag=magstep(-17.874274); input cmr10'
|
||
|
|
2 (.118gf) mf '\mode=preview; mag=magstep(-16.966458); input cmr10'
|
||
|
|
3 (.131gf) mf '\mode=preview; mag=magstep(-16.393225); input cmr10'
|
||
|
|
4 (.160gf) mf '\mode=preview; mag=magstep(-15.296391); input cmr10'
|
||
|
|
5 (.180gf) mf '\mode=preview; mag=magstep(-14.650373); input cmr10'
|
||
|
|
6 (.210gf) mf '\mode=preview; mag=magstep(-13.804885); input cmr10'
|
||
|
|
7 (.250gf) mf '\mode=preview; mag=magstep(-12.848589); input cmr10'</pre>
|
||
|
|
<p class="continue">
|
||
|
|
Then ditto for the seven other font families cmmi10, cmmib10, cmsy10,
|
||
|
|
cmex10, bbold10, rsfs10, stmary10. And to generate other
|
||
|
|
<b>.</b><i>dpi</i><b>gf</b> font sizes, calculate magsteps
|
||
|
|
<img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\normalsize\frac{\log(dpi/2602)}{\log1.2}"
|
||
|
|
alt="" align=middle border=0>. All the subsequent gftype and
|
||
|
|
gfuntype runs just follow the standard format described above. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> To incorporate all this font information you just generated into
|
||
|
|
mimeTeX, edit your <b>mimetex.h</b> file and find the table that looks
|
||
|
|
something like </p><pre>static fontfamily aafonttable[] = {
|
||
|
|
/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
|
family size=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
|
||
|
|
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
|
||
|
|
{ CMR10,{ cmr83, cmr100, cmr118, cmr131, cmr160, cmr180, cmr210, cmr250}},
|
||
|
|
{ CMMI10,{ cmmi83, cmmi100, cmmi118, cmmi131, cmmi160, cmmi180, cmmi210, cmmi250}},
|
||
|
|
{ CMMIB10,{ cmmib83, cmmib100, cmmib118, cmmib131, cmmib160, cmmib180, cmmib210, cmmib250}},
|
||
|
|
{ CMSY10,{ cmsy83, cmsy100, cmsy118, cmsy131, cmsy160, cmsy180, cmsy210, cmsy250}},
|
||
|
|
{ CMEX10,{ cmex83, cmex100, cmex118, cmex131, cmex160, cmex180, cmex210, cmex250}},
|
||
|
|
{ RSFS10,{ rsfs83, rsfs100, rsfs118, rsfs131, rsfs160, rsfs180, rsfs210, rsfs250}},
|
||
|
|
{ BBOLD10,{ bbold83, bbold100, bbold118, bbold131, bbold160, bbold180, bbold210, bbold250}},
|
||
|
|
{STMARY10,{stmary83,stmary100,stmary118,stmary131,stmary160,stmary180,stmary210,stmary250}},
|
||
|
|
{ -999,{ NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL}}
|
||
|
|
} ; /* --- end-of-fonttable[] --- */</pre><p class="continue">
|
||
|
|
Note the 64 names <b>cmr83...stmary250</b> in the table. These must
|
||
|
|
correspond to (or must be changed to) the names following the <b>-n</b>
|
||
|
|
switch you specified for your gfuntype runs. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> If you want more than eight font sizes, first build up texfonts.h
|
||
|
|
with all the necessary information. Then change LARGESTSIZE (and
|
||
|
|
probably NORMALSIZE) in mimetex.h, and finally edit the above aafonttable[]
|
||
|
|
by extending the columns in each row up to your largest size. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> You can also add new rows by #define'ing a new family,
|
||
|
|
and then adding a whole lot of character definitions at the bottom
|
||
|
|
of mimetex.h, all in the obvious way (i.e., it should become obvious
|
||
|
|
after reviewing mimetex.h). A new row would be required,
|
||
|
|
for example, to make another font available in mimeTeX. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> One small problem with the above procedure is that the default
|
||
|
|
gftype program supplied with most TeX distributions
|
||
|
|
can't emit the long lines needed to display mimeTeX's larger font
|
||
|
|
sizes. You'll need to compile your own version from source.
|
||
|
|
The following instructions are for Unix/Linux: <br>
|
||
|
|
First, download both
|
||
|
|
<a href="http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/systems/web2c/web-7.5.3.tar.gz"
|
||
|
|
target="_top">web-7.5.3.tar.gz</a> and
|
||
|
|
<a href="http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/systems/web2c/web2c-7.5.3.tar.gz"
|
||
|
|
target="_top">web2c-7.5.3.tar.gz</a>,
|
||
|
|
or more recent versions. Then untar them both,
|
||
|
|
cd web2c-7.5.3/ and run ./configure
|
||
|
|
and make in the usual way (make may fail before
|
||
|
|
completion if you don't have all needed fonts installed,
|
||
|
|
but it will create and compile gftype.c before failing). Now edit
|
||
|
|
texk/web2c/gftype.c and notice two lines very near the top
|
||
|
|
that #define maxrow (79)   and similarly for maxcol.
|
||
|
|
Change both 79's to 1024, and then re-run make. The new
|
||
|
|
texk/web2c/gftype executable image can emit the long
|
||
|
|
lines needed for mimeTeX's larger font sizes. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Finally, the Unix/Linux bash shell script
|
||
|
|
<a href="http://www.forkosh.com/texfonts.sh"
|
||
|
|
target="_top">texfonts.sh</a> generates file texfonts.h
|
||
|
|
containing the information for all 64 mimeTeX fonts discussed above
|
||
|
|
(and, optionally, an extra 1200dpi cmr font used to test mimeTeX's
|
||
|
|
supersampling algorithm). You'll need to understand and edit this
|
||
|
|
script to use it meaningfully. But it helps automate mimeTeX's font
|
||
|
|
generation procedure in case you want to experiment with different
|
||
|
|
fonts. (Note that metafont emits a complaint while generating the
|
||
|
|
83dpi rsfs font. Just press <CR> and it completes
|
||
|
|
successfully.) </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h2> <a name="makeraster"> (IVb) mimeTeX's make_raster()
|
||
|
|
function </a> </h2>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> MimeTeX converts an input LaTeX math expression to a corresponding GIF
|
||
|
|
image in two steps. First, it converts the input LaTeX expression to a
|
||
|
|
corresponding bitmap raster. Then <a href="http://shh.thathost.com"
|
||
|
|
target="_top">Sverre Huseby's</a> gifsave library, discussed
|
||
|
|
<a href="#gifsave">below</a>, converts that bitmap to the emitted gif.
|
||
|
|
Though you never explicitly see that bitmap, it's mimeTeX's principal
|
||
|
|
result. MimeTeX is written so any program can easily use its
|
||
|
|
expression-to-bitmap conversion capability with just a single line of code.
|
||
|
|
The following complete program demonstrates the simplest such use. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<pre> #include <stdio.h>
|
||
|
|
#include "mimetex.h"
|
||
|
|
int main ( int argc, char *argv[] )
|
||
|
|
{
|
||
|
|
raster *rp = make_raster(argv[1],NORMALSIZE);
|
||
|
|
type_raster(rp,stdout); /* display ascii image of raster */
|
||
|
|
}</pre>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Cut-and-paste the above sample code from this file to, say,
|
||
|
|
mimedemo.c (and fix the brackets around stdio.h). Then compile <br>
|
||
|
|
cc mimedemo.c mimetex.c -lm -o mimedemo <br>
|
||
|
|
and run it from your unix shell command line like <br>
|
||
|
|
./mimedemo "x^2+y^2" </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> MimeTeX's expression-to-bitmap conversion is accomplished by the
|
||
|
|
make_raster() call, whose first argument is just a pointer to a
|
||
|
|
(null-terminated) string containing any mimeTeX-compliant LaTeX
|
||
|
|
expression, and whose second argument is the mimeTeX font size
|
||
|
|
to use (overridden if your expression contains a preamble).
|
||
|
|
The ascii display of the bitmap raster returned by make_raster()
|
||
|
|
results from the subsequent call to type_raster(). That's all
|
||
|
|
this program does, but you could use make_raster()'s returned bitmap
|
||
|
|
for any other purpose you have in mind. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> MimeTeX's primary purpose is to emit either xbitmaps or gif images
|
||
|
|
rather than ascii displays. And mimeTeX has anti-aliasing and various
|
||
|
|
other options that further complicate its main() function compared to
|
||
|
|
the simple example above. The example below demonstrates mimeTeX
|
||
|
|
usage in the slightly more realistic situation where an input expression
|
||
|
|
is converted to a gif, without anti-aliasing, and emitted on stdout. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<pre> #include <stdio.h>
|
||
|
|
#include <stdlib.h>
|
||
|
|
#include "mimetex.h"
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
/* --- global needed by callback function, below, for gifsave.c --- */
|
||
|
|
static raster *rp = NULL; /* 0/1 bitmap raster image */
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
/* --- callback function to return pixel value at col x, row y --- */
|
||
|
|
int GetPixel ( int x, int y ) /* pixel value will be 0 or 1 */
|
||
|
|
{ return (int)getpixel(rp,y,x); } /* just use getpixel() macro */
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
/* --- main() entry point --- */
|
||
|
|
int main ( int argc, char *argv[] )
|
||
|
|
{
|
||
|
|
/* --- get LaTeX expression from either browser query or command-line --- */
|
||
|
|
char *query = getenv("QUERY_STRING"), /* check for query string */
|
||
|
|
*expression = (query!=NULL? query : /* input either from query */
|
||
|
|
(argc>1? argv[1] : "f(x)=x^2")); /* or from command line */
|
||
|
|
/* ---- mimeTeX converts expression to bitmap raster ---- */
|
||
|
|
rp = make_raster(expression,NORMALSIZE); /* mimeTeX rasterizes expression */
|
||
|
|
/* ---- convert returned bitmap raster to gif, and emit it on stdout ---- */
|
||
|
|
if ( query != NULL ) /* Content-type line for browser */
|
||
|
|
fprintf( stdout, "Content-type: image/gif\n\n" );
|
||
|
|
/* --- initialize gifsave library and colors, and set transparent bg --- */
|
||
|
|
GIF_Create(NULL, rp->width, rp->height, 2, 8); /* init for black/white */
|
||
|
|
GIF_SetColor(0, 255, 255, 255); /* always set background white */
|
||
|
|
GIF_SetColor(1, 0, 0, 0); /* and foreground black */
|
||
|
|
GIF_SetTransparent(0); /* and set transparent background */
|
||
|
|
/* --- finally, emit compressed gif image (to stdout) --- */
|
||
|
|
GIF_CompressImage(0, 0, -1, -1, GetPixel);
|
||
|
|
GIF_Close();
|
||
|
|
}</pre>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Cut-and-paste as before, compile like <br>
|
||
|
|
cc mimedemo.c mimetex.c gifsave.c
|
||
|
|
-lm -o mimedemo <br>
|
||
|
|
and run it like the first example, but this time you may want to redirect
|
||
|
|
stdout <br>
|
||
|
|
./mimedemo "x^2+y^2"
|
||
|
|
<b>></b> mimedemo.gif <br>
|
||
|
|
since output is now a gif image consisting of mostly unprintable bytes.
|
||
|
|
Input is typically from the command line as illustrated, but this example
|
||
|
|
checks for a browser query string too. That means you could actually
|
||
|
|
replace mimetex.cgi with this executable, though anti-aliasing wouldn't
|
||
|
|
be available. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> Of course, this example's intent isn't to replace the mimetex.cgi
|
||
|
|
executable, but rather to illustrate GIFSAVE library usage, documented
|
||
|
|
in detail below. And this example also illustrates usage of several
|
||
|
|
mimeTeX raster structure elements, like rp->width and rp->height.
|
||
|
|
So you'll probably also want to refer to mimetex.h, which contains those
|
||
|
|
raster structures and other relevant definitions. For instance, the
|
||
|
|
example's GetPixel() callback function illustrates usage of the getpixel()
|
||
|
|
macro in mimetex.h, to retrieve individual pixels by their x,y-coordinates.
|
||
|
|
And there's a similar setpixel() macro in mimetex.h to store pixels.
|
||
|
|
After completing all this reading, you'll be prepared to begin using
|
||
|
|
mimeTeX functions in your own code. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h2> <a name="gifsave">
|
||
|
|
(IVc)</a> <a href="http://shh.thathost.com" target="_top">Sverre Huseby's</a>
|
||
|
|
gifsave.c library </h2>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> The information below is taken from the README file accompanying
|
||
|
|
<a href="http://shh.thathost.com" target="_top">Sverre Huseby's</a>
|
||
|
|
distribution of GIFSAVE. I've made a few small editorial modifications,
|
||
|
|
including descriptions of the several minor changes necessary
|
||
|
|
to support mimeTeX. And the mimeTeX example program immediately above
|
||
|
|
uses GIFSAVE in a very straightforward way that should help clarify
|
||
|
|
any questions which may remain after reading the documentation below. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<pre>
|
||
|
|
INTRODUCTION
|
||
|
|
============
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
The GIFSAVE functions make it possible to save GIF images from
|
||
|
|
your own C programs.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
GIFSAVE creates simple GIF files following the GIF87a standard.
|
||
|
|
Interlaced images cannot be created. There should only be
|
||
|
|
one image per file.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
GIFSAVE consists of five functions, all returning type int,
|
||
|
|
and no separate header file is required.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
The functions should be called in the order listed below
|
||
|
|
for each GIF-file. One file must be closed before a new one
|
||
|
|
can be created.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
GIF_Create() creates new GIF-files. It takes parameters
|
||
|
|
specifying filename, screen size, number of colors,
|
||
|
|
and color resolution.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
GIF_SetColor() sets up red, green, blue color components.
|
||
|
|
It should be called once for each possible color.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
GIF_SetTransparent() is optional. If called, it sets the
|
||
|
|
color number of the color that should be transparent,
|
||
|
|
i.e., the background color shows through this one.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
GIF_CompressImage() performs the compression of the image.
|
||
|
|
It accepts parameters describing the position and size
|
||
|
|
of the image on screen, and a user defined callback
|
||
|
|
function that is supposed to fetch the pixel values.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
GIF_Close() terminates and closes the file.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
To use these functions, you must also write a callback
|
||
|
|
function that returns the pixel values for each point
|
||
|
|
in the image.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
THE FUNCTIONS
|
||
|
|
=============
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
GIF_Create()
|
||
|
|
------------
|
||
|
|
Function Creates a new GIF-file, and stores info on
|
||
|
|
the screen.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Syntax int GIF_Create(
|
||
|
|
char *filename,
|
||
|
|
int width, int height,
|
||
|
|
int numcolors, int colorres
|
||
|
|
);
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Remarks Creates a new (or overwrites an existing)
|
||
|
|
GIF-file with the given filename. No
|
||
|
|
.GIF-extension is added.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
If filename is passed as a NULL pointer,
|
||
|
|
output is directed to stdout.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
The width- and height- parameters specify
|
||
|
|
the size of the image in pixels.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
numcolors is the number of colors used in
|
||
|
|
the image.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
colorres is number of bits used to encode a
|
||
|
|
primary color (red, green or blue).
|
||
|
|
In GIF-files, colors are built by combining
|
||
|
|
given amounts of each primary color.
|
||
|
|
On VGA-cards, each color is built by
|
||
|
|
combining red, green and blue values in
|
||
|
|
the range [0, 63]. Encoding the number 63
|
||
|
|
would require 6 bits, so colorres would be
|
||
|
|
set to 6.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Return value GIF_OK - OK
|
||
|
|
GIF_ERRCREATE - Error creating file
|
||
|
|
GIF_ERRWRITE - Error writing to file
|
||
|
|
GIF_OUTMEM - Out of memory
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
GIF_SetColor()
|
||
|
|
--------------
|
||
|
|
Function Specifies the primary color component of a
|
||
|
|
color used in the image.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Syntax void GIF_SetColor(
|
||
|
|
int colornum,
|
||
|
|
int red, int green, int blue
|
||
|
|
);
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Remarks This function updates the colortable-values
|
||
|
|
for color number colornum in the image.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Should be called for each color in the range
|
||
|
|
[0, numcolors]
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
with red, green and blue components in the
|
||
|
|
range [0, (2^colorres)-1]
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
colorres and colornum are values previousely
|
||
|
|
given to the function GIF_Create().
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Return value None
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
GIF_SetTransparent()
|
||
|
|
--------------------
|
||
|
|
Function Specifies the color number of the color
|
||
|
|
that should be considered transparent.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Syntax void GIF_SetTransparent(
|
||
|
|
int colornum
|
||
|
|
);
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Remarks Need not be called at all. But if called,
|
||
|
|
should be called only once with colornum in
|
||
|
|
the range [0, numcolors] i.e., colornum
|
||
|
|
must be one of the values previously
|
||
|
|
given to GIF_SetColor().
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Return value None
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
GIF_CompressImage()
|
||
|
|
-------------------
|
||
|
|
Function Compresses an image and stores it in the
|
||
|
|
current file.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Syntax int GIF_CompressImage(
|
||
|
|
int left, int top,
|
||
|
|
int width, int height,
|
||
|
|
int (*getpixel)(int x, int y)
|
||
|
|
);
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Remarks The left- and top- parameters indicate the
|
||
|
|
image offset from the upper left corner of
|
||
|
|
the screen. They also give the start values
|
||
|
|
for calls to the userdefined callback
|
||
|
|
function.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
width and height give the size of the image.
|
||
|
|
A value of -1 indicates the equivalent screen
|
||
|
|
size given in the call to GIF_Create().
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
If the image is supposed to cover the entire
|
||
|
|
screen, values 0, 0, -1, -1 should be given.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
GIF_CompressImage() obtains the pixel values
|
||
|
|
by calling a user specified function. This
|
||
|
|
function is passed in the parameter getpixel.
|
||
|
|
See "callback()" further down for a
|
||
|
|
description of this function.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Return value GIF_OK - OK
|
||
|
|
GIF_ERRWRITE - Error writing to file
|
||
|
|
GIF_OUTMEM - Out of memory
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
GIF_Close()
|
||
|
|
-----------
|
||
|
|
Function Closes the GIF-file.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Syntax int GIF_Close(void);
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Remarks This function writes a terminating descriptor
|
||
|
|
to the file, and then closes it. Also frees
|
||
|
|
memory used by the other functions of GIFSAVE.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Return value GIF_OK - OK
|
||
|
|
GIF_ERRWRITE - Error writing to file
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
THE CALLBACK FUNCTION
|
||
|
|
=====================
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
callback()
|
||
|
|
----------
|
||
|
|
Function Obtains pixel-values for the
|
||
|
|
GIF_CompressImage() -function.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Syntax int callback(int x, int y);
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Remarks This function must be written by the
|
||
|
|
programmer. It should accept two integer
|
||
|
|
parameters specifying a point in the image,
|
||
|
|
and return the pixel value at this point.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
The ranges for these parameters are as
|
||
|
|
follows
|
||
|
|
x : [img_left, img_left + img_width - 1]
|
||
|
|
y : [img_top, img_top + img_height - 1]
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
where img_left, img_top, img_width and
|
||
|
|
img_height are the values left, top, width
|
||
|
|
and height passed to GIF_CompressImage().
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
An example; if the screen has width 640 and
|
||
|
|
height 350, and the image covers the entire
|
||
|
|
screen, x will be in the range [0, 639]
|
||
|
|
and y in the range [0, 349].
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
callback() need not get its values from the
|
||
|
|
screen. The values can be fetched from a
|
||
|
|
memory array, they can be calculated for
|
||
|
|
each point requested, etc.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
The function is passed as a parameter to
|
||
|
|
GIF_CompressImage(), and can thus have any
|
||
|
|
name, not only callback().
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Return value Pixel value at the point requested. Should
|
||
|
|
be in the range [0, numcolors-1] where
|
||
|
|
numcolors is as specified to GIF_Create().
|
||
|
|
</pre>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<!-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
|
||
|
|
CONCLUDING REMARKS
|
||
|
|
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
|
||
|
|
<h1 id="remarks"> Concluding Remarks </h1>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p> I hope you find mimeTeX useful. If so, a contribution to your
|
||
|
|
country's <a href="http://www.tug.org" target="_top">TeX Users Group</a>,
|
||
|
|
or to the <a href="http://www.gnu.org" target="_top">GNU</a> project, is
|
||
|
|
suggested, especially if you're a company that's currently profitable. </p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<!--
|
||
|
|
<p> If you also like mimeTeX's source, I'm an independent contractor
|
||
|
|
incorporated in the US as John Forkosh Associates, Inc.
|
||
|
|
A <a href="http://www.forkosh.com/resume.html" target="_top">resume</a>
|
||
|
|
is at <a href="http://www.forkosh.com" target="_top">www.forkosh.com</a>
|
||
|
|
or email
|
||
|
|
<a href="mailto:john@forkosh.com">john@forkosh.com</a> </p>
|
||
|
|
-->
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<!-- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
|
||
|
|
Footer across bottom of page
|
||
|
|
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
|
||
|
|
<hr size=4>
|
||
|
|
<table> <tr>
|
||
|
|
<td> <font size=3 color="maroon"> <b>
|
||
|
|
<nobr>Copyright <font size=5>©</font> 2002-2005,
|
||
|
|
<a href="http://www.forkosh.com">John Forkosh Associates, Inc.</a>
|
||
|
|
</nobr><br>
|
||
|
|
email: <a href="mailto:john@forkosh.com">john@forkosh.com</a>
|
||
|
|
</b> </font> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td> <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\hspace{100}" alt="" border=0> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td> <img src="../cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?\blue{\small\rm You're the }
|
||
|
|
\Large\counter[counters.log]{counters.txt:mimetex.html}\\[0]
|
||
|
|
{\small\rm visitor to this page." alt="" border=0 align=bottom> </td>
|
||
|
|
</tr> </table>
|
||
|
|
</body>
|
||
|
|
</html>
|
||
|
|
<!-- end-of-file mimetex.html -->
|