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SGML updates from post 6.3.2 manual changes. Added pg_upgrade man page.

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REL6_4
Bruce Momjian 27 years ago
parent 31bca4540e
commit 3c4e2bc9be
10 changed files with 477 additions and 309 deletions
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  1. 6
      doc/src/sgml/docguide.sgml
  2. 650
      doc/src/sgml/libpq.sgml
  3. 1
      doc/src/sgml/ref/allfiles.sgml
  4. 40
      doc/src/sgml/ref/create_sequence.sgml
  5. 20
      doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
  6. 3
      doc/src/sgml/ref/explain.sgml
  7. 2
      doc/src/sgml/ref/load.sgml
  8. 59
      doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_upgrade.sgml
  9. 3
      doc/src/sgml/ref/psql-ref.sgml
  10. 2
      doc/src/sgml/ref/select.sgml

6
doc/src/sgml/docguide.sgml
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@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
<!--
$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/docguide.sgml,v 1.8 1998/08/17 16:17:07 thomas Exp $
$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/docguide.sgml,v 1.9 1998/10/15 05:46:54 momjian Exp $
Documentation Guide
Thomas Lockhart
$Log: docguide.sgml,v $
Revision 1.9 1998/10/15 05:46:54 momjian
SGML updates from post 6.3.2 manual changes. Added pg_upgrade man page.
Revision 1.8 1998/08/17 16:17:07 thomas
Bring document list closer to up to day.
Add a note on sgml-tools that they are now working with jade and so
@ -464,6 +467,7 @@ Status
<row><entry> ./src/man/page.5 </entry><entry> Removed. Converted to page.sgml for Dev Guide </entry></row>
<row><entry> ./src/man/pg_dump.1 </entry><entry> Assimilate into Admin Guide </entry></row>
<row><entry> ./src/man/pg_dumpall.1 </entry><entry> Assimilate into Admin Guide </entry></row>
<row><entry> ./src/man/pg_upgrade.1 </entry><entry> Assimilate into Admin Guide </entry></row>
<row><entry> ./src/man/pg_hba.conf.5 </entry><entry> Assimilate into Admin Guide </entry></row>
<row><entry> ./src/man/pg_passwd.1 </entry><entry> Assimilate into Admin Guide </entry></row>
<row><entry> ./src/man/pgbuiltin.3 </entry><entry> Obsolete. Superceded by datatype.sgml </entry></row>

650
doc/src/sgml/libpq.sgml
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@ -1513,113 +1513,130 @@ for information on correct values for these environment variables.
<Para>
<ProgramListing>
/*
* testlibpq.c
* Test the C version of LIBPQ,
+ the <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> frontend library.
*
*
*/
* testlibpq.c Test the C version of Libpq, the Postgres frontend
* library.
*
*
*/
#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
#include "libpq-fe.h"
void
exit_nicely(PGconn* conn)
exit_nicely(PGconn *conn)
{
PQfinish(conn);
exit(1);
PQfinish(conn);
exit(1);
}
main()
{
char *pghost, *pgport, *pgoptions, *pgtty;
char* dbName;
int nFields;
int i,j;
/* FILE *debug; */
PGconn* conn;
PGresult* res;
/* begin, by setting the parameters for a backend connection
if the parameters are null, then the system will try to use
reasonable defaults by looking up environment variables
or, failing that, using hardwired constants */
pghost = NULL; /* host name of the backend server */
pgport = NULL; /* port of the backend server */
pgoptions = NULL; /* special options to start up the backend server */
pgtty = NULL; /* debugging tty for the backend server */
dbName = "template1";
/* make a connection to the database */
conn = PQsetdb(pghost, pgport, pgoptions, pgtty, dbName);
/* check to see that the backend connection was successfully made */
if (PQstatus(conn) == CONNECTION_BAD) {
fprintf(stderr,"Connection to database '&percnt;s' failed.\n", dbName);
fprintf(stderr,"&percnt;s",PQerrorMessage(conn));
exit_nicely(conn);
}
/* debug = fopen("/tmp/trace.out","w"); */
/* PQtrace(conn, debug); */
/* start a transaction block */
res = PQexec(conn,"BEGIN");
if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK) {
fprintf(stderr,"BEGIN command failed\n");
PQclear(res);
exit_nicely(conn);
}
/* should PQclear PGresult when done to avoid memory leaks */
PQclear(res);
/* fetch instances from the pg_database, the system catalog of databases*/
res = PQexec(conn,"DECLARE mycursor CURSOR FOR select * from pg_database");
if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK) {
fprintf(stderr,"DECLARE CURSOR command failed\n");
char *pghost,
*pgport,
*pgoptions,
*pgtty;
char *dbName;
int nFields;
int i,
j;
/* FILE *debug; */
PGconn *conn;
PGresult *res;
/*
* begin, by setting the parameters for a backend connection if the
* parameters are null, then the system will try to use reasonable
* defaults by looking up environment variables or, failing that,
* using hardwired constants
*/
pghost = NULL; /* host name of the backend server */
pgport = NULL; /* port of the backend server */
pgoptions = NULL; /* special options to start up the backend
* server */
pgtty = NULL; /* debugging tty for the backend server */
dbName = "template1";
/* make a connection to the database */
conn = PQsetdb(pghost, pgport, pgoptions, pgtty, dbName);
/*
* check to see that the backend connection was successfully made
*/
if (PQstatus(conn) == CONNECTION_BAD)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Connection to database '&percnt;s' failed.\n", dbName);
fprintf(stderr, "&percnt;s", PQerrorMessage(conn));
exit_nicely(conn);
}
/* debug = fopen("/tmp/trace.out","w"); */
/* PQtrace(conn, debug); */
/* start a transaction block */
res = PQexec(conn, "BEGIN");
if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
{
fprintf(stderr, "BEGIN command failed\n");
PQclear(res);
exit_nicely(conn);
}
/*
* should PQclear PGresult whenever it is no longer needed to avoid
* memory leaks
*/
PQclear(res);
exit_nicely(conn);
}
PQclear(res);
res = PQexec(conn,"FETCH ALL in mycursor");
if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_TUPLES_OK) {
fprintf(stderr,"FETCH ALL command didn't return tuples properly\n");
/*
* fetch instances from the pg_database, the system catalog of
* databases
*/
res = PQexec(conn, "DECLARE mycursor CURSOR FOR select * from pg_database");
if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
{
fprintf(stderr, "DECLARE CURSOR command failed\n");
PQclear(res);
exit_nicely(conn);
}
PQclear(res);
exit_nicely(conn);
}
/* first, print out the attribute names */
nFields = PQnfields(res);
for (i=0; i &lt; nFields; i++) {
printf("&percnt;-15s",PQfname(res,i));
}
printf("\n");
/* next, print out the instances */
for (i=0; i &lt; PQntuples(res); i++) {
for (j=0 ; j &lt; nFields; j++) {
printf("&percnt;-15s", PQgetvalue(res,i,j));
res = PQexec(conn, "FETCH ALL in mycursor");
if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_TUPLES_OK)
{
fprintf(stderr, "FETCH ALL command didn't return tuples properly\n");
PQclear(res);
exit_nicely(conn);
}
printf("\n");
}
PQclear(res);
/* first, print out the attribute names */
nFields = PQnfields(res);
for (i = 0; i &lt; nFields; i++)
printf("&percnt;-15s", PQfname(res, i));
printf("\n\n");
/* next, print out the instances */
for (i = 0; i &lt; PQntuples(res); i++)
{
for (j = 0; j &lt; nFields; j++)
printf("&percnt;-15s", PQgetvalue(res, i, j));
printf("\n");
}
/* close the cursor */
res = PQexec(conn, "CLOSE mycursor");
PQclear(res);
PQclear(res);
/* end the transaction */
res = PQexec(conn, "END");
PQclear(res);
/* close the cursor */
res = PQexec(conn, "CLOSE mycursor");
PQclear(res);
/* commit the transaction */
res = PQexec(conn, "COMMIT");
PQclear(res);
/* close the connection to the database and cleanup */
PQfinish(conn);
/* close the connection to the database and cleanup */
PQfinish(conn);
/* fclose(debug); */
/* fclose(debug); */
}
</ProgramListing>
</Para>
@ -1631,94 +1648,112 @@ main()
<Para>
<ProgramListing>
/*
* testlibpq2.c
* Test of the asynchronous notification interface
* testlibpq2.c Test of the asynchronous notification interface
*
populate a database with the following:
CREATE TABLE TBL1 (i int4);
CREATE TABLE TBL2 (i int4);
CREATE RULE r1 AS ON INSERT TO TBL1
DO [INSERT INTO TBL2 values (new.i); NOTIFY TBL2];
* Then start up this program
* After the program has begun, do
INSERT INTO TBL1 values (10);
*
*
*/
* populate a database with the following:
*
* CREATE TABLE TBL1 (i int4);
*
* CREATE TABLE TBL2 (i int4);
*
* CREATE RULE r1 AS ON INSERT TO TBL1 DO [INSERT INTO TBL2 values
* (new.i); NOTIFY TBL2];
*
* Then start up this program After the program has begun, do
*
* INSERT INTO TBL1 values (10);
*
*
*
*/
#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
#include "libpq-fe.h"
void exit_nicely(PGconn* conn)
void
exit_nicely(PGconn *conn)
{
PQfinish(conn);
exit(1);
PQfinish(conn);
exit(1);
}
main()
{
char *pghost, *pgport, *pgoptions, *pgtty;
char* dbName;
int nFields;
int i,j;
PGconn* conn;
PGresult* res;
PGnotify* notify;
/* begin, by setting the parameters for a backend connection
if the parameters are null, then the system will try to use
reasonable defaults by looking up environment variables
or, failing that, using hardwired constants */
pghost = NULL; /* host name of the backend server */
pgport = NULL; /* port of the backend server */
pgoptions = NULL; /* special options to start up the backend server */
pgtty = NULL; /* debugging tty for the backend server */
dbName = getenv("USER"); /* change this to the name of your test database*/
/* make a connection to the database */
conn = PQsetdb(pghost, pgport, pgoptions, pgtty, dbName);
/* check to see that the backend connection was successfully made */
if (PQstatus(conn) == CONNECTION_BAD) {
fprintf(stderr,"Connection to database '&percnt;s' failed.\n", dbName);
fprintf(stderr,"&percnt;s",PQerrorMessage(conn));
exit_nicely(conn);
}
res = PQexec(conn, "LISTEN TBL2");
if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK) {
fprintf(stderr,"LISTEN command failed\n");
PQclear(res);
exit_nicely(conn);
}
/* should PQclear PGresult whenever it is no longer needed to avoid
memory leaks */
PQclear(res);
while (1) {
/* wait a little bit between checks;
* waiting with select() would be more efficient.
char *pghost,
*pgport,
*pgoptions,
*pgtty;
char *dbName;
int nFields;
int i,
j;
PGconn *conn;
PGresult *res;
PGnotify *notify;
/*
* begin, by setting the parameters for a backend connection if the
* parameters are null, then the system will try to use reasonable
* defaults by looking up environment variables or, failing that,
* using hardwired constants
*/
pghost = NULL; /* host name of the backend server */
pgport = NULL; /* port of the backend server */
pgoptions = NULL; /* special options to start up the backend
* server */
pgtty = NULL; /* debugging tty for the backend server */
dbName = getenv("USER"); /* change this to the name of your test
* database */
/* make a connection to the database */
conn = PQsetdb(pghost, pgport, pgoptions, pgtty, dbName);
/*
* check to see that the backend connection was successfully made
*/
if (PQstatus(conn) == CONNECTION_BAD)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Connection to database '&percnt;s' failed.\n", dbName);
fprintf(stderr, "&percnt;s", PQerrorMessage(conn));
exit_nicely(conn);
}
res = PQexec(conn, "LISTEN TBL2");
if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
{
fprintf(stderr, "LISTEN command failed\n");
PQclear(res);
exit_nicely(conn);
}
/*
* should PQclear PGresult whenever it is no longer needed to avoid
* memory leaks
*/
sleep(1);
/* collect any asynchronous backend messages */
PQconsumeInput(conn);
/* check for asynchronous notify messages */
while ((notify = PQnotifies(conn)) != NULL) {
fprintf(stderr,
"ASYNC NOTIFY of '&percnt;s' from backend pid '&percnt;d' received\n",
notify-&gt;relname, notify-&gt;be_pid);
free(notify);
PQclear(res);
while (1)
{
/*
* wait a little bit between checks; waiting with select()
* would be more efficient.
*/
sleep(1);
/* collect any asynchronous backend messages */
PQconsumeInput(conn);
/* check for asynchronous notify messages */
while ((notify = PQnotifies(conn)) != NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr,
"ASYNC NOTIFY of '&percnt;s' from backend pid '&percnt;d' received\n",
notify-&gt;relname, notify-&gt;be_pid);
free(notify);
}
}
}
/* close the connection to the database and cleanup */
PQfinish(conn);
/* close the connection to the database and cleanup */
PQfinish(conn);
}
</ProgramListing>
@ -1731,155 +1766,176 @@ main()
<Para>
<ProgramListing>
/*
* testlibpq3.c
* Test the C version of LIBPQ,
+ the <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> frontend library
* tests the binary cursor interface
* testlibpq3.c Test the C version of Libpq, the Postgres frontend
* library. tests the binary cursor interface
*
*
*
populate a database by doing the following:
CREATE TABLE test1 (i int4, d float4, p polygon);
INSERT INTO test1 values (1, 3.567, '(3.0, 4.0, 1.0, 2.0)'::polygon);
INSERT INTO test1 values (2, 89.05, '(4.0, 3.0, 2.0, 1.0)'::polygon);
the expected output is:
tuple 0: got
i = (4 bytes) 1,
d = (4 bytes) 3.567000,
p = (4 bytes) 2 points
boundbox = (hi=3.000000/4.000000, lo = 1.000000,2.000000)
tuple 1: got
i = (4 bytes) 2,
d = (4 bytes) 89.050003,
p = (4 bytes) 2 points
boundbox = (hi=4.000000/3.000000, lo = 2.000000,1.000000)
* populate a database by doing the following:
*
* CREATE TABLE test1 (i int4, d float4, p polygon);
*
* INSERT INTO test1 values (1, 3.567, '(3.0, 4.0, 1.0,
* 2.0)'::polygon);
*
* INSERT INTO test1 values (2, 89.05, '(4.0, 3.0, 2.0,
* 1.0)'::polygon);
*
* the expected output is:
*
* tuple 0: got i = (4 bytes) 1, d = (4 bytes) 3.567000, p = (4
* bytes) 2 points boundbox = (hi=3.000000/4.000000, lo =
* 1.000000,2.000000) tuple 1: got i = (4 bytes) 2, d = (4 bytes)
* 89.050003, p = (4 bytes) 2 points boundbox =
* (hi=4.000000/3.000000, lo = 2.000000,1.000000)
*
*
*/
#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
#include "libpq-fe.h"
#include "utils/geo-decls.h" /* for the POLYGON type */
#include "utils/geo-decls.h" /* for the POLYGON type */
void exit_nicely(PGconn* conn)
void
exit_nicely(PGconn *conn)
{
PQfinish(conn);
exit(1);
PQfinish(conn);
exit(1);
}
main()
{
char *pghost, *pgport, *pgoptions, *pgtty;
char* dbName;
int nFields;
int i,j;
int i_fnum, d_fnum, p_fnum;
PGconn* conn;
PGresult* res;
/* begin, by setting the parameters for a backend connection
if the parameters are null, then the system will try to use
reasonable defaults by looking up environment variables
or, failing that, using hardwired constants */
pghost = NULL; /* host name of the backend server */
pgport = NULL; /* port of the backend server */
pgoptions = NULL; /* special options to start up the backend server */
pgtty = NULL; /* debugging tty for the backend server */
dbName = getenv("USER"); /* change this to the name of your test database*/
/* make a connection to the database */
conn = PQsetdb(pghost, pgport, pgoptions, pgtty, dbName);
/* check to see that the backend connection was successfully made */
if (PQstatus(conn) == CONNECTION_BAD) {
fprintf(stderr,"Connection to database '&percnt;s' failed.\n", dbName);
fprintf(stderr,"&percnt;s",PQerrorMessage(conn));
exit_nicely(conn);
}
/* start a transaction block */
res = PQexec(conn,"BEGIN");
if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK) {
fprintf(stderr,"BEGIN command failed\n");
char *pghost,
*pgport,
*pgoptions,
*pgtty;
char *dbName;
int nFields;
int i,
j;
int i_fnum,
d_fnum,
p_fnum;
PGconn *conn;
PGresult *res;
/*
* begin, by setting the parameters for a backend connection if the
* parameters are null, then the system will try to use reasonable
* defaults by looking up environment variables or, failing that,
* using hardwired constants
*/
pghost = NULL; /* host name of the backend server */
pgport = NULL; /* port of the backend server */
pgoptions = NULL; /* special options to start up the backend
* server */
pgtty = NULL; /* debugging tty for the backend server */
dbName = getenv("USER"); /* change this to the name of your test
* database */
/* make a connection to the database */
conn = PQsetdb(pghost, pgport, pgoptions, pgtty, dbName);
/*
* check to see that the backend connection was successfully made
*/
if (PQstatus(conn) == CONNECTION_BAD)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Connection to database '&percnt;s' failed.\n", dbName);
fprintf(stderr, "&percnt;s", PQerrorMessage(conn));
exit_nicely(conn);
}
/* start a transaction block */
res = PQexec(conn, "BEGIN");
if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
{
fprintf(stderr, "BEGIN command failed\n");
PQclear(res);
exit_nicely(conn);
}
/*
* should PQclear PGresult whenever it is no longer needed to avoid
* memory leaks
*/
PQclear(res);
/*
* fetch instances from the pg_database, the system catalog of
* databases
*/
res = PQexec(conn, "DECLARE mycursor BINARY CURSOR FOR select * from test1");
if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
{
fprintf(stderr, "DECLARE CURSOR command failed\n");
PQclear(res);
exit_nicely(conn);
}
PQclear(res);
res = PQexec(conn, "FETCH ALL in mycursor");
if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_TUPLES_OK)
{
fprintf(stderr, "FETCH ALL command didn't return tuples properly\n");
PQclear(res);
exit_nicely(conn);
}
i_fnum = PQfnumber(res, "i");
d_fnum = PQfnumber(res, "d");
p_fnum = PQfnumber(res, "p");
for (i = 0; i &lt; 3; i++)
{
printf("type[&percnt;d] = &percnt;d, size[&percnt;d] = &percnt;d\n",
i, PQftype(res, i),
i, PQfsize(res, i));
}
for (i = 0; i &lt; PQntuples(res); i++)
{
int *ival;
float *dval;
int plen;
POLYGON *pval;
/* we hard-wire this to the 3 fields we know about */
ival = (int *) PQgetvalue(res, i, i_fnum);
dval = (float *) PQgetvalue(res, i, d_fnum);
plen = PQgetlength(res, i, p_fnum);
/*
* plen doesn't include the length field so need to
* increment by VARHDSZ
*/
pval = (POLYGON *) malloc(plen + VARHDRSZ);
pval-&gt;size = plen;
memmove((char *) &pval-&gt;npts, PQgetvalue(res, i, p_fnum), plen);
printf("tuple &percnt;d: got\n", i);
printf(" i = (&percnt;d bytes) &percnt;d,\n",
PQgetlength(res, i, i_fnum), *ival);
printf(" d = (&percnt;d bytes) &percnt;f,\n",
PQgetlength(res, i, d_fnum), *dval);
printf(" p = (&percnt;d bytes) &percnt;d points \tboundbox = (hi=&percnt;f/&percnt;f, lo = &percnt;f,&percnt;f)\n",
PQgetlength(res, i, d_fnum),
pval-&gt;npts,
pval-&gt;boundbox.xh,
pval-&gt;boundbox.yh,
pval-&gt;boundbox.xl,
pval-&gt;boundbox.yl);
}
PQclear(res);
exit_nicely(conn);
}
/* should PQclear PGresult whenever it is no longer needed to avoid
memory leaks */
PQclear(res);
/* fetch instances from the pg_database, the system catalog of databases*/
res = PQexec(conn,"DECLARE mycursor BINARY CURSOR FOR select * from test1");
if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK) {
fprintf(stderr,"DECLARE CURSOR command failed\n");
/* close the cursor */
res = PQexec(conn, "CLOSE mycursor");
PQclear(res);
exit_nicely(conn);
}
PQclear(res);
res = PQexec(conn,"FETCH ALL in mycursor");
if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_TUPLES_OK) {
fprintf(stderr,"FETCH ALL command didn't return tuples properly\n");
/* commit the transaction */
res = PQexec(conn, "COMMIT");
PQclear(res);
exit_nicely(conn);
}
i_fnum = PQfnumber(res,"i");
d_fnum = PQfnumber(res,"d");
p_fnum = PQfnumber(res,"p");
for (i=0;i&lt;3;i++) {
printf("type[&percnt;d] = &percnt;d, size[&percnt;d] = &percnt;d\n",
i, PQftype(res,i),
i, PQfsize(res,i));
}
for (i=0; i &lt; PQntuples(res); i++) {
int *ival;
float *dval;
int plen;
POLYGON* pval;
/*/
ival = (int*)PQgetvalue(res,i,i_fnum);
dval = (float*)PQgetvalue(res,i,d_fnum);
plen = PQgetlength(res,i,p_fnum);
/* plen doesn't include the length field so need to increment by VARHDSZ*/
pval = (POLYGON*) malloc(plen + VARHDRSZ);
pval-&gt;size = plen;
memmove((char*)&amp;pval-&gt;npts, PQgetvalue(res,i,p_fnum), plen);
printf("tuple &percnt;d: got\n", i);
printf(" i = (&percnt;d bytes) &percnt;d,\n",
PQgetlength(res,i,i_fnum), *ival);
printf(" d = (&percnt;d bytes) &percnt;f,\n",
PQgetlength(res,i,d_fnum), *dval);
printf(" p = (&percnt;d bytes) &percnt;d points"
" boundbox = (hi=&percnt;f/&percnt;f"
", lo = &percnt;f,&percnt;f)\n",
PQgetlength(res,i,d_fnum),
pval-&gt;npts,
pval-&gt;boundbox.xh,
pval-&gt;boundbox.yh,
pval-&gt;boundbox.xl,
pval-&gt;boundbox.yl);
}
PQclear(res);
/* close the cursor */
res = PQexec(conn, "CLOSE mycursor");
PQclear(res);
/* end the transaction */
res = PQexec(conn, "END");
PQclear(res);
/* close the connection to the database and cleanup */
PQfinish(conn);
/* close the connection to the database and cleanup */
PQfinish(conn);
}
</ProgramListing>

1
doc/src/sgml/ref/allfiles.sgml
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@ -119,4 +119,5 @@
<!entity initlocation system "initlocation.sgml">
<!entity pgDump system "pg_dump.sgml">
<!entity pgDumpall system "pg_dumpall.sgml">
<!entity pgUpgrade system "pg_upgrade.sgml">
<!entity psqlRef system "psql-ref.sgml">

40
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_sequence.sgml
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@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ CREATE SEQUENCE <replaceable class="parameter">seqname</replaceable>
The optional clause <option>MINVALUE
<replaceable class="parameter">minvalue</replaceable></option>
determines the minimum value
a sequence can be. The defaults are 1 and -2147483647 for
a sequence can generate. The defaults are 1 and -2147483647 for
ascending and descending sequences, respectively.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
@ -113,7 +113,8 @@ CREATE SEQUENCE <replaceable class="parameter">seqname</replaceable>
The <option>CACHE <replaceable class="parameter">cache</replaceable></option> option
enables sequence numbers to be preallocated
and stored in memory for faster access. The minimum
value is 1 (no cache) and this is also the default.
value is 1 (only one value can be generated at a time, i.e. no cache)
and this is also the default.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
</VARLISTENTRY>
@ -223,12 +224,12 @@ CREATE SEQUENCE <replaceable class="parameter">seqname</replaceable>
<PARA>
CREATE SEQUENCE will enter a new sequence number generator
into the current data base. This involves creating and initialising a
new single block
new single-row
table with the name <replaceable class="parameter">seqname</replaceable>.
The generator will be "owned" by the user issuing the command.
</PARA>
<para>
After the sequence is created, you may use the function
After a sequence is created, you may use the function
<function>nextval(<replaceable class="parameter">seqname</replaceable>)</function>
to get a new number from the sequence.
The function
@ -245,11 +246,42 @@ The function
SELECT * FROM sequence_name;
</programlisting>
to get the parameters of a sequence.
Aside from fetching the original
parameters, you can use
<programlisting>
SELECT last_value FROM sequence_name;
</programlisting>
to obtain the last value allocated by any backend.
parameters, you can use
</para>
<para>
Low-level locking is used to enable multiple simultaneous
calls to a generator.
</para>
<para>
<TITLE>
NOTE:
</TITLE>
Unexpected results may be obtained if a cache setting greater than one
is used for a sequence object that will be used concurrently by multiple
backends. Each backend will allocate "cache" successive sequence values
during one access to the sequence object and increase the sequence
object's last_value accordingly. Then, the next cache-1 uses of nextval
within that backend simply return the preallocated values without touching
the shared object. So, numbers allocated but not used in the current session
will be lost. Furthermore, although multiple backends are guaranteed to
allocate distinct sequence values, the values may be generated out of
sequence when all the backends are considered. (For example, with a cache
setting of 10, backend A might reserve values 1..10 and return nextval=1, then
backend B might reserve values 11..20 and return nextval=11 before backend
A has generated nextval=2.) Thus, with a cache setting of one it is safe
to assume that nextval values are generated sequentially; with a cache
setting greater than one you should only assume that the nextval values
are all distinct, not that they are generated purely sequentially.
Also, last_value will reflect the latest value reserved by any backend,
whether or not it has yet been returned by nextval.
</para>
<REFSECT2 ID="R2-SQL-CREATESEQUENCE-3">
<REFSECT2INFO>

20
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
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@ -19,9 +19,13 @@
</REFSYNOPSISDIVINFO>
<SYNOPSIS>
CREATE TABLE <REPLACEABLE CLASS="PARAMETER">table</REPLACEABLE> (
<REPLACEABLE CLASS="PARAMETER">column</REPLACEABLE> <REPLACEABLE CLASS="PARAMETER">type</REPLACEABLE> [ DEFAULT <REPLACEABLE CLASS="PARAMETER">value</REPLACEABLE> | <REPLACEABLE>column_constraint_clause</REPLACEABLE> | PRIMARY KEY } [ ... ] ]
<REPLACEABLE CLASS="PARAMETER">column</REPLACEABLE> <REPLACEABLE CLASS="PARAMETER">type</REPLACEABLE>
[ DEFAULT <REPLACEABLE CLASS="PARAMETER">value</REPLACEABLE>]
[, NOT NULL ] [ ,UNIQUE ]
[<REPLACEABLE>column_constraint_clause</REPLACEABLE> | PRIMARY KEY } [ ... ] ]
[, ... ]
[, PRIMARY KEY ( <REPLACEABLE CLASS="PARAMETER">column</REPLACEABLE> [, ...] ) ]
[, CHECK ( <REPLACEABLE CLASS="PARAMETER">condition</REPLACEABLE> ) ]
[, <REPLACEABLE>table_constraint_clause</REPLACEABLE> ]
) [ INHERITS ( <REPLACEABLE>inherited_table</REPLACEABLE> [, ...] ) ]
</SYNOPSIS>
@ -89,8 +93,8 @@ CREATE TABLE <REPLACEABLE CLASS="PARAMETER">table</REPLACEABLE> (
</TERM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
The optional column constraint clause specifies a list of integrity
constraints which new or updated entries must satisfy for
The optional column constraint clauses specify a list of integrity
constraints or tests which new or updated entries must satisfy for
an insert or update operation to succeed. Each constraint
must evaluate to a boolean expression. Although <acronym>SQL92</acronym>
requires the <REPLACEABLE CLASS="PARAMETER">column_constraint_clause</REPLACEABLE>
@ -113,6 +117,16 @@ requires the <REPLACEABLE CLASS="PARAMETER">column_constraint_clause</REPLACEABL
an insert or update operation to succeed. Each constraint
must evaluate to a boolean expression. Multiple columns
may be referenced within a single constraint.
The use of
<TERM>
PRIMARY KEY <REPLACEABLE>column</REPLACEABLE>
</TERM>
as a table constraint
is mutually incompatible with
<TERM>
PRIMARY KEY
</TERM>
used as a column constraint.
See the table constraint clause for more information.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>

3
doc/src/sgml/ref/explain.sgml
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@ -101,7 +101,8 @@ Description
<PARA>
This command outputs details about the supplied query.
The default output is the computed query cost.
VERBOSE displays the full query plan and cost.
VERBOSE displays the full query plan and cost to your screen,
and pretty-prints the plan to the postmaster log file.
<REFSECT2 ID="R2-SQL-EXPLAIN-3">
<REFSECT2INFO>

2
doc/src/sgml/ref/load.sgml
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@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ Usage
<ProgramListing>
--Load the file /usr/postgres/demo/circle.o
--
LOAD "/usr/postgres/demo/circle.o"
LOAD '/usr/postgres/demo/circle.o'
</ProgramListing>
</REFSECT1>

59
doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_upgrade.sgml
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@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
<REFENTRY ID="APP-PG-UPGRADE">
<REFMETA>
<REFENTRYTITLE>
<application>pg_upgrade</application>
</REFENTRYTITLE>
<REFMISCINFO>Application</REFMISCINFO>
</REFMETA>
<REFNAMEDIV>
<REFNAME>
<application>pg_upgrade</application>
</REFNAME>
<REFPURPOSE>
Allows upgrade from a previous release without reloading data
</REFPURPOSE>
<REFSYNOPSISDIV>
<REFSYNOPSISDIVINFO>
<DATE>1998-10-04</DATE>
</REFSYNOPSISDIVINFO>
<SYNOPSIS>
pg_upgrade
pg_upgrade [-f <replaceable class="parameter">input_file</replaceable>] <replaceable class="parameter">old_data_dir</replaceable>
</SYNOPSIS>
<REFSECT1 ID="R1-APP-PG-UPGRADE-1">
<REFSECT1INFO>
<DATE>1998-10-04</DATE>
</REFSECT1INFO>
<TITLE>
Description
</TITLE>
<PARA>
<application>pg_upgrade</application>
is a utility for upgrading from a previous
PostgreSQL release without reloading all the data. First,
to be safe, back up your data directory. Then, use:
<programlisting>
% pg_dumpall -s >db.out
</programlisting>
to dump out your old database definitions without any
data. Stop the postmaster and all backends.
</para>
<para>
Then rename (using mv) your old pgsql /data directory to
/data.old and do a make install to install the new binaries.
Run initdb to create a new template1 database containing the system
tables for the new release. Start the new postmaster, cd to the
pgsql main directory, and type:
<programlisting>
% pg_upgrade -f db.out data.old
</programlisting>
The system will do some checking to make sure everything
is properly configured, and run your db.out script to create
all the databases and tables you had, but with no
data. It will then move the data files from /data.old
into the proper /data directory. You can then check out
the data. You can delete the /data.old directory when you
are finished.
</REFENTRY>

3
doc/src/sgml/ref/psql-ref.sgml
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@ -165,6 +165,7 @@ Outputs
<application>psql</application>
returns 0 to the shell on successful completion of all queries,
1 for errors, 2 for abrupt disconnection from the backend.
The default TAB delimiter is used.
<application>psql</application>
will also return 1 if the connection to a database could not be made for
any reason.
@ -865,4 +866,4 @@ Get help information about the slash (<quote>\</quote>) commands.
</variablelist>
</refentry>
</refentry>

2
doc/src/sgml/ref/select.sgml
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@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
<date>1998-09-24</date>
</refsynopsisdivinfo>
<synopsis>
SELECT [ALL|DISTINCT]
SELECT [ALL|DISTINCT [ON <replaceable class="PARAMETER">column</replaceable>] ]
<replaceable class="PARAMETER">expression</replaceable> [ AS <replaceable class="PARAMETER">name</replaceable> ] [, ...]
[ INTO [TABLE] <replaceable class="PARAMETER">new_table</replaceable> ]
[ FROM <replaceable class="PARAMETER">table</replaceable> [<replaceable class="PARAMETER">alias</replaceable> ] [, ...] ]

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