chamilo-lms/main/inc/lib/moodleexport/MoodleExport.php

<?php

/* For licensing terms, see /license.txt */

namespace moodleexport;

use Exception;
use FillBlanks;
use ZipArchive;
use RecursiveIteratorIterator;
use RecursiveDirectoryIterator;

/**
 * Class MoodleExport.
 * Handles the export of a Moodle course in .mbz format.
 *
 * @package moodleexport
 */
class MoodleExport
{
    private $course;
    private static $adminUserData = [];

    /**
     * Constructor to initialize the course object.
     */
    public function __construct(object $course)
    {
        $this->course = $course;
    }

    /**
     * Export the Moodle course in .mbz format.
     */
    public function export(string $courseId, string $exportDir, int $version)
    {
        $tempDir = api_get_path(SYS_ARCHIVE_PATH) . $exportDir;

        if (!is_dir($tempDir)) {
            if (!mkdir($tempDir, api_get_permissions_for_new_directories(), true)) {
                throw new Exception(get_lang('ErrorCreatingDirectory'));
            }
        }

        $courseInfo = api_get_course_info($courseId);
        if (!$courseInfo) {
            throw new Exception(get_lang('CourseNotFound'));
        }

        // Generate the moodle_backup.xml
        $this->createMoodleBackupXml($tempDir, $version);

        // Get the activities from the course
        $activities = $this->getActivities();

        // Export course-related files
        $courseExport = new CourseExport($this->course, $activities);
        $courseExport->exportCourse($tempDir);

        // Export files-related data and actual files
        $fileExport = new FileExport($this->course);
        $filesData = $fileExport->getFilesData();
        $fileExport->exportFiles($filesData, $tempDir);

        // Export sections of the course
        $this->exportSections($tempDir);

        // Export all root XML files
        $this->exportRootXmlFiles($tempDir);

        // Compress everything into a .mbz (ZIP) file
        $exportedFile = $this->createMbzFile($tempDir);

        // Clean up temporary directory
        $this->cleanupTempDir($tempDir);

        return $exportedFile;
    }

    /**
     * Export root XML files such as badges, completion, gradebook, etc.
     */
    private function exportRootXmlFiles(string $exportDir): void
    {
        $this->exportBadgesXml($exportDir);
        $this->exportCompletionXml($exportDir);
        $this->exportGradebookXml($exportDir);
        $this->exportGradeHistoryXml($exportDir);
        $this->exportGroupsXml($exportDir);
        $this->exportOutcomesXml($exportDir);

        // Export quizzes and their questions
        $activities = $this->getActivities();
        $questionsData = [];
        foreach ($activities as $activity) {
            if ($activity['modulename'] === 'quiz') {
                $quizExport = new QuizExport($this->course);
                $quizData = $quizExport->getData($activity['id'], $activity['sectionid']);
                $questionsData[] = $quizData;
            }
        }
        $this->exportQuestionsXml($questionsData, $exportDir);

        $this->exportRolesXml($exportDir);
        $this->exportScalesXml($exportDir);
        $this->exportUsersXml($exportDir);
    }

    /**
     * Create the moodle_backup.xml file with the required course details.
     */
    private function createMoodleBackupXml(string $destinationDir, int $version): void
    {
        // Generate course information and backup metadata
        $courseInfo = api_get_course_info($this->course->code);
        $backupId = md5(uniqid(mt_rand(), true));
        $siteHash = md5(uniqid(mt_rand(), true));
        $wwwRoot = api_get_path(WEB_PATH);

        $courseStartDate = strtotime($courseInfo['creation_date']);
        $courseEndDate = $courseStartDate + (365 * 24 * 60 * 60);

        // Build the XML content for the backup
        $xmlContent = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '<moodle_backup>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '  <information>' . PHP_EOL;

        $xmlContent .= '    <name>backup-' . htmlspecialchars($courseInfo['code']) . '.mbz</name>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <moodle_version>' . ($version === 3 ? '2021051718' : '2022041900') . '</moodle_version>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <moodle_release>' . ($version === 3 ? '3.11.18 (Build: 20231211)' : '4.x version here') . '</moodle_release>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <backup_version>' . ($version === 3 ? '2021051700' : '2022041900') . '</backup_version>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <backup_release>' . ($version === 3 ? '3.11' : '4.x') . '</backup_release>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <backup_date>' . time() . '</backup_date>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <mnet_remoteusers>0</mnet_remoteusers>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <include_files>1</include_files>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <include_file_references_to_external_content>0</include_file_references_to_external_content>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <original_wwwroot>' . $wwwRoot . '</original_wwwroot>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <original_site_identifier_hash>' . $siteHash . '</original_site_identifier_hash>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <original_course_id>' . htmlspecialchars($courseInfo['real_id']) . '</original_course_id>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <original_course_format>' . get_lang('Topics') . '</original_course_format>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <original_course_fullname>' . htmlspecialchars($courseInfo['title']) . '</original_course_fullname>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <original_course_shortname>' . htmlspecialchars($courseInfo['code']) . '</original_course_shortname>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <original_course_startdate>' . $courseStartDate . '</original_course_startdate>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <original_course_enddate>' . $courseEndDate . '</original_course_enddate>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <original_course_contextid>' . $courseInfo['real_id'] . '</original_course_contextid>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <original_system_contextid>' . api_get_current_access_url_id() . '</original_system_contextid>' . PHP_EOL;

        $xmlContent .= '    <details>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '      <detail backup_id="' . $backupId . '">' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '        <type>course</type>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '        <format>moodle2</format>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '        <interactive>1</interactive>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '        <mode>10</mode>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '        <execution>1</execution>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '        <executiontime>0</executiontime>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '      </detail>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    </details>' . PHP_EOL;

        // Contents with activities and sections
        $xmlContent .= '    <contents>' . PHP_EOL;

        // Export sections dynamically and add them to the XML
        $sections = $this->getSections();
        if (!empty($sections)) {
            $xmlContent .= '      <sections>' . PHP_EOL;
            foreach ($sections as $section) {
                $xmlContent .= '        <section>' . PHP_EOL;
                $xmlContent .= '          <sectionid>' . $section['id'] . '</sectionid>' . PHP_EOL;
                $xmlContent .= '          <title>' . htmlspecialchars($section['name']) . '</title>' . PHP_EOL;
                $xmlContent .= '          <directory>sections/section_' . $section['id'] . '</directory>' . PHP_EOL;
                $xmlContent .= '        </section>' . PHP_EOL;
            }
            $xmlContent .= '      </sections>' . PHP_EOL;
        }

        $activities = $this->getActivities();
        if (!empty($activities)) {
            $xmlContent .= '      <activities>' . PHP_EOL;
            foreach ($activities as $activity) {
                $xmlContent .= '        <activity>' . PHP_EOL;
                $xmlContent .= '          <moduleid>' . $activity['moduleid'] . '</moduleid>' . PHP_EOL;
                $xmlContent .= '          <sectionid>' . $activity['sectionid'] . '</sectionid>' . PHP_EOL;
                $xmlContent .= '          <modulename>' . htmlspecialchars($activity['modulename']) . '</modulename>' . PHP_EOL;
                $xmlContent .= '          <title>' . htmlspecialchars($activity['title']) . '</title>' . PHP_EOL;
                $xmlContent .= '          <directory>activities/' . $activity['modulename'] . '_' . $activity['moduleid'] . '</directory>' . PHP_EOL;
                $xmlContent .= '        </activity>' . PHP_EOL;
            }
            $xmlContent .= '      </activities>' . PHP_EOL;
        }

        // Course directory
        $xmlContent .= '      <course>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '        <courseid>' . $courseInfo['real_id'] . '</courseid>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '        <title>' . htmlspecialchars($courseInfo['title']) . '</title>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '        <directory>course</directory>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '      </course>' . PHP_EOL;

        $xmlContent .= '    </contents>' . PHP_EOL;

        // Backup settings
        $xmlContent .= '    <settings>' . PHP_EOL;
        $settings = $this->exportBackupSettings($sections, $activities);
        foreach ($settings as $setting) {
            $xmlContent .= '      <setting>' . PHP_EOL;
            $xmlContent .= '        <level>' . htmlspecialchars($setting['level']) . '</level>' . PHP_EOL;
            $xmlContent .= '        <name>' . htmlspecialchars($setting['name']) . '</name>' . PHP_EOL;
            $xmlContent .= '        <value>' . $setting['value'] . '</value>' . PHP_EOL;
            if (isset($setting['section'])) {
                $xmlContent .= '        <section>' . htmlspecialchars($setting['section']) . '</section>' . PHP_EOL;
            }
            if (isset($setting['activity'])) {
                $xmlContent .= '        <activity>' . htmlspecialchars($setting['activity']) . '</activity>' . PHP_EOL;
            }
            $xmlContent .= '      </setting>' . PHP_EOL;
        }
        $xmlContent .= '    </settings>' . PHP_EOL;

        $xmlContent .= '  </information>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '</moodle_backup>';

        $xmlFile = $destinationDir . '/moodle_backup.xml';
        file_put_contents($xmlFile, $xmlContent);
    }

    /**
     * Get all sections from the course.
     */
    private function getSections(): array
    {
        $sectionExport = new SectionExport($this->course);
        $sections = [];

        foreach ($this->course->resources[RESOURCE_LEARNPATH] as $learnpath) {
            if ($learnpath->lp_type == '1') {
                $sections[] = $sectionExport->getSectionData($learnpath);
            }
        }

        // Add a general section for resources without a lesson
        $sections[] = [
            'id' => 0,
            'number' => 0,
            'name' => get_lang('General'),
            'summary' => get_lang('GeneralResourcesCourse'),
            'sequence' => 0,
            'visible' => 1,
            'timemodified' => time(),
            'activities' => $sectionExport->getActivitiesForGeneral(),
        ];

        return $sections;
    }

    /**
     * Get all activities from the course.
     */
    private function getActivities(): array
    {
        $activities = [];
        $glossaryAdded = false;

        foreach ($this->course->resources as $resourceType => $resources) {
            foreach ($resources as $resource) {
                $exportClass = null;
                $moduleName = '';
                $title = '';
                $id = 0;

                // Handle quizzes
                if ($resourceType === RESOURCE_QUIZ && $resource->obj->iid > 0) {
                    $exportClass = QuizExport::class;
                    $moduleName = 'quiz';
                    $id = $resource->obj->iid;
                    $title = $resource->obj->title;
                }
                // Handle links
                if ($resourceType === RESOURCE_LINK && $resource->source_id > 0) {
                    $exportClass = UrlExport::class;
                    $moduleName = 'url';
                    $id = $resource->source_id;
                    $title = $resource->title;
                }
                // Handle glossaries
                elseif ($resourceType === RESOURCE_GLOSSARY && $resource->glossary_id > 0 && !$glossaryAdded) {
                    $exportClass = GlossaryExport::class;
                    $moduleName = 'glossary';
                    $id = 1;
                    $title = get_lang('Glossary');
                    $glossaryAdded = true;
                }
                // Handle forums
                elseif ($resourceType === RESOURCE_FORUM && $resource->source_id > 0) {
                    $exportClass = ForumExport::class;
                    $moduleName = 'forum';
                    $id = $resource->obj->iid;
                    $title = $resource->obj->forum_title;
                }
                // Handle documents (HTML pages)
                elseif ($resourceType === RESOURCE_DOCUMENT && $resource->source_id > 0) {
                    $document = \DocumentManager::get_document_data_by_id($resource->source_id, $this->course->code);
                    if ('html' === pathinfo($document['path'], PATHINFO_EXTENSION)) {
                        $exportClass = PageExport::class;
                        $moduleName = 'page';
                        $id = $resource->source_id;
                        $title = $document['title'];
                    } elseif ('file' === $resource->file_type) {
                        $exportClass = ResourceExport::class;
                        $moduleName = 'resource';
                        $id = $resource->source_id;
                        $title = $resource->title;
                    } elseif ('folder' === $resource->file_type) {
                        $exportClass = FolderExport::class;
                        $moduleName = 'folder';
                        $id = $resource->source_id;
                        $title = $resource->title;
                    }
                }
                // Handle assignments (work)
                elseif ($resourceType === RESOURCE_WORK && $resource->source_id > 0) {
                    $exportClass = AssignExport::class;
                    $moduleName = 'assign';
                    $id = $resource->source_id;
                    $title = $resource->params['title'] ?? '';
                }
                // Handle feedback (survey)
                elseif ($resourceType === RESOURCE_SURVEY && $resource->source_id > 0) {
                    $exportClass = FeedbackExport::class;
                    $moduleName = 'feedback';
                    $id = $resource->source_id;
                    $title = $resource->params['title'] ?? '';
                }

                // Add the activity if the class and module name are set
                if ($exportClass && $moduleName) {
                    $exportInstance = new $exportClass($this->course);
                    $activities[] = [
                        'id' => $id,
                        'sectionid' => $exportInstance->getSectionIdForActivity($id, $resourceType),
                        'modulename' => $moduleName,
                        'moduleid' => $id,
                        'title' => $title,
                    ];
                }
            }
        }

        return $activities;
    }

    /**
     * Export the sections of the course.
     */
    private function exportSections(string $exportDir): void
    {
        $sections = $this->getSections();

        foreach ($sections as $section) {
            $sectionExport = new SectionExport($this->course);
            $sectionExport->exportSection($section['id'], $exportDir);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Create a .mbz (ZIP) file from the exported data.
     */
    private function createMbzFile(string $sourceDir): string
    {
        $zip = new ZipArchive();
        $zipFile = $sourceDir . '.mbz';

        if ($zip->open($zipFile, ZipArchive::CREATE | ZipArchive::OVERWRITE) !== true) {
            throw new Exception(get_lang('ErrorCreatingZip'));
        }

        $files = new RecursiveIteratorIterator(
            new RecursiveDirectoryIterator($sourceDir),
            RecursiveIteratorIterator::LEAVES_ONLY
        );

        foreach ($files as $file) {
            if (!$file->isDir()) {
                $filePath = $file->getRealPath();
                $relativePath = substr($filePath, strlen($sourceDir) + 1);

                if (!$zip->addFile($filePath, $relativePath)) {
                    throw new Exception(get_lang('ErrorAddingFileToZip') . ": $relativePath");
                }
            }
        }

        if (!$zip->close()) {
            throw new Exception(get_lang('ErrorClosingZip'));
        }

        return $zipFile;
    }

    /**
     * Clean up the temporary directory used for export.
     */
    private function cleanupTempDir(string $dir): void
    {
        $this->recursiveDelete($dir);
    }

    /**
     * Recursively delete a directory and its contents.
     */
    private function recursiveDelete(string $dir): void
    {
        $files = array_diff(scandir($dir), ['.', '..']);
        foreach ($files as $file) {
            $path = "$dir/$file";
            is_dir($path) ? $this->recursiveDelete($path) : unlink($path);
        }
        rmdir($dir);
    }

    /**
     * Export badges data to XML file.
     */
    private function exportBadgesXml(string $exportDir): void
    {
        $xmlContent = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '<badges>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '</badges>';
        file_put_contents($exportDir . '/badges.xml', $xmlContent);
    }

    /**
     * Export course completion data to XML file.
     */
    private function exportCompletionXml(string $exportDir): void
    {
        $xmlContent = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '<completions>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '</completions>';
        file_put_contents($exportDir . '/completion.xml', $xmlContent);
    }

    /**
     * Export gradebook data to XML file.
     */
    private function exportGradebookXml(string $exportDir): void
    {
        $xmlContent = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '<gradebook>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '</gradebook>';
        file_put_contents($exportDir . '/gradebook.xml', $xmlContent);
    }

    /**
     * Export grade history data to XML file.
     */
    private function exportGradeHistoryXml(string $exportDir): void
    {
        $xmlContent = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '<grade_history>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '</grade_history>';
        file_put_contents($exportDir . '/grade_history.xml', $xmlContent);
    }

    /**
     * Export groups data to XML file.
     */
    private function exportGroupsXml(string $exportDir): void
    {
        $xmlContent = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '<groups>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '</groups>';
        file_put_contents($exportDir . '/groups.xml', $xmlContent);
    }

    /**
     * Export outcomes data to XML file.
     */
    private function exportOutcomesXml(string $exportDir): void
    {
        $xmlContent = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '<outcomes>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '</outcomes>';
        file_put_contents($exportDir . '/outcomes.xml', $xmlContent);
    }

    /**
     * Export questions data to XML file.
     */
    public function exportQuestionsXml(array $questionsData, string $exportDir): void
    {
        $quizExport = new QuizExport($this->course);
        $xmlContent = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '<question_categories>' . PHP_EOL;

        foreach ($questionsData as $quiz) {
            $categoryId = $quiz['questions'][0]['questioncategoryid'] ?? '0';

            $xmlContent .= '  <question_category id="' . $categoryId . '">' . PHP_EOL;
            $xmlContent .= '    <name>Default for ' . htmlspecialchars($quiz['name'] ?? 'Unknown') . '</name>' . PHP_EOL;
            $xmlContent .= '    <contextid>' . ($quiz['contextid'] ?? '0') . '</contextid>' . PHP_EOL;
            $xmlContent .= '    <contextlevel>70</contextlevel>' . PHP_EOL;
            $xmlContent .= '    <contextinstanceid>' . ($quiz['moduleid'] ?? '0') . '</contextinstanceid>' . PHP_EOL;
            $xmlContent .= '    <info>The default category for questions shared in context "' . htmlspecialchars($quiz['name'] ?? 'Unknown') . '".</info>' . PHP_EOL;
            $xmlContent .= '    <infoformat>0</infoformat>' . PHP_EOL;
            $xmlContent .= '    <stamp>moodle+' . time() . '+CATEGORYSTAMP</stamp>' . PHP_EOL;
            $xmlContent .= '    <parent>0</parent>' . PHP_EOL;
            $xmlContent .= '    <sortorder>999</sortorder>' . PHP_EOL;
            $xmlContent .= '    <idnumber>$@NULL@$</idnumber>' . PHP_EOL;
            $xmlContent .= '    <questions>' . PHP_EOL;

            foreach ($quiz['questions'] as $question) {
                $xmlContent .= $quizExport->exportQuestion($question);
            }

            $xmlContent .= '    </questions>' . PHP_EOL;
            $xmlContent .= '  </question_category>' . PHP_EOL;
        }

        $xmlContent .= '</question_categories>';
        file_put_contents($exportDir . '/questions.xml', $xmlContent);
    }

    /**
     * Export roles data to XML file.
     */
    private function exportRolesXml(string $exportDir): void
    {
        $xmlContent = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '<roles_definition>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '  <role id="5">' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <name></name>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <shortname>student</shortname>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <nameincourse>$@NULL@$</nameincourse>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <description></description>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <sortorder>5</sortorder>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <archetype>student</archetype>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '  </role>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '</roles_definition>' . PHP_EOL;

        file_put_contents($exportDir . '/roles.xml', $xmlContent);
    }

    /**
     * Export scales data to XML file.
     */
    private function exportScalesXml(string $exportDir): void
    {
        $xmlContent = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '<scales>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '</scales>';
        file_put_contents($exportDir . '/scales.xml', $xmlContent);
    }

    /**
     * Sets the admin user data.
     */
    public function setAdminUserData(int $id, string $username, string $email): void
    {
        self::$adminUserData = [
            'id' => $id,
            'contextid' => $id,
            'username' => $username,
            'idnumber' => '',
            'email' => $email,
            'phone1' => '',
            'phone2' => '',
            'institution' => '',
            'department' => '',
            'address' => '',
            'city' => 'London',
            'country' => 'GB',
            'lastip' => '127.0.0.1',
            'picture' => '0',
            'description' => '',
            'descriptionformat' => 1,
            'imagealt' => '$@NULL@$',
            'auth' => 'manual',
            'firstname' => 'Admin',
            'lastname' => 'User',
            'confirmed' => 1,
            'policyagreed' => 0,
            'deleted' => 0,
            'lang' => 'en',
            'theme' => '',
            'timezone' => 99,
            'firstaccess' => time(),
            'lastaccess' => time() - (60 * 60 * 24 * 7),
            'lastlogin' => time() - (60 * 60 * 24 * 2),
            'currentlogin' => time(),
            'mailformat' => 1,
            'maildigest' => 0,
            'maildisplay' => 1,
            'autosubscribe' => 1,
            'trackforums' => 0,
            'timecreated' => time(),
            'timemodified' => time(),
            'trustbitmask' => 0,
            'preferences' => [
                ['name' => 'core_message_migrate_data', 'value' => 1],
                ['name' => 'auth_manual_passwordupdatetime', 'value' => time()],
                ['name' => 'email_bounce_count', 'value' => 1],
                ['name' => 'email_send_count', 'value' => 1],
                ['name' => 'login_failed_count_since_success', 'value' => 0],
                ['name' => 'filepicker_recentrepository', 'value' => 5],
                ['name' => 'filepicker_recentlicense', 'value' => 'unknown'],
            ],
        ];
    }

    /**
     * Returns hardcoded data for the admin user.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public static function getAdminUserData(): array
    {
        return self::$adminUserData;
    }

    /**
     * Export the user XML with admin user data.
     */
    private function exportUsersXml(string $exportDir): void
    {
        $adminData = self::getAdminUserData();

        $xmlContent = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '<users>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '  <user id="' . $adminData['id'] . '" contextid="' . $adminData['contextid'] . '">' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <username>' . $adminData['username'] . '</username>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <idnumber>' . $adminData['idnumber'] . '</idnumber>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <email>' . $adminData['email'] . '</email>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <phone1>' . $adminData['phone1'] . '</phone1>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <phone2>' . $adminData['phone2'] . '</phone2>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <institution>' . $adminData['institution'] . '</institution>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <department>' . $adminData['department'] . '</department>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <address>' . $adminData['address'] . '</address>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <city>' . $adminData['city'] . '</city>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <country>' . $adminData['country'] . '</country>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <lastip>' . $adminData['lastip'] . '</lastip>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <picture>' . $adminData['picture'] . '</picture>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <description>' . $adminData['description'] . '</description>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <descriptionformat>' . $adminData['descriptionformat'] . '</descriptionformat>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <imagealt>' . $adminData['imagealt'] . '</imagealt>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <auth>' . $adminData['auth'] . '</auth>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <firstname>' . $adminData['firstname'] . '</firstname>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <lastname>' . $adminData['lastname'] . '</lastname>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <confirmed>' . $adminData['confirmed'] . '</confirmed>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <policyagreed>' . $adminData['policyagreed'] . '</policyagreed>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <deleted>' . $adminData['deleted'] . '</deleted>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <lang>' . $adminData['lang'] . '</lang>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <theme>' . $adminData['theme'] . '</theme>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <timezone>' . $adminData['timezone'] . '</timezone>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <firstaccess>' . $adminData['firstaccess'] . '</firstaccess>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <lastaccess>' . $adminData['lastaccess'] . '</lastaccess>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <lastlogin>' . $adminData['lastlogin'] . '</lastlogin>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <currentlogin>' . $adminData['currentlogin'] . '</currentlogin>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <mailformat>' . $adminData['mailformat'] . '</mailformat>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <maildigest>' . $adminData['maildigest'] . '</maildigest>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <maildisplay>' . $adminData['maildisplay'] . '</maildisplay>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <autosubscribe>' . $adminData['autosubscribe'] . '</autosubscribe>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <trackforums>' . $adminData['trackforums'] . '</trackforums>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <timecreated>' . $adminData['timecreated'] . '</timecreated>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <timemodified>' . $adminData['timemodified'] . '</timemodified>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    <trustbitmask>' . $adminData['trustbitmask'] . '</trustbitmask>' . PHP_EOL;

        // Preferences
        if (isset($adminData['preferences']) && is_array($adminData['preferences'])) {
            $xmlContent .= '    <preferences>' . PHP_EOL;
            foreach ($adminData['preferences'] as $preference) {
                $xmlContent .= '      <preference>' . PHP_EOL;
                $xmlContent .= '        <name>' . htmlspecialchars($preference['name']) . '</name>' . PHP_EOL;
                $xmlContent .= '        <value>' . htmlspecialchars($preference['value']) . '</value>' . PHP_EOL;
                $xmlContent .= '      </preference>' . PHP_EOL;
            }
            $xmlContent .= '    </preferences>' . PHP_EOL;
        } else {
            $xmlContent .= '    <preferences></preferences>' . PHP_EOL;
        }

        // Roles (empty for now)
        $xmlContent .= '    <roles>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '      <role_overrides></role_overrides>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '      <role_assignments></role_assignments>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '    </roles>' . PHP_EOL;

        $xmlContent .= '  </user>' . PHP_EOL;
        $xmlContent .= '</users>';

        // Save the content to the users.xml file
        file_put_contents($exportDir . '/users.xml', $xmlContent);
    }

    /**
     * Export the backup settings, including dynamic settings for sections and activities.
     */
    private function exportBackupSettings(array $sections, array $activities): array
    {
        // root-level settings
        $settings = [
            ['level' => 'root', 'name' => 'filename', 'value' => 'backup-moodle-course-' . time() . '.mbz'],
            ['level' => 'root', 'name' => 'imscc11', 'value' => '0'],
            ['level' => 'root', 'name' => 'users', 'value' => '1'],
            ['level' => 'root', 'name' => 'anonymize', 'value' => '0'],
            ['level' => 'root', 'name' => 'role_assignments', 'value' => '1'],
            ['level' => 'root', 'name' => 'activities', 'value' => '1'],
            ['level' => 'root', 'name' => 'blocks', 'value' => '1'],
            ['level' => 'root', 'name' => 'files', 'value' => '1'],
            ['level' => 'root', 'name' => 'filters', 'value' => '1'],
            ['level' => 'root', 'name' => 'comments', 'value' => '1'],
            ['level' => 'root', 'name' => 'badges', 'value' => '1'],
            ['level' => 'root', 'name' => 'calendarevents', 'value' => '1'],
            ['level' => 'root', 'name' => 'userscompletion', 'value' => '1'],
            ['level' => 'root', 'name' => 'logs', 'value' => '0'],
            ['level' => 'root', 'name' => 'grade_histories', 'value' => '0'],
            ['level' => 'root', 'name' => 'questionbank', 'value' => '1'],
            ['level' => 'root', 'name' => 'groups', 'value' => '1'],
            ['level' => 'root', 'name' => 'competencies', 'value' => '0'],
            ['level' => 'root', 'name' => 'customfield', 'value' => '1'],
            ['level' => 'root', 'name' => 'contentbankcontent', 'value' => '1'],
            ['level' => 'root', 'name' => 'legacyfiles', 'value' => '1'],
        ];

        // section-level settings
        foreach ($sections as $section) {
            $settings[] = [
                'level' => 'section',
                'section' => 'section_' . $section['id'],
                'name' => 'section_' . $section['id'] . '_included',
                'value' => '1',
            ];
            $settings[] = [
                'level' => 'section',
                'section' => 'section_' . $section['id'],
                'name' => 'section_' . $section['id'] . '_userinfo',
                'value' => '1',
            ];
        }

        // activity-level settings
        foreach ($activities as $activity) {
            $settings[] = [
                'level' => 'activity',
                'activity' => $activity['modulename'] . '_' . $activity['moduleid'],
                'name' => $activity['modulename'] . '_' . $activity['moduleid'] . '_included',
                'value' => '1',
            ];
            $settings[] = [
                'level' => 'activity',
                'activity' => $activity['modulename'] . '_' . $activity['moduleid'],
                'name' => $activity['modulename'] . '_' . $activity['moduleid'] . '_userinfo',
                'value' => '1',
            ];
        }

        return $settings;
    }
}