@ -864,6 +864,13 @@ testdb=>
same line.
</para>
<para>
Many of the meta-commands also allow <literal>x</literal> to be appended
as an option. This will cause the results to be displayed in expanded
mode, as if <command>\x</command> or <command>\pset expanded</command>
had been used.
</para>
<para>
The following meta-commands are defined:
@ -1272,7 +1279,7 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-d">
<term><literal>\d[S+] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\d[Sx +] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
@ -1321,12 +1328,24 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
foreign tables.
This is purely a convenience measure.
</para>
<para>
As with many other commands, if <literal>x</literal> is appended to
the command name, the results are displayed in expanded mode, but note
that this only applies when <command>\d</command> is used without a
<replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable> argument, and
the <literal>x</literal> modifier cannot appear immediately after the
<command>\d</command> (because <command>\dx</command> is a different
command); the <literal>x</literal> modifier may only appear after an
<literal>S</literal> or <literal>+</literal> modifier. For example,
<command>\d+x</command> is equivalent to <command>\dtvmsE+x</command>
and will show a list of all relations in expanded mode.
</para>
</note>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-da-lc">
<term><literal>\da[S] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\da[Sx ] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
@ -1337,19 +1356,23 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a
pattern or the <literal>S</literal> modifier to include system
objects.
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-da-uc">
<term><literal>\dA[+] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\dA[x +] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Lists access methods. If <replaceable
class="parameter">pattern</replaceable> is specified, only access
methods whose names match the pattern are shown. If
<literal>+</literal> is appended to the command name, each access
methods whose names match the pattern are shown.
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
If <literal>+</literal> is appended to the command name, each access
method is listed with its associated handler function and description.
</para>
</listitem>
@ -1357,7 +1380,7 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-dac">
<term>
<literal>\dAc[+]
<literal>\dAc[x +]
[<link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">access-method-pattern</replaceable></link>
[<link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">input-type-pattern</replaceable></link>]]
</literal>
@ -1372,6 +1395,8 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
If <replaceable class="parameter">input-type-pattern</replaceable>
is specified, only operator classes associated with input types whose
names match that pattern are listed.
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
If <literal>+</literal> is appended to the command name, each operator
class is listed with its associated operator family and owner.
</para>
@ -1380,7 +1405,7 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-daf">
<term>
<literal>\dAf[+]
<literal>\dAf[x +]
[<link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">access-method-pattern</replaceable></link>
[<link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">input-type-pattern</replaceable></link>]]
</literal>
@ -1395,6 +1420,8 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
If <replaceable class="parameter">input-type-pattern</replaceable>
is specified, only operator families associated with input types whose
names match that pattern are listed.
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
If <literal>+</literal> is appended to the command name, each operator
family is listed with its owner.
</para>
@ -1403,7 +1430,7 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-dao">
<term>
<literal>\dAo[+]
<literal>\dAo[x +]
[<link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">access-method-pattern</replaceable></link>
[<link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">operator-family-pattern</replaceable></link>]]
</literal>
@ -1419,6 +1446,8 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
If <replaceable class="parameter">operator-family-pattern</replaceable>
is specified, only members of operator families whose names match that
pattern are listed.
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
If <literal>+</literal> is appended to the command name, each operator
is listed with its sort operator family (if it is an ordering operator),
and whether its underlying function is leakproof.
@ -1428,7 +1457,7 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-dap">
<term>
<literal>\dAp[+]
<literal>\dAp[x +]
[<link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">access-method-pattern</replaceable></link>
[<link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">operator-family-pattern</replaceable></link>]]
</literal>
@ -1443,6 +1472,8 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
If <replaceable class="parameter">operator-family-pattern</replaceable>
is specified, only functions of operator families whose names match
that pattern are listed.
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
If <literal>+</literal> is appended to the command name, functions are
displayed verbosely, with their actual parameter lists.
</para>
@ -1450,13 +1481,15 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-db">
<term><literal>\db[+] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\db[x +] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Lists tablespaces. If <replaceable
class="parameter">pattern</replaceable>
is specified, only tablespaces whose names match the pattern are shown.
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
If <literal>+</literal> is appended to the command name, each tablespace
is listed with its associated options, on-disk size, permissions and
description.
@ -1466,7 +1499,7 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-dc-lc">
<term><literal>\dc[S+] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\dc[Sx +] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Lists conversions between character-set encodings.
@ -1476,6 +1509,8 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a
pattern or the <literal>S</literal> modifier to include system
objects.
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
If <literal>+</literal> is appended to the command name, each object
is listed with its associated description.
</para>
@ -1484,7 +1519,7 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-dconfig">
<term><literal>\dconfig[+] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\dconfig[x +] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Lists server configuration parameters and their values.
@ -1493,6 +1528,8 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
a <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable>, only
parameters that are set to non-default values are listed.
(Use <literal>\dconfig *</literal> to see all parameters.)
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
If <literal>+</literal> is appended to the command name, each
parameter is listed with its data type, context in which the
parameter can be set, and access privileges (if non-default access
@ -1503,13 +1540,15 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-dc-uc">
<term><literal>\dC[+] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\dC[x +] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Lists type casts.
If <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable>
is specified, only casts whose source or target types match the
pattern are listed.
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
If <literal>+</literal> is appended to the command name, additional
information about each cast is shown, including whether its underlying
function is leakproof, and the cast's description.
@ -1519,7 +1558,7 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-dd-lc">
<term><literal>\dd[S] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\dd[Sx ] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Shows the descriptions of objects of type <literal>constraint</literal>,
@ -1536,6 +1575,8 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a
pattern or the <literal>S</literal> modifier to include system
objects.
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
</para>
<para>
@ -1548,7 +1589,7 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-dd-uc">
<term><literal>\dD[S+] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\dD[Sx +] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Lists domains. If <replaceable
@ -1557,6 +1598,8 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a
pattern or the <literal>S</literal> modifier to include system
objects.
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
If <literal>+</literal> is appended to the command name, each object
is listed with its associated permissions and description.
</para>
@ -1565,7 +1608,7 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-ddp">
<term><literal>\ddp [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\ddp[x] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Lists default access privilege settings. An entry is shown for
@ -1574,6 +1617,8 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
If <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable> is
specified, only entries whose role name or schema name matches
the pattern are listed.
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
</para>
<para>
@ -1587,12 +1632,12 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-de">
<term><literal>\dE[S+] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\di[S+] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\dm[S+] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\ds[S+] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\dt[S+] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\dv[S+] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\dE[Sx +] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\di[Sx +] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\dm[Sx +] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\ds[Sx +] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\dt[Sx +] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\dv[Sx +] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
@ -1605,7 +1650,10 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
You can specify any or all of
these letters, in any order, to obtain a listing of objects
of these types. For example, <literal>\dti</literal> lists
tables and indexes. If <literal>+</literal> is
tables and indexes.
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
If <literal>+</literal> is
appended to the command name, each object is listed with its
persistence status (permanent, temporary, or unlogged),
physical size on disk, and associated description if any.
@ -1620,14 +1668,17 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-des">
<term><literal>\des[+] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\des[x +] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Lists foreign servers (mnemonic: <quote>external
servers</quote>).
If <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable> is
specified, only those servers whose name matches the pattern
are listed. If the form <literal>\des+</literal> is used, a
are listed.
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
If <literal>+</literal> is appended to the command name, a
full description of each server is shown, including the
server's access privileges, type, version, options, and description.
</para>
@ -1636,14 +1687,17 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-det">
<term><literal>\det[+] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\det[x +] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Lists foreign tables (mnemonic: <quote>external tables</quote>).
If <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable> is
specified, only entries whose table name or schema name matches
the pattern are listed. If the form <literal>\det+</literal>
is used, generic options and the foreign table description
the pattern are listed.
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
If <literal>+</literal> is appended to the command name,
generic options and the foreign table description
are also displayed.
</para>
</listitem>
@ -1651,15 +1705,18 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-deu">
<term><literal>\deu[+] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\deu[x +] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Lists user mappings (mnemonic: <quote>external
users</quote>).
If <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable> is
specified, only those mappings whose user names match the
pattern are listed. If the form <literal>\deu+</literal> is
used, additional information about each mapping is shown.
pattern are listed.
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
If <literal>+</literal> is appended to the command name,
additional information about each mapping is shown.
</para>
<caution>
@ -1674,15 +1731,18 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-dew">
<term><literal>\dew[+] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\dew[x +] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Lists foreign-data wrappers (mnemonic: <quote>external
wrappers</quote>).
If <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable> is
specified, only those foreign-data wrappers whose name matches
the pattern are listed. If the form <literal>\dew+</literal>
is used, the access privileges, options, and description of the
the pattern are listed.
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
If <literal>+</literal> is appended to the command name,
the access privileges, options, and description of the
foreign-data wrapper are also shown.
</para>
</listitem>
@ -1690,7 +1750,7 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-df-lc">
<term><literal>\df[anptwS+] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> [ <replaceable class="parameter">arg_pattern</replaceable> ... ] ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\df[anptwSx +] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> [ <replaceable class="parameter">arg_pattern</replaceable> ... ] ]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
@ -1711,7 +1771,9 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
By default, only user-created
objects are shown; supply a pattern or the <literal>S</literal>
modifier to include system objects.
If the form <literal>\df+</literal> is used, additional information
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
If <literal>+</literal> is appended to the command name, additional information
about each function is shown, including volatility,
parallel safety, owner, security classification, whether it is
leakproof, access privileges, language, internal name (for C and
@ -1724,13 +1786,15 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-df-uc">
<term><literal>\dF[+] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\dF[x +] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Lists text search configurations.
If <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable> is specified,
only configurations whose names match the pattern are shown.
If the form <literal>\dF+</literal> is used, a full description of
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
If <literal>+</literal> is appended to the command name, a full description of
each configuration is shown, including the underlying text search
parser and the dictionary list for each parser token type.
</para>
@ -1738,13 +1802,15 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-dfd">
<term><literal>\dFd[+] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\dFd[x +] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Lists text search dictionaries.
If <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable> is specified,
only dictionaries whose names match the pattern are shown.
If the form <literal>\dFd+</literal> is used, additional information
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
If <literal>+</literal> is appended to the command name, additional information
is shown about each selected dictionary, including the underlying
text search template and the option values.
</para>
@ -1752,13 +1818,15 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-dfp">
<term><literal>\dFp[+] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\dFp[x +] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Lists text search parsers.
If <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable> is specified,
only parsers whose names match the pattern are shown.
If the form <literal>\dFp+</literal> is used, a full description of
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
If <literal>+</literal> is appended to the command name, a full description of
each parser is shown, including the underlying functions and the
list of recognized token types.
</para>
@ -1766,13 +1834,15 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-dft">
<term><literal>\dFt[+] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\dFt[x +] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Lists text search templates.
If <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable> is specified,
only templates whose names match the pattern are shown.
If the form <literal>\dFt+</literal> is used, additional information
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
If <literal>+</literal> is appended to the command name, additional information
is shown about each template, including the underlying function names.
</para>
</listitem>
@ -1780,7 +1850,7 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-dg">
<term><literal>\dg[S+] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\dg[Sx +] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Lists database roles.
@ -1791,7 +1861,9 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
<literal>S</literal> modifier to include system roles.
If <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable> is specified,
only those roles whose names match the pattern are listed.
If the form <literal>\dg+</literal> is used, additional information
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
If <literal>+</literal> is appended to the command name, additional information
is shown about each role; currently this adds the comment for each
role.
</para>
@ -1800,11 +1872,13 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-dl-lc">
<term><literal>\dl[+]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\dl[x +]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
This is an alias for <command>\lo_list</command>, which shows a
list of large objects.
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
If <literal>+</literal> is appended to the command name,
each large object is listed with its associated permissions,
if any.
@ -1813,7 +1887,7 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-dl-uc">
<term><literal>\dL[S+] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\dL[Sx +] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Lists procedural languages. If <replaceable
@ -1821,7 +1895,10 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
is specified, only languages whose names match the pattern are listed.
By default, only user-created languages
are shown; supply the <literal>S</literal> modifier to include system
objects. If <literal>+</literal> is appended to the command name, each
objects.
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
If <literal>+</literal> is appended to the command name, each
language is listed with its call handler, validator, access privileges,
and whether it is a system object.
</para>
@ -1830,7 +1907,7 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-dn">
<term><literal>\dn[S+] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\dn[Sx +] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
@ -1839,6 +1916,8 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
is specified, only schemas whose names match the pattern are listed.
By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a
pattern or the <literal>S</literal> modifier to include system objects.
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
If <literal>+</literal> is appended to the command name, each object
is listed with its associated permissions and description, if any.
</para>
@ -1847,7 +1926,7 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-do-lc">
<term><literal>\do[S+] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> [ <replaceable class="parameter">arg_pattern</replaceable> [ <replaceable class="parameter">arg_pattern</replaceable> ] ] ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\do[Sx +] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> [ <replaceable class="parameter">arg_pattern</replaceable> [ <replaceable class="parameter">arg_pattern</replaceable> ] ] ]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Lists operators with their operand and result types.
@ -1863,6 +1942,8 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a
pattern or the <literal>S</literal> modifier to include system
objects.
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
If <literal>+</literal> is appended to the command name,
additional information about each operator is shown, including
the name of the underlying function, and whether it is leakproof.
@ -1872,7 +1953,7 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-do-uc">
<term><literal>\dO[S+] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\dO[Sx +] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Lists collations.
@ -1880,7 +1961,10 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
specified, only collations whose names match the pattern are
listed. By default, only user-created objects are shown;
supply a pattern or the <literal>S</literal> modifier to
include system objects. If <literal>+</literal> is appended
include system objects.
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
If <literal>+</literal> is appended
to the command name, each collation is listed with its associated
description, if any.
Note that only collations usable with the current database's encoding
@ -1892,7 +1976,7 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-dp-lc">
<term><literal>\dp[S] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\dp[Sx ] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Lists tables, views and sequences with their
@ -1902,6 +1986,8 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
pattern are listed. By default only user-created objects are shown;
supply a pattern or the <literal>S</literal> modifier to include
system objects.
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
</para>
<para>
@ -1916,7 +2002,7 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-dp-uc">
<term><literal>\dP[itn+] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\dP[itnx +] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Lists partitioned relations.
@ -1936,6 +2022,8 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
</para>
<para>
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
If <literal>+</literal> is appended to the command name, the sum of the
sizes of each relation's partitions is also displayed, along with the
relation's description.
@ -1949,7 +2037,7 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-drds">
<term><literal>\drds [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">role-pattern</replaceable></link> [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">database-pattern</replaceable></link> ] ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\drds[x] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">role-pattern</replaceable></link> [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">database-pattern</replaceable></link> ] ]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Lists defined configuration settings. These settings can be
@ -1959,6 +2047,8 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
specific roles and databases to list, respectively. If omitted, or if
<literal>*</literal> is specified, all settings are listed, including those
not role-specific or database-specific, respectively.
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
</para>
<para>
@ -1972,7 +2062,7 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-drg">
<term><literal>\drg[S] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\drg[Sx ] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Lists information about each granted role membership, including
@ -1986,19 +2076,23 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
<literal>S</literal> modifier to include system roles.
If <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable> is specified,
only grants to those roles whose names match the pattern are listed.
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-drp">
<term><literal>\dRp[+] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\dRp[x +] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Lists replication publications.
If <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable> is
specified, only those publications whose names match the pattern are
listed.
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
If <literal>+</literal> is appended to the command name, the tables and
schemas associated with each publication are shown as well.
</para>
@ -2006,13 +2100,15 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-drs">
<term><literal>\dRs[+] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\dRs[x +] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Lists replication subscriptions.
If <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable> is
specified, only those subscriptions whose names match the pattern are
listed.
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
If <literal>+</literal> is appended to the command name, additional
properties of the subscriptions are shown.
</para>
@ -2020,12 +2116,14 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-dt">
<term><literal>\dT[S+] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\dT[Sx +] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Lists data types.
If <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable> is
specified, only types whose names match the pattern are listed.
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
If <literal>+</literal> is appended to the command name, each type is
listed with its internal name and size, its allowed values
if it is an <type>enum</type> type, and its associated permissions.
@ -2037,7 +2135,7 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-du">
<term><literal>\du[S+] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\du[Sx +] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Lists database roles.
@ -2048,7 +2146,9 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
<literal>S</literal> modifier to include system roles.
If <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable> is specified,
only those roles whose names match the pattern are listed.
If the form <literal>\du+</literal> is used, additional information
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
If <literal>+</literal> is appended to the command name, additional information
is shown about each role; currently this adds the comment for each
role.
</para>
@ -2056,27 +2156,31 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-dx-lc">
<term><literal>\dx[+] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\dx[x +] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Lists installed extensions.
If <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable>
is specified, only those extensions whose names match the pattern
are listed.
If the form <literal>\dx+</literal> is used, all the objects belonging
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
If <literal>+</literal> is appended to the command name, all the objects belonging
to each matching extension are listed.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-dx-uc">
<term><literal>\dX [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\dX[x] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Lists extended statistics.
If <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable>
is specified, only those extended statistics whose names match the
pattern are listed.
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
</para>
<para>
@ -2092,13 +2196,15 @@ SELECT $1 \parse stmt1
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-dy">
<term><literal>\dy[+] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\dy[x +] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Lists event triggers.
If <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable>
is specified, only those event triggers whose names match the pattern
are listed.
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
If <literal>+</literal> is appended to the command name, each object
is listed with its associated description.
</para>
@ -2686,13 +2792,15 @@ SELECT
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-list">
<term><literal>\l[+]</literal> or <literal>\list[+] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\l[x +]</literal> or <literal>\list[x +] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
List the databases in the server and show their names, owners,
character set encodings, and access privileges.
If <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable> is specified,
only databases whose names match the pattern are listed.
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
If <literal>+</literal> is appended to the command name, database
sizes, default tablespaces, and descriptions are also displayed.
(Size information is only available for databases that the current
@ -2756,12 +2864,14 @@ lo_import 152801
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-lo-list">
<term><literal>\lo_list[+]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\lo_list[x +]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Shows a list of all <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
large objects currently stored in the database,
along with any comments provided for them.
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
If <literal>+</literal> is appended to the command name,
each large object is listed with its associated permissions,
if any.
@ -3695,7 +3805,7 @@ testdb=> <userinput>\setenv LESS -imx4F</userinput>
<varlistentry id="app-psql-meta-command-z">
<term><literal>\z[S] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\z[Sx ] [ <link linkend="app-psql-patterns"><replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></link> ]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Lists tables, views and sequences with their
@ -3705,6 +3815,8 @@ testdb=> <userinput>\setenv LESS -imx4F</userinput>
pattern are listed. By default only user-created objects are shown;
supply a pattern or the <literal>S</literal> modifier to include
system objects.
If <literal>x</literal> is appended to the command name, the results
are displayed in expanded mode.
</para>
<para>
@ -5388,6 +5500,31 @@ testdb=> <userinput>\df int*pl * bigint</userinput>
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
Here, the <literal>+</literal> option is used to display additional
information about one of these functions, and <literal>x</literal> is used
to display the results in expanded mode:
<programlisting>
testdb=> <userinput>\df+x int*pl integer bigint</userinput>
List of functions
-[ RECORD 1 ]-------+-----------------------------
Schema | pg_catalog
Name | int48pl
Result data type | bigint
Argument data types | integer, bigint
Type | func
Volatility | immutable
Parallel | safe
Owner | postgres
Security | invoker
Leakproof? | no
Access privileges |
Language | internal
Internal name | int48pl
Description | implementation of + operator
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
When suitable, query results can be shown in a crosstab representation
with the <command>\crosstabview</command> command: