Fix variety of typos and grammar mistakes

This commit includes a batch of fixes for various minor typos and
grammar mistakes, that have been proposed to the hackers mailing list
since the beginning of January.

Similar batches are planned on a bi-monthly basis depending on the
amount received, with the next one for the end of April.

contrib/amcheck/verify_nbtree.c

@@ -864,7 +864,7 @@ heap_entry_is_visible(BtreeCheckState *state, ItemPointer tid)
 }
 
 /*
- * Prepare an error message for unique constrain violation in
+ * Prepare an error message for unique constraint violation in
  * a btree index and report ERROR.
  */
 static void

src/backend/access/brin/brin_minmax_multi.c

@@ -712,7 +712,7 @@ brin_range_serialize(Ranges *range)
 
 /*
  * brin_range_deserialize
- *	  Serialize the in-memory representation into a compact varlena value.
+ *	  Deserialize a compact varlena value into the in-memory representation.
  *
  * Simply copy the header and then also the individual values, as stored
  * in the in-memory value array.

src/backend/access/gist/gistget.c

@@ -402,8 +402,8 @@ gistScanPage(IndexScanDesc scan, GISTSearchItem *pageItem,
 
 	/*
 	 * We save the LSN of the page as we read it, so that we know whether it
-	 * safe to apply LP_DEAD hints to the page later. This allows us to drop
-	 * the pin for MVCC scans, which allows vacuum to avoid blocking.
+	 * is safe to apply LP_DEAD hints to the page later. This allows us to
+	 * drop the pin for MVCC scans, which allows vacuum to avoid blocking.
 	 */
 	so->curPageLSN = BufferGetLSNAtomic(buffer);
 

src/backend/access/transam/multixact.c

@@ -782,7 +782,7 @@ RecordNewMultiXact(MultiXactId multi, MultiXactOffset offset,
 	/*
 	 * Set the starting offset of this multixid's members.
 	 *
-	 * In the common case, it was already be set by the previous
+	 * In the common case, it was already set by the previous
 	 * RecordNewMultiXact call, as this was the next multixid of the previous
 	 * multixid.  But if multiple backends are generating multixids
 	 * concurrently, we might race ahead and get called before the previous

src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c

@@ -3577,9 +3577,9 @@ next_record_is_invalid:
  * timelines, we can reject a switch to a timeline that branched off before
  * this point.
  *
- * If the record is not immediately available, the function returns false
- * if we're not in standby mode. In standby mode, waits for it to become
- * available.
+ * If the record is not immediately available, the function returns XLREAD_FAIL
+ * if we're not in standby mode. In standby mode, the function waits for it to
+ * become available.
  *
  * When the requested record becomes available, the function opens the file
  * containing it (if not open already), and returns XLREAD_SUCCESS. When end

src/backend/backup/basebackup_copy.c

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ typedef struct bbsink_copystream
  * frequently. Ideally, we'd like to send a message when the time since the
  * last message reaches PROGRESS_REPORT_MILLISECOND_THRESHOLD, but checking
  * the system time every time we send a tiny bit of data seems too expensive.
- * So we only check it after the number of bytes sine the last check reaches
+ * So we only check it after the number of bytes since the last check reaches
  * PROGRESS_REPORT_BYTE_INTERVAL.
  */
 #define	PROGRESS_REPORT_BYTE_INTERVAL				65536

src/backend/commands/extension.c

@@ -2528,7 +2528,7 @@ pg_available_extension_versions(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 				/*
 				 * Ignore already-found names.  They are not reachable by the
-				 * path search, so don't shown them.
+				 * path search, so don't show them.
 				 */
 				extname_str = makeString(extname);
 				if (list_member(found_ext, extname_str))

src/backend/statistics/extended_stats_funcs.c

@@ -769,7 +769,7 @@ delete_pg_statistic_ext_data(Oid stxoid, bool inherited)
 	HeapTuple	oldtup;
 	bool		result = false;
 
-	/* Is there already a pg_statistic tuple for this attribute? */
+	/* Is there already a pg_statistic_ext_data tuple for this attribute? */
 	oldtup = SearchSysCache2(STATEXTDATASTXOID,
 							 ObjectIdGetDatum(stxoid),
 							 BoolGetDatum(inherited));

src/backend/storage/smgr/smgr.c

@@ -898,7 +898,7 @@ smgrtruncate(SMgrRelation reln, ForkNumber *forknum, int nforks,
 	/* Do the truncation */
 	for (i = 0; i < nforks; i++)
 	{
-		/* Make the cached size is invalid if we encounter an error. */
+		/* Make the cached size invalid if we encounter an error. */
 		reln->smgr_cached_nblocks[forknum[i]] = InvalidBlockNumber;
 
 		smgrsw[reln->smgr_which].smgr_truncate(reln, forknum[i],

src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_receivewal.c

@@ -770,7 +770,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 
 	if (replication_slot == NULL && (do_drop_slot || do_create_slot))
 	{
-		/* translator: second %s is an option name */
+		/* translator: %s is an option name */
 		pg_log_error("%s needs a slot to be specified using --slot",
 					 do_drop_slot ? "--drop-slot" : "--create-slot");
 		pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);

src/bin/pg_resetwal/pg_resetwal.c

@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 				if (endptr == optarg || *endptr != '\0' || errno != 0)
 				{
 					/*------
-					  translator: the second %s is a command line argument (-e, etc) */
+					  translator: %s is a command line argument (-e, etc) */
 					pg_log_error("invalid argument for option %s", "-e");
 					pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
 					exit(1);

src/fe_utils/astreamer_zstd.c

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  * astreamer_zstd.c
  *
  * Archive streamers that deal with data compressed using zstd.
- * astreamer_zstd_compressor applies lz4 compression to the input stream,
+ * astreamer_zstd_compressor applies zstd compression to the input stream,
  * and astreamer_zstd_decompressor does the reverse.
  *
  * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2026, PostgreSQL Global Development Group

src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h

@@ -2665,7 +2665,7 @@ typedef struct AccessPriv
  * Note: because of the parsing ambiguity with the GRANT <privileges>
  * statement, granted_roles is a list of AccessPriv; the execution code
  * should complain if any column lists appear.  grantee_roles is a list
- * of role names, as String values.
+ * of role names, as RoleSpec values.
  * ----------------------
  */
 typedef struct GrantRoleStmt