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Add support for MERGE SQL command

Browse Source 
MERGE performs actions that modify rows in the target table using a
source table or query. MERGE provides a single SQL statement that can
conditionally INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE rows -- a task that would otherwise
require multiple PL statements.  For example,

MERGE INTO target AS t
USING source AS s
ON t.tid = s.sid
WHEN MATCHED AND t.balance > s.delta THEN
  UPDATE SET balance = t.balance - s.delta
WHEN MATCHED THEN
  DELETE
WHEN NOT MATCHED AND s.delta > 0 THEN
  INSERT VALUES (s.sid, s.delta)
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
  DO NOTHING;

MERGE works with regular tables, partitioned tables and inheritance
hierarchies, including column and row security enforcement, as well as
support for row and statement triggers and transition tables therein.

MERGE is optimized for OLTP and is parameterizable, though also useful
for large scale ETL/ELT. MERGE is not intended to be used in preference
to existing single SQL commands for INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE since there
is some overhead.  MERGE can be used from PL/pgSQL.

MERGE does not support targetting updatable views or foreign tables, and
RETURNING clauses are not allowed either.  These limitations are likely
fixable with sufficient effort.  Rewrite rules are also not supported,
but it's not clear that we'd want to support them.

Author: Pavan Deolasee <pavan.deolasee@gmail.com>
Author: Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org>
Author: Amit Langote <amitlangote09@gmail.com>
Author: Simon Riggs <simon.riggs@enterprisedb.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <peter.eisentraut@enterprisedb.com>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de> (earlier versions)
Reviewed-by: Peter Geoghegan <pg@bowt.ie> (earlier versions)
Reviewed-by: Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com> (earlier versions)
Reviewed-by: Japin Li <japinli@hotmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Justin Pryzby <pryzby@telsasoft.com>
Reviewed-by: Tomas Vondra <tomas.vondra@enterprisedb.com>
Reviewed-by: Zhihong Yu <zyu@yugabyte.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CANP8+jKitBSrB7oTgT9CY2i1ObfOt36z0XMraQc+Xrz8QB0nXA@mail.gmail.com
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAH2-WzkJdBuxj9PO=2QaO9-3h3xGbQPZ34kJH=HukRekwM-GZg@mail.gmail.com
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20201231134736.GA25392@alvherre.pgsql
pull/81/head
Alvaro Herrera 3 years ago
parent ae63017bdb
commit 7103ebb7aa
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95 changed files with 8726 additions and 167 deletions
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  1. 46
      contrib/test_decoding/expected/ddl.out
  2. 16
      contrib/test_decoding/sql/ddl.sql
  3. 8
      doc/src/sgml/libpq.sgml
  4. 34
      doc/src/sgml/mvcc.sgml
  5. 5
      doc/src/sgml/plpgsql.sgml
  6. 1
      doc/src/sgml/ref/allfiles.sgml
  7. 23
      doc/src/sgml/ref/create_policy.sgml
  8. 11
      doc/src/sgml/ref/insert.sgml
  9. 620
      doc/src/sgml/ref/merge.sgml
  10. 1
      doc/src/sgml/reference.sgml
  11. 22
      doc/src/sgml/trigger.sgml
  12. 6
      src/backend/catalog/sql_features.txt
  13. 35
      src/backend/commands/explain.c
  14. 126
      src/backend/commands/trigger.c
  15. 41
      src/backend/executor/README
  16. 16
      src/backend/executor/execMain.c
  17. 113
      src/backend/executor/execPartition.c
  18. 2
      src/backend/executor/execReplication.c
  19. 936
      src/backend/executor/nodeModifyTable.c
  20. 3
      src/backend/executor/spi.c
  21. 55
      src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
  22. 49
      src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
  23. 59
      src/backend/nodes/nodeFuncs.c
  24. 36
      src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
  25. 43
      src/backend/nodes/readfuncs.c
  26. 15
      src/backend/optimizer/plan/createplan.c
  27. 64
      src/backend/optimizer/plan/planner.c
  28. 64
      src/backend/optimizer/plan/setrefs.c
  29. 91
      src/backend/optimizer/prep/prepjointree.c
  30. 37
      src/backend/optimizer/prep/preptlist.c
  31. 19
      src/backend/optimizer/util/appendinfo.c
  32. 11
      src/backend/optimizer/util/pathnode.c
  33. 4
      src/backend/optimizer/util/plancat.c
  34. 1
      src/backend/parser/Makefile
  35. 20
      src/backend/parser/analyze.c
  36. 180
      src/backend/parser/gram.y
  37. 10
      src/backend/parser/parse_agg.c
  38. 1
      src/backend/parser/parse_collate.c
  39. 4
      src/backend/parser/parse_expr.c
  40. 3
      src/backend/parser/parse_func.c
  41. 415
      src/backend/parser/parse_merge.c
  42. 23
      src/backend/parser/parse_relation.c
  43. 3
      src/backend/parser/parse_target.c
  44. 41
      src/backend/rewrite/rewriteHandler.c
  45. 106
      src/backend/rewrite/rowsecurity.c
  46. 3
      src/backend/tcop/pquery.c
  47. 16
      src/backend/tcop/utility.c
  48. 9
      src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
  49. 69
      src/bin/psql/tab-complete.c
  50. 4
      src/include/commands/trigger.h
  51. 3
      src/include/executor/nodeModifyTable.h
  52. 1
      src/include/executor/spi.h
  53. 36
      src/include/nodes/execnodes.h
  54. 7
      src/include/nodes/nodes.h
  55. 61
      src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
  56. 6
      src/include/nodes/pathnodes.h
  57. 7
      src/include/nodes/plannodes.h
  58. 2
      src/include/optimizer/pathnode.h
  59. 1
      src/include/optimizer/prep.h
  60. 5
      src/include/parser/analyze.h
  61. 2
      src/include/parser/kwlist.h
  62. 21
      src/include/parser/parse_merge.h
  63. 5
      src/include/parser/parse_node.h
  64. 3
      src/include/parser/parse_relation.h
  65. 1
      src/include/tcop/cmdtaglist.h
  66. 9
      src/interfaces/libpq/fe-exec.c
  67. 7
      src/pl/plpgsql/src/pl_exec.c
  68. 8
      src/pl/plpgsql/src/pl_gram.y
  69. 1
      src/pl/plpgsql/src/pl_unreserved_kwlist.h
  70. 2
      src/pl/plpgsql/src/plpgsql.h
  71. 117
      src/test/isolation/expected/merge-delete.out
  72. 94
      src/test/isolation/expected/merge-insert-update.out
  73. 116
      src/test/isolation/expected/merge-match-recheck.out
  74. 314
      src/test/isolation/expected/merge-update.out
  75. 4
      src/test/isolation/isolation_schedule
  76. 50
      src/test/isolation/specs/merge-delete.spec
  77. 51
      src/test/isolation/specs/merge-insert-update.spec
  78. 77
      src/test/isolation/specs/merge-match-recheck.spec
  79. 156
      src/test/isolation/specs/merge-update.spec
  80. 54
      src/test/regress/expected/identity.out
  81. 1934
      src/test/regress/expected/merge.out
  82. 98
      src/test/regress/expected/privileges.out
  83. 182
      src/test/regress/expected/rowsecurity.out
  84. 32
      src/test/regress/expected/rules.out
  85. 48
      src/test/regress/expected/triggers.out
  86. 133
      src/test/regress/expected/with.out
  87. 2
      src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
  88. 46
      src/test/regress/sql/identity.sql
  89. 1273
      src/test/regress/sql/merge.sql
  90. 108
      src/test/regress/sql/privileges.sql
  91. 156
      src/test/regress/sql/rowsecurity.sql
  92. 33
      src/test/regress/sql/rules.sql
  93. 47
      src/test/regress/sql/triggers.sql
  94. 56
      src/test/regress/sql/with.sql
  95. 4
      src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list

46
contrib/test_decoding/expected/ddl.out
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@ -192,6 +192,52 @@ SELECT data FROM pg_logical_slot_get_changes('regression_slot', NULL, NULL, 'inc
COMMIT
(33 rows)
-- MERGE support
BEGIN;
MERGE INTO replication_example t
USING (SELECT i as id, i as data, i as num FROM generate_series(-20, 5) i) s
ON t.id = s.id
WHEN MATCHED AND t.id < 0 THEN
UPDATE SET somenum = somenum + 1
WHEN MATCHED AND t.id >= 0 THEN
DELETE
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (s.*);
COMMIT;
/* display results */
SELECT data FROM pg_logical_slot_get_changes('regression_slot', NULL, NULL, 'include-xids', '0', 'skip-empty-xacts', '1');
data
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BEGIN
table public.replication_example: INSERT: id[integer]:-20 somedata[integer]:-20 somenum[integer]:-20 zaphod1[integer]:null zaphod2[integer]:null
table public.replication_example: INSERT: id[integer]:-19 somedata[integer]:-19 somenum[integer]:-19 zaphod1[integer]:null zaphod2[integer]:null
table public.replication_example: INSERT: id[integer]:-18 somedata[integer]:-18 somenum[integer]:-18 zaphod1[integer]:null zaphod2[integer]:null
table public.replication_example: INSERT: id[integer]:-17 somedata[integer]:-17 somenum[integer]:-17 zaphod1[integer]:null zaphod2[integer]:null
table public.replication_example: INSERT: id[integer]:-16 somedata[integer]:-16 somenum[integer]:-16 zaphod1[integer]:null zaphod2[integer]:null
table public.replication_example: UPDATE: id[integer]:-15 somedata[integer]:-15 somenum[integer]:-14 zaphod1[integer]:null zaphod2[integer]:null
table public.replication_example: UPDATE: id[integer]:-14 somedata[integer]:-14 somenum[integer]:-13 zaphod1[integer]:null zaphod2[integer]:null
table public.replication_example: UPDATE: id[integer]:-13 somedata[integer]:-13 somenum[integer]:-12 zaphod1[integer]:null zaphod2[integer]:null
table public.replication_example: UPDATE: id[integer]:-12 somedata[integer]:-12 somenum[integer]:-11 zaphod1[integer]:null zaphod2[integer]:null
table public.replication_example: UPDATE: id[integer]:-11 somedata[integer]:-11 somenum[integer]:-10 zaphod1[integer]:null zaphod2[integer]:null
table public.replication_example: UPDATE: id[integer]:-10 somedata[integer]:-10 somenum[integer]:-9 zaphod1[integer]:null zaphod2[integer]:null
table public.replication_example: UPDATE: id[integer]:-9 somedata[integer]:-9 somenum[integer]:-8 zaphod1[integer]:null zaphod2[integer]:null
table public.replication_example: UPDATE: id[integer]:-8 somedata[integer]:-8 somenum[integer]:-7 zaphod1[integer]:null zaphod2[integer]:null
table public.replication_example: UPDATE: id[integer]:-7 somedata[integer]:-7 somenum[integer]:-6 zaphod1[integer]:null zaphod2[integer]:null
table public.replication_example: UPDATE: id[integer]:-6 somedata[integer]:-6 somenum[integer]:-5 zaphod1[integer]:null zaphod2[integer]:null
table public.replication_example: UPDATE: id[integer]:-5 somedata[integer]:-5 somenum[integer]:-4 zaphod1[integer]:null zaphod2[integer]:null
table public.replication_example: UPDATE: id[integer]:-4 somedata[integer]:-4 somenum[integer]:-3 zaphod1[integer]:null zaphod2[integer]:null
table public.replication_example: UPDATE: id[integer]:-3 somedata[integer]:-3 somenum[integer]:-2 zaphod1[integer]:null zaphod2[integer]:null
table public.replication_example: UPDATE: id[integer]:-2 somedata[integer]:-2 somenum[integer]:-1 zaphod1[integer]:null zaphod2[integer]:null
table public.replication_example: UPDATE: id[integer]:-1 somedata[integer]:-1 somenum[integer]:0 zaphod1[integer]:null zaphod2[integer]:null
table public.replication_example: DELETE: id[integer]:0
table public.replication_example: DELETE: id[integer]:1
table public.replication_example: DELETE: id[integer]:2
table public.replication_example: DELETE: id[integer]:3
table public.replication_example: DELETE: id[integer]:4
table public.replication_example: DELETE: id[integer]:5
COMMIT
(28 rows)
CREATE TABLE tr_unique(id2 serial unique NOT NULL, data int);
INSERT INTO tr_unique(data) VALUES(10);
ALTER TABLE tr_unique RENAME TO tr_pkey;

16
contrib/test_decoding/sql/ddl.sql
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@ -93,6 +93,22 @@ COMMIT;
/* display results */
SELECT data FROM pg_logical_slot_get_changes('regression_slot', NULL, NULL, 'include-xids', '0', 'skip-empty-xacts', '1', 'include-sequences', '0');
-- MERGE support
BEGIN;
MERGE INTO replication_example t
USING (SELECT i as id, i as data, i as num FROM generate_series(-20, 5) i) s
ON t.id = s.id
WHEN MATCHED AND t.id < 0 THEN
UPDATE SET somenum = somenum + 1
WHEN MATCHED AND t.id >= 0 THEN
DELETE
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (s.*);
COMMIT;
/* display results */
SELECT data FROM pg_logical_slot_get_changes('regression_slot', NULL, NULL, 'include-xids', '0', 'skip-empty-xacts', '1');
CREATE TABLE tr_unique(id2 serial unique NOT NULL, data int);
INSERT INTO tr_unique(data) VALUES(10);
ALTER TABLE tr_unique RENAME TO tr_pkey;

8
doc/src/sgml/libpq.sgml
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@ -4125,9 +4125,11 @@ char *PQcmdTuples(PGresult *res);
<structname>PGresult</structname>. This function can only be used following
the execution of a <command>SELECT</command>, <command>CREATE TABLE AS</command>,
<command>INSERT</command>, <command>UPDATE</command>, <command>DELETE</command>,
<command>MOVE</command>, <command>FETCH</command>, or <command>COPY</command> statement,
or an <command>EXECUTE</command> of a prepared query that contains an
<command>INSERT</command>, <command>UPDATE</command>, or <command>DELETE</command> statement.
<command>MERGE</command>, <command>MOVE</command>, <command>FETCH</command>,
or <command>COPY</command> statement, or an <command>EXECUTE</command> of a
prepared query that contains an <command>INSERT</command>,
<command>UPDATE</command>, <command>DELETE</command>,
or <command>MERGE</command> statement.
If the command that generated the <structname>PGresult</structname> was anything
else, <xref linkend="libpq-PQcmdTuples"/> returns an empty string. The caller
should not free the return value directly. It will be freed when

34
doc/src/sgml/mvcc.sgml
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@ -422,6 +422,37 @@ COMMIT;
<literal>11</literal>, which no longer matches the criteria.
</para>
<para>
<command>MERGE</command> allows the user to specify various
combinations of <command>INSERT</command>, <command>UPDATE</command>
or <command>DELETE</command> subcommands. A <command>MERGE</command>
command with both <command>INSERT</command> and <command>UPDATE</command>
subcommands looks similar to <command>INSERT</command> with an
<literal>ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE</literal> clause but does not
guarantee that either <command>INSERT</command> or
<command>UPDATE</command> will occur.
If MERGE attempts an <command>UPDATE</command> or
<command>DELETE</command> and the row is concurrently updated but
the join condition still passes for the current target and the
current source tuple, then <command>MERGE</command> will behave
the same as the <command>UPDATE</command> or
<command>DELETE</command> commands and perform its action on the
updated version of the row. However, because <command>MERGE</command>
can specify several actions and they can be conditional, the
conditions for each action are re-evaluated on the updated version of
the row, starting from the first action, even if the action that had
originally matched appears later in the list of actions.
On the other hand, if the row is concurrently updated or deleted so
that the join condition fails, then <command>MERGE</command> will
evaluate the condition's <literal>NOT MATCHED</literal> actions next,
and execute the first one that succeeds.
If <command>MERGE</command> attempts an <command>INSERT</command>
and a unique index is present and a duplicate row is concurrently
inserted, then a uniqueness violation is raised.
<command>MERGE</command> does not attempt to avoid the
error by executing an <command>UPDATE</command>.
</para>
<para>
Because Read Committed mode starts each command with a new snapshot
that includes all transactions committed up to that instant,
@ -924,7 +955,8 @@ ERROR: could not serialize access due to read/write dependencies among transact
<para>
The commands <command>UPDATE</command>,
<command>DELETE</command>, and <command>INSERT</command>
<command>DELETE</command>, <command>INSERT</command>, and
<command>MERGE</command>
acquire this lock mode on the target table (in addition to
<literal>ACCESS SHARE</literal> locks on any other referenced
tables). In general, this lock mode will be acquired by any

5
doc/src/sgml/plpgsql.sgml
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@ -1388,7 +1388,7 @@ EXECUTE format('SELECT count(*) FROM %I '
Another restriction on parameter symbols is that they only work in
optimizable SQL commands
(<command>SELECT</command>, <command>INSERT</command>, <command>UPDATE</command>,
<command>DELETE</command>, and certain commands containing one of these).
<command>DELETE</command>, <command>MERGE</command>, and certain commands containing one of these).
In other statement
types (generically called utility statements), you must insert
values textually even if they are just data values.
@ -1666,7 +1666,8 @@ GET DIAGNOSTICS integer_var = ROW_COUNT;
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<command>UPDATE</command>, <command>INSERT</command>, and <command>DELETE</command>
<command>UPDATE</command>, <command>INSERT</command>, <command>DELETE</command>,
and <command>MERGE</command>
statements set <literal>FOUND</literal> true if at least one
row is affected, false if no row is affected.
</para>

1
doc/src/sgml/ref/allfiles.sgml
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@ -158,6 +158,7 @@ Complete list of usable sgml source files in this directory.
<!ENTITY listen SYSTEM "listen.sgml">
<!ENTITY load SYSTEM "load.sgml">
<!ENTITY lock SYSTEM "lock.sgml">
<!ENTITY merge SYSTEM "merge.sgml">
<!ENTITY move SYSTEM "move.sgml">
<!ENTITY notify SYSTEM "notify.sgml">
<!ENTITY prepare SYSTEM "prepare.sgml">

23
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_policy.sgml
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@ -55,7 +55,8 @@ CREATE POLICY <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> ON <replaceable
</para>
<para>
For <command>INSERT</command> and <command>UPDATE</command> statements,
For <command>INSERT</command>, <command>UPDATE</command>, and
<command>MERGE</command> statements,
<literal>WITH CHECK</literal> expressions are enforced after
<literal>BEFORE</literal> triggers are fired, and before any actual data
modifications are made. Thus a <literal>BEFORE ROW</literal> trigger may
@ -281,7 +282,9 @@ CREATE POLICY <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> ON <replaceable
<listitem>
<para>
Using <literal>INSERT</literal> for a policy means that it will apply
to <literal>INSERT</literal> commands. Rows being inserted that do
to <literal>INSERT</literal> commands and <literal>MERGE</literal>
commands that contain <literal>INSERT</literal> actions.
Rows being inserted that do
not pass this policy will result in a policy violation error, and the
entire <literal>INSERT</literal> command will be aborted.
An <literal>INSERT</literal> policy cannot have
@ -305,7 +308,9 @@ CREATE POLICY <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> ON <replaceable
to <literal>UPDATE</literal>, <literal>SELECT FOR UPDATE</literal>
and <literal>SELECT FOR SHARE</literal> commands, as well as
auxiliary <literal>ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE</literal> clauses of
<literal>INSERT</literal> commands. Since <literal>UPDATE</literal>
<literal>INSERT</literal> commands.
<literal>MERGE</literal> commands containing <literal>UPDATE</literal>
actions are affected as well. Since <literal>UPDATE</literal>
involves pulling an existing record and replacing it with a new
modified record, <literal>UPDATE</literal>
policies accept both a <literal>USING</literal> expression and
@ -435,7 +440,7 @@ CREATE POLICY <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> ON <replaceable
<entry>&mdash;</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><command>INSERT</command></entry>
<entry><command>INSERT</command> / <command>MERGE ... THEN INSERT</command></entry>
<entry>&mdash;</entry>
<entry>New row</entry>
<entry>&mdash;</entry>
@ -459,7 +464,7 @@ CREATE POLICY <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> ON <replaceable
<entry>&mdash;</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><command>UPDATE</command></entry>
<entry><command>UPDATE</command> / <command>MERGE ... THEN UPDATE</command></entry>
<entry>
Existing &amp; new rows <footnoteref linkend="rls-select-priv"/>
</entry>
@ -613,6 +618,14 @@ AND
(see <link linkend="sql-createview"><command>CREATE VIEW</command></link>).
</para>
<para>
No separate policy exists for <command>MERGE</command>. Instead, the policies
defined for <command>SELECT</command>, <command>INSERT</command>,
<command>UPDATE</command>, and <command>DELETE</command> are applied
while executing <command>MERGE</command>, depending on the actions that are
performed.
</para>
<para>
Additional discussion and practical examples can be found
in <xref linkend="ddl-rowsecurity"/>.

11
doc/src/sgml/ref/insert.sgml
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@ -589,6 +589,13 @@ INSERT <replaceable>oid</replaceable> <replaceable class="parameter">count</repl
is a partition, an error will occur if one of the input rows violates
the partition constraint.
</para>
<para>
You may also wish to consider using <command>MERGE</command>, since that
allows mixing <command>INSERT</command>, <command>UPDATE</command>, and
<command>DELETE</command> within a single statement.
See <xref linkend="sql-merge"/>.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
@ -759,7 +766,9 @@ INSERT INTO distributors (did, dname) VALUES (10, 'Conrad International')
Also, the case in
which a column name list is omitted, but not all the columns are
filled from the <literal>VALUES</literal> clause or <replaceable>query</replaceable>,
is disallowed by the standard.
is disallowed by the standard. If you prefer a more SQL standard
conforming statement than <literal>ON CONFLICT</literal>, see
<xref linkend="sql-merge"/>.
</para>
<para>

620
doc/src/sgml/ref/merge.sgml
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@ -0,0 +1,620 @@
<!--
doc/src/sgml/ref/merge.sgml
PostgreSQL documentation
-->
<refentry id="sql-merge">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>MERGE</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>7</manvolnum>
<refmiscinfo>SQL - Language Statements</refmiscinfo>
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>MERGE</refname>
<refpurpose>conditionally insert, update, or delete rows of a table</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<synopsis>
[ WITH <replaceable class="parameter">with_query</replaceable> [, ...] ]
MERGE INTO <replaceable class="parameter">target_table_name</replaceable> [ [ AS ] <replaceable class="parameter">target_alias</replaceable> ]
USING <replaceable class="parameter">data_source</replaceable> ON <replaceable class="parameter">join_condition</replaceable>
<replaceable class="parameter">when_clause</replaceable> [...]
<phrase>where <replaceable class="parameter">data_source</replaceable> is</phrase>
{ <replaceable class="parameter">source_table_name</replaceable> | ( <replaceable class="parameter">source_query</replaceable> ) } [ [ AS ] <replaceable class="parameter">source_alias</replaceable> ]
<phrase>and <replaceable class="parameter">when_clause</replaceable> is</phrase>
{ WHEN MATCHED [ AND <replaceable class="parameter">condition</replaceable> ] THEN { <replaceable class="parameter">merge_update</replaceable> | <replaceable class="parameter">merge_delete</replaceable> | DO NOTHING } |
WHEN NOT MATCHED [ AND <replaceable class="parameter">condition</replaceable> ] THEN { <replaceable class="parameter">merge_insert</replaceable> | DO NOTHING } }
<phrase>and <replaceable class="parameter">merge_insert</replaceable> is</phrase>
INSERT [( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ...] )]
[ OVERRIDING { SYSTEM | USER } VALUE ]
{ VALUES ( { <replaceable class="parameter">expression</replaceable> | DEFAULT } [, ...] ) | DEFAULT VALUES }
<phrase>and <replaceable class="parameter">merge_update</replaceable> is</phrase>
UPDATE SET { <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> = { <replaceable class="parameter">expression</replaceable> | DEFAULT } |
( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ...] ) = ( { <replaceable class="parameter">expression</replaceable> | DEFAULT } [, ...] ) } [, ...]
<phrase>and <replaceable class="parameter">merge_delete</replaceable> is</phrase>
DELETE
</synopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>
<command>MERGE</command> performs actions that modify rows in the
<replaceable class="parameter">target_table_name</replaceable>,
using the <replaceable class="parameter">data_source</replaceable>.
<command>MERGE</command> provides a single <acronym>SQL</acronym>
statement that can conditionally <command>INSERT</command>,
<command>UPDATE</command> or <command>DELETE</command> rows, a task
that would otherwise require multiple procedural language statements.
</para>
<para>
First, the <command>MERGE</command> command performs a join
from <replaceable class="parameter">data_source</replaceable> to
<replaceable class="parameter">target_table_name</replaceable>
producing zero or more candidate change rows. For each candidate change
row, the status of <literal>MATCHED</literal> or <literal>NOT MATCHED</literal>
is set just once, after which <literal>WHEN</literal> clauses are evaluated
in the order specified. For each candidate change row, the first clause to
evaluate as true is executed. No more than one <literal>WHEN</literal>
clause is executed for any candidate change row.
</para>
<para>
<command>MERGE</command> actions have the same effect as
regular <command>UPDATE</command>, <command>INSERT</command>, or
<command>DELETE</command> commands of the same names. The syntax of
those commands is different, notably that there is no <literal>WHERE</literal>
clause and no table name is specified. All actions refer to the
<replaceable class="parameter">target_table_name</replaceable>,
though modifications to other tables may be made using triggers.
</para>
<para>
When <literal>DO NOTHING</literal> is specified, the source row is
skipped. Since actions are evaluated in their specified order, <literal>DO
NOTHING</literal> can be handy to skip non-interesting source rows before
more fine-grained handling.
</para>
<para>
There is no separate <literal>MERGE</literal> privilege.
If you specify an update action, you must have the
<literal>UPDATE</literal> privilege on the column(s)
of the <replaceable class="parameter">target_table_name</replaceable>
that are referred to in the <literal>SET</literal> clause.
If you specify an insert action, you must have the <literal>INSERT</literal>
privilege on the <replaceable class="parameter">target_table_name</replaceable>.
If you specify an delete action, you must have the <literal>DELETE</literal>
privilege on the <replaceable class="parameter">target_table_name</replaceable>.
Privileges are tested once at statement start and are checked
whether or not particular <literal>WHEN</literal> clauses are executed.
You will require the <literal>SELECT</literal> privilege on the
<replaceable class="parameter">data_source</replaceable> and any column(s)
of the <replaceable class="parameter">target_table_name</replaceable>
referred to in a <literal>condition</literal>.
</para>
<para>
<command>MERGE</command> is not supported if the
<replaceable class="parameter">target_table_name</replaceable> is a
materialized view, foreign table, or if it has any
rules defined on it.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Parameters</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><replaceable class="parameter">target_table_name</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
The name (optionally schema-qualified) of the target table to merge into.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><replaceable class="parameter">target_alias</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
A substitute name for the target table. When an alias is
provided, it completely hides the actual name of the table. For
example, given <literal>MERGE INTO foo AS f</literal>, the remainder of the
<command>MERGE</command> statement must refer to this table as
<literal>f</literal> not <literal>foo</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><replaceable class="parameter">source_table_name</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
The name (optionally schema-qualified) of the source table, view, or
transition table.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><replaceable class="parameter">source_query</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
A query (<command>SELECT</command> statement or <command>VALUES</command>
statement) that supplies the rows to be merged into the
<replaceable class="parameter">target_table_name</replaceable>.
Refer to the <xref linkend="sql-select"/>
statement or <xref linkend="sql-values"/>
statement for a description of the syntax.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><replaceable class="parameter">source_alias</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
A substitute name for the data source. When an alias is
provided, it completely hides the actual name of the table or the fact
that a query was issued.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><replaceable class="parameter">join_condition</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
<replaceable class="parameter">join_condition</replaceable> is
an expression resulting in a value of type
<type>boolean</type> (similar to a <literal>WHERE</literal>
clause) that specifies which rows in the
<replaceable class="parameter">data_source</replaceable>
match rows in the
<replaceable class="parameter">target_table_name</replaceable>.
</para>
<warning>
<para>
Only columns from <replaceable class="parameter">target_table_name</replaceable>
that attempt to match <replaceable class="parameter">data_source</replaceable>
rows should appear in <replaceable class="parameter">join_condition</replaceable>.
<replaceable class="parameter">join_condition</replaceable> subexpressions that
only reference <replaceable class="parameter">target_table_name</replaceable>
columns can affect which action is taken, often in surprising ways.
</para>
</warning>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><replaceable class="parameter">when_clause</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
At least one <literal>WHEN</literal> clause is required.
</para>
<para>
If the <literal>WHEN</literal> clause specifies <literal>WHEN MATCHED</literal>
and the candidate change row matches a row in the
<replaceable class="parameter">target_table_name</replaceable>,
the <literal>WHEN</literal> clause is executed if the
<replaceable class="parameter">condition</replaceable> is
absent or it evaluates to <literal>true</literal>.
</para>
<para>
Conversely, if the <literal>WHEN</literal> clause specifies
<literal>WHEN NOT MATCHED</literal>
and the candidate change row does not match a row in the
<replaceable class="parameter">target_table_name</replaceable>,
the <literal>WHEN</literal> clause is executed if the
<replaceable class="parameter">condition</replaceable> is
absent or it evaluates to <literal>true</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><replaceable class="parameter">condition</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
An expression that returns a value of type <type>boolean</type>.
If this expression for a <literal>WHEN</literal> clause
returns <literal>true</literal>, then the action for that clause
is executed for that row.
</para>
<para>
A condition on a <literal>WHEN MATCHED</literal> clause can refer to columns
in both the source and the target relations. A condition on a
<literal>WHEN NOT MATCHED</literal> clause can only refer to columns from
the source relation, since by definition there is no matching target row.
Only the system attributes from the target table are accessible.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><replaceable class="parameter">merge_insert</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
The specification of an <literal>INSERT</literal> action that inserts
one row into the target table.
The target column names can be listed in any order. If no list of
column names is given at all, the default is all the columns of the
table in their declared order.
</para>
<para>
Each column not present in the explicit or implicit column list will be
filled with a default value, either its declared default value
or null if there is none.
</para>
<para>
If the expression for any column is not of the correct data type,
automatic type conversion will be attempted.
</para>
<para>
If <replaceable class="parameter">target_table_name</replaceable>
is a partitioned table, each row is routed to the appropriate partition
and inserted into it.
If <replaceable class="parameter">target_table_name</replaceable>
is a partition, an error will occur if any input row violates the
partition constraint.
</para>
<para>
Column names may not be specified more than once.
<command>INSERT</command> actions cannot contain sub-selects.
</para>
<para>
Only one <literal>VALUES</literal> clause can be specified.
The <literal>VALUES</literal> clause can only refer to columns from
the source relation, since by definition there is no matching target row.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><replaceable class="parameter">merge_update</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
The specification of an <literal>UPDATE</literal> action that updates
the current row of the <replaceable class="parameter">target_table_name</replaceable>.
Column names may not be specified more than once.
</para>
<para>
Neither a table name nor a <literal>WHERE</literal> clause are allowed.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><replaceable class="parameter">merge_delete</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Specifies a <literal>DELETE</literal> action that deletes the current row
of the <replaceable class="parameter">target_table_name</replaceable>.
Do not include the table name or any other clauses, as you would normally
do with a <xref linkend="sql-delete"/> command.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
The name of a column in the <replaceable
class="parameter">target_table_name</replaceable>. The column name
can be qualified with a subfield name or array subscript, if
needed. (Inserting into only some fields of a composite
column leaves the other fields null.)
Do not include the table's name in the specification
of a target column.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Without this clause, it is an error to specify an explicit value
(other than <literal>DEFAULT</literal>) for an identity column defined
as <literal>GENERATED ALWAYS</literal>. This clause overrides that
restriction.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>OVERRIDING USER VALUE</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
If this clause is specified, then any values supplied for identity
columns defined as <literal>GENERATED BY DEFAULT</literal> are ignored
and the default sequence-generated values are applied.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFAULT VALUES</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
All columns will be filled with their default values.
(An <literal>OVERRIDING</literal> clause is not permitted in this
form.)
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><replaceable class="parameter">expression</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
An expression to assign to the column. If used in a
<literal>WHEN MATCHED</literal> clause, the expression can use values
from the original row in the target table, and values from the
<literal>data_source</literal> row.
If used in a <literal>WHEN NOT MATCHED</literal> clause, the
expression can use values from the <literal>data_source</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFAULT</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Set the column to its default value (which will be <literal>NULL</literal>
if no specific default expression has been assigned to it).
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><replaceable class="parameter">with_query</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
The <literal>WITH</literal> clause allows you to specify one or more
subqueries that can be referenced by name in the <command>MERGE</command>
query. See <xref linkend="queries-with"/> and <xref linkend="sql-select"/>
for details.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Outputs</title>
<para>
On successful completion, a <command>MERGE</command> command returns a command
tag of the form
<screen>
MERGE <replaceable class="parameter">total_count</replaceable>
</screen>
The <replaceable class="parameter">total_count</replaceable> is the total
number of rows changed (whether inserted, updated, or deleted).
If <replaceable class="parameter">total_count</replaceable> is 0, no rows
were changed in any way.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Notes</title>
<para>
The following steps take place during the execution of
<command>MERGE</command>.
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Perform any <literal>BEFORE STATEMENT</literal> triggers for all
actions specified, whether or not their <literal>WHEN</literal>
clauses match.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Perform a join from source to target table.
The resulting query will be optimized normally and will produce
a set of candidate change rows. For each candidate change row,
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Evaluate whether each row is <literal>MATCHED</literal> or
<literal>NOT MATCHED</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Test each <literal>WHEN</literal> condition in the order
specified until one returns true.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
When a condition returns true, perform the following actions:
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Perform any <literal>BEFORE ROW</literal> triggers that fire
for the action's event type.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Perform the specified action, invoking any check constraints on the
target table.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Perform any <literal>AFTER ROW</literal> triggers that fire for
the action's event type.
</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Perform any <literal>AFTER STATEMENT</literal> triggers for actions
specified, whether or not they actually occur. This is similar to the
behavior of an <command>UPDATE</command> statement that modifies no rows.
</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
In summary, statement triggers for an event type (say,
<command>INSERT</command>) will be fired whenever we
<emphasis>specify</emphasis> an action of that kind.
In contrast, row-level triggers will fire only for the specific event type
being <emphasis>executed</emphasis>.
So a <command>MERGE</command> command might fire statement triggers for both
<command>UPDATE</command> and <command>INSERT</command>, even though only
<command>UPDATE</command> row triggers were fired.
</para>
<para>
You should ensure that the join produces at most one candidate change row
for each target row. In other words, a target row shouldn't join to more
than one data source row. If it does, then only one of the candidate change
rows will be used to modify the target row; later attempts to modify the
row will cause an error.
This can also occur if row triggers make changes to the target table
and the rows so modified are then subsequently also modified by
<command>MERGE</command>.
If the repeated action is an <command>INSERT</command>, this will
cause a uniqueness violation, while a repeated <command>UPDATE</command>
or <command>DELETE</command> will cause a cardinality violation; the
latter behavior is required by the <acronym>SQL</acronym> standard.
This differs from historical <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
behavior of joins in <command>UPDATE</command> and
<command>DELETE</command> statements where second and subsequent
attempts to modify the same row are simply ignored.
</para>
<para>
If a <literal>WHEN</literal> clause omits an <literal>AND</literal>
sub-clause, it becomes the final reachable clause of that
kind (<literal>MATCHED</literal> or <literal>NOT MATCHED</literal>).
If a later <literal>WHEN</literal> clause of that kind
is specified it would be provably unreachable and an error is raised.
If no final reachable clause is specified of either kind, it is
possible that no action will be taken for a candidate change row.
</para>
<para>
The order in which rows are generated from the data source is
indeterminate by default.
A <replaceable class="parameter">source_query</replaceable> can be
used to specify a consistent ordering, if required, which might be
needed to avoid deadlocks between concurrent transactions.
</para>
<para>
There is no <literal>RETURNING</literal> clause with
<command>MERGE</command>. Actions of <command>INSERT</command>,
<command>UPDATE</command> and <command>DELETE</command> cannot contain
<literal>RETURNING</literal> or <literal>WITH</literal> clauses.
</para>
<para>
You may also wish to consider using <command>INSERT ... ON CONFLICT</command>
as an alternative statement which offers the ability to run an
<command>UPDATE</command> if a concurrent <command>INSERT</command>
occurs. There are a variety of differences and restrictions between
the two statement types and they are not interchangeable.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Examples</title>
<para>
Perform maintenance on <literal>CustomerAccounts</literal> based
upon new <literal>Transactions</literal>.
<programlisting>
MERGE INTO CustomerAccount CA
USING RecentTransactions T
ON T.CustomerId = CA.CustomerId
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET Balance = Balance + TransactionValue
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (CustomerId, Balance)
VALUES (T.CustomerId, T.TransactionValue);
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
Notice that this would be exactly equivalent to the following
statement because the <literal>MATCHED</literal> result does not change
during execution.
<programlisting>
MERGE INTO CustomerAccount CA
USING (Select CustomerId, TransactionValue From RecentTransactions) AS T
ON CA.CustomerId = T.CustomerId
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (CustomerId, Balance)
VALUES (T.CustomerId, T.TransactionValue)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET Balance = Balance + TransactionValue;
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
Attempt to insert a new stock item along with the quantity of stock. If
the item already exists, instead update the stock count of the existing
item. Don't allow entries that have zero stock.
<programlisting>
MERGE INTO wines w
USING wine_stock_changes s
ON s.winename = w.winename
WHEN NOT MATCHED AND s.stock_delta > 0 THEN
INSERT VALUES(s.winename, s.stock_delta)
WHEN MATCHED AND w.stock + s.stock_delta > 0 THEN
UPDATE SET stock = w.stock + s.stock_delta;
WHEN MATCHED THEN
DELETE;
</programlisting>
The <literal>wine_stock_changes</literal> table might be, for example, a
temporary table recently loaded into the database.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Compatibility</title>
<para>
This command conforms to the <acronym>SQL</acronym> standard.
</para>
<para>
The WITH clause and <literal>DO NOTHING</literal> action are extensions to
the <acronym>SQL</acronym> standard.
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>

1
doc/src/sgml/reference.sgml
Unescape View File

@ -186,6 +186,7 @@
&listen;
&load;
&lock;
&merge;
&move;
&notify;
&prepare;

22
doc/src/sgml/trigger.sgml
Unescape View File

@ -192,6 +192,28 @@
will be fired.
</para>
<para>
No separate triggers are defined for <command>MERGE</command>. Instead,
statement-level or row-level <command>UPDATE</command>,
<command>DELETE</command>, and <command>INSERT</command> triggers are fired
depending on (for statement-level triggers) what actions are specified in
the <command>MERGE</command> query and (for row-level triggers) what
actions are performed.
</para>
<para>
While running a <command>MERGE</command> command, statement-level
<literal>BEFORE</literal> and <literal>AFTER</literal> triggers are
fired for events specified in the actions of the <command>MERGE</command>
command, irrespective of whether or not the action is ultimately performed.
This is the same as an <command>UPDATE</command> statement that updates
no rows, yet statement-level triggers are fired.
The row-level triggers are fired only when a row is actually updated,
inserted or deleted. So it's perfectly legal that while statement-level
triggers are fired for certain types of action, no row-level triggers
are fired for the same kind of action.
</para>
<para>
Trigger functions invoked by per-statement triggers should always
return <symbol>NULL</symbol>. Trigger functions invoked by per-row

6
src/backend/catalog/sql_features.txt
Unescape View File

@ -240,9 +240,9 @@ F311 Schema definition statement 02 CREATE TABLE for persistent base tables YES
F311 Schema definition statement 03 CREATE VIEW YES
F311 Schema definition statement 04 CREATE VIEW: WITH CHECK OPTION YES
F311 Schema definition statement 05 GRANT statement YES
F312 MERGE statement NO consider INSERT ... ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE
F313 Enhanced MERGE statement NO
F314 MERGE statement with DELETE branch NO
F312 MERGE statement YES
F313 Enhanced MERGE statement YES
F314 MERGE statement with DELETE branch YES
F321 User authorization YES
F341 Usage tables YES
F361 Subprogram support YES

35
src/backend/commands/explain.c
Unescape View File

@ -1188,6 +1188,9 @@ ExplainNode(PlanState *planstate, List *ancestors,
case CMD_DELETE:
pname = operation = "Delete";
break;
case CMD_MERGE:
pname = operation = "Merge";
break;
default:
pname = "???";
break;
@ -3877,6 +3880,11 @@ show_modifytable_info(ModifyTableState *mtstate, List *ancestors,
operation = "Delete";
foperation = "Foreign Delete";
break;
case CMD_MERGE:
operation = "Merge";
/* XXX unsupported for now, but avoid compiler noise */
foperation = "Foreign Merge";
break;
default:
operation = "???";
foperation = "Foreign ???";
@ -3999,6 +4007,33 @@ show_modifytable_info(ModifyTableState *mtstate, List *ancestors,
other_path, 0, es);
}
}
else if (node->operation == CMD_MERGE)
{
/* EXPLAIN ANALYZE display of tuples processed */
if (es->analyze && mtstate->ps.instrument)
{
double total;
double insert_path;
double update_path;
double delete_path;
double skipped_path;
InstrEndLoop(outerPlanState(mtstate)->instrument);
/* count the number of source rows */
total = outerPlanState(mtstate)->instrument->ntuples;
insert_path = mtstate->mt_merge_inserted;
update_path = mtstate->mt_merge_updated;
delete_path = mtstate->mt_merge_deleted;
skipped_path = total - insert_path - update_path - delete_path;
Assert(skipped_path >= 0);
ExplainPropertyFloat("Tuples Inserted", NULL, insert_path, 0, es);
ExplainPropertyFloat("Tuples Updated", NULL, update_path, 0, es);
ExplainPropertyFloat("Tuples Deleted", NULL, delete_path, 0, es);
ExplainPropertyFloat("Tuples Skipped", NULL, skipped_path, 0, es);
}
}
if (labeltargets)
ExplainCloseGroup("Target Tables", "Target Tables", false, es);

126
src/backend/commands/trigger.c
Unescape View File

@ -84,7 +84,8 @@ static bool GetTupleForTrigger(EState *estate,
ItemPointer tid,
LockTupleMode lockmode,
TupleTableSlot *oldslot,
TupleTableSlot **newSlot);
TupleTableSlot **newSlot,
TM_FailureData *tmfpd);
static bool TriggerEnabled(EState *estate, ResultRelInfo *relinfo,
Trigger *trigger, TriggerEvent event,
Bitmapset *modifiedCols,
@ -2713,7 +2714,8 @@ ExecBRDeleteTriggers(EState *estate, EPQState *epqstate,
TupleTableSlot *epqslot_candidate = NULL;
if (!GetTupleForTrigger(estate, epqstate, relinfo, tupleid,
LockTupleExclusive, slot, &epqslot_candidate))
LockTupleExclusive, slot, &epqslot_candidate,
NULL))
return false;
/*
@ -2728,7 +2730,6 @@ ExecBRDeleteTriggers(EState *estate, EPQState *epqstate,
}
trigtuple = ExecFetchSlotHeapTuple(slot, true, &should_free);
}
else
{
@ -2804,6 +2805,7 @@ ExecARDeleteTriggers(EState *estate,
tupleid,
LockTupleExclusive,
slot,
NULL,
NULL);
else
ExecForceStoreHeapTuple(fdw_trigtuple, slot, false);
@ -2944,7 +2946,8 @@ ExecBRUpdateTriggers(EState *estate, EPQState *epqstate,
ResultRelInfo *relinfo,
ItemPointer tupleid,
HeapTuple fdw_trigtuple,
TupleTableSlot *newslot)
TupleTableSlot *newslot,
TM_FailureData *tmfd)
{
TriggerDesc *trigdesc = relinfo->ri_TrigDesc;
TupleTableSlot *oldslot = ExecGetTriggerOldSlot(estate, relinfo);
@ -2967,7 +2970,8 @@ ExecBRUpdateTriggers(EState *estate, EPQState *epqstate,
/* get a copy of the on-disk tuple we are planning to update */
if (!GetTupleForTrigger(estate, epqstate, relinfo, tupleid,
lockmode, oldslot, &epqslot_candidate))
lockmode, oldslot, &epqslot_candidate,
tmfd))
return false; /* cancel the update action */
/*
@ -3121,6 +3125,7 @@ ExecARUpdateTriggers(EState *estate, ResultRelInfo *relinfo,
tupleid,
LockTupleExclusive,
oldslot,
NULL,
NULL);
else if (fdw_trigtuple != NULL)
ExecForceStoreHeapTuple(fdw_trigtuple, oldslot, false);
@ -3275,7 +3280,8 @@ GetTupleForTrigger(EState *estate,
ItemPointer tid,
LockTupleMode lockmode,
TupleTableSlot *oldslot,
TupleTableSlot **epqslot)
TupleTableSlot **epqslot,
TM_FailureData *tmfdp)
{
Relation relation = relinfo->ri_RelationDesc;
@ -3301,6 +3307,10 @@ GetTupleForTrigger(EState *estate,
lockflags,
&tmfd);
/* Let the caller know about the status of this operation */
if (tmfdp)
*tmfdp = tmfd;
switch (test)
{
case TM_SelfModified:
@ -3821,8 +3831,23 @@ struct AfterTriggersTableData
bool before_trig_done; /* did we already queue BS triggers? */
bool after_trig_done; /* did we already queue AS triggers? */
AfterTriggerEventList after_trig_events; /* if so, saved list pointer */
Tuplestorestate *old_tuplestore; /* "old" transition table, if any */
Tuplestorestate *new_tuplestore; /* "new" transition table, if any */
/*
* We maintain separate transition tables for UPDATE/INSERT/DELETE since
* MERGE can run all three actions in a single statement. Note that UPDATE
* needs both old and new transition tables whereas INSERT needs only new,
* and DELETE needs only old.
*/
/* "old" transition table for UPDATE, if any */
Tuplestorestate *old_upd_tuplestore;
/* "new" transition table for UPDATE, if any */
Tuplestorestate *new_upd_tuplestore;
/* "old" transition table for DELETE, if any */
Tuplestorestate *old_del_tuplestore;
/* "new" transition table for INSERT, if any */
Tuplestorestate *new_ins_tuplestore;
TupleTableSlot *storeslot; /* for converting to tuplestore's format */
};
@ -4374,13 +4399,19 @@ AfterTriggerExecute(EState *estate,
{
if (LocTriggerData.tg_trigger->tgoldtable)
{
LocTriggerData.tg_oldtable = evtshared->ats_table->old_tuplestore;
if (TRIGGER_FIRED_BY_UPDATE(evtshared->ats_event))
LocTriggerData.tg_oldtable = evtshared->ats_table->old_upd_tuplestore;
else
LocTriggerData.tg_oldtable = evtshared->ats_table->old_del_tuplestore;
evtshared->ats_table->closed = true;
}
if (LocTriggerData.tg_trigger->tgnewtable)
{
LocTriggerData.tg_newtable = evtshared->ats_table->new_tuplestore;
if (TRIGGER_FIRED_BY_INSERT(evtshared->ats_event))
LocTriggerData.tg_newtable = evtshared->ats_table->new_ins_tuplestore;
else
LocTriggerData.tg_newtable = evtshared->ats_table->new_upd_tuplestore;
evtshared->ats_table->closed = true;
}
}
@ -4794,8 +4825,10 @@ TransitionCaptureState *
MakeTransitionCaptureState(TriggerDesc *trigdesc, Oid relid, CmdType cmdType)
{
TransitionCaptureState *state;
bool need_old,
need_new;
bool need_old_upd,
need_new_upd,
need_old_del,
need_new_ins;
AfterTriggersTableData *table;
MemoryContext oldcxt;
ResourceOwner saveResourceOwner;
@ -4807,23 +4840,31 @@ MakeTransitionCaptureState(TriggerDesc *trigdesc, Oid relid, CmdType cmdType)
switch (cmdType)
{
case CMD_INSERT:
need_old = false;
need_new = trigdesc->trig_insert_new_table;
need_old_upd = need_old_del = need_new_upd = false;
need_new_ins = trigdesc->trig_insert_new_table;
break;
case CMD_UPDATE:
need_old = trigdesc->trig_update_old_table;
need_new = trigdesc->trig_update_new_table;
need_old_upd = trigdesc->trig_update_old_table;
need_new_upd = trigdesc->trig_update_new_table;
need_old_del = need_new_ins = false;
break;
case CMD_DELETE:
need_old = trigdesc->trig_delete_old_table;
need_new = false;
need_old_del = trigdesc->trig_delete_old_table;
need_old_upd = need_new_upd = need_new_ins = false;
break;
case CMD_MERGE:
need_old_upd = trigdesc->trig_update_old_table;
need_new_upd = trigdesc->trig_update_new_table;
need_old_del = trigdesc->trig_delete_old_table;
need_new_ins = trigdesc->trig_insert_new_table;
break;
default:
elog(ERROR, "unexpected CmdType: %d", (int) cmdType);
need_old = need_new = false; /* keep compiler quiet */
/* keep compiler quiet */
need_old_upd = need_new_upd = need_old_del = need_new_ins = false;
break;
}
if (!need_old && !need_new)
if (!need_old_upd && !need_new_upd && !need_new_ins && !need_old_del)
return NULL;
/* Check state, like AfterTriggerSaveEvent. */
@ -4853,10 +4894,14 @@ MakeTransitionCaptureState(TriggerDesc *trigdesc, Oid relid, CmdType cmdType)
saveResourceOwner = CurrentResourceOwner;
CurrentResourceOwner = CurTransactionResourceOwner;
if (need_old && table->old_tuplestore == NULL)
table->old_tuplestore = tuplestore_begin_heap(false, false, work_mem);
if (need_new && table->new_tuplestore == NULL)
table->new_tuplestore = tuplestore_begin_heap(false, false, work_mem);
if (need_old_upd && table->old_upd_tuplestore == NULL)
table->old_upd_tuplestore = tuplestore_begin_heap(false, false, work_mem);
if (need_new_upd && table->new_upd_tuplestore == NULL)
table->new_upd_tuplestore = tuplestore_begin_heap(false, false, work_mem);
if (need_old_del && table->old_del_tuplestore == NULL)
table->old_del_tuplestore = tuplestore_begin_heap(false, false, work_mem);
if (need_new_ins && table->new_ins_tuplestore == NULL)
table->new_ins_tuplestore = tuplestore_begin_heap(false, false, work_mem);
CurrentResourceOwner = saveResourceOwner;
MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcxt);
@ -5045,12 +5090,20 @@ AfterTriggerFreeQuery(AfterTriggersQueryData *qs)
{
AfterTriggersTableData *table = (AfterTriggersTableData *) lfirst(lc);
ts = table->old_tuplestore;
table->old_tuplestore = NULL;
ts = table->old_upd_tuplestore;
table->old_upd_tuplestore = NULL;
if (ts)
tuplestore_end(ts);
ts = table->new_upd_tuplestore;
table->new_upd_tuplestore = NULL;
if (ts)
tuplestore_end(ts);
ts = table->old_del_tuplestore;
table->old_del_tuplestore = NULL;
if (ts)
tuplestore_end(ts);
ts = table->new_tuplestore;
table->new_tuplestore = NULL;
ts = table->new_ins_tuplestore;
table->new_ins_tuplestore = NULL;
if (ts)
tuplestore_end(ts);
if (table->storeslot)
@ -5356,17 +5409,17 @@ GetAfterTriggersTransitionTable(int event,
{
Assert(TupIsNull(newslot));
if (event == TRIGGER_EVENT_DELETE && delete_old_table)
tuplestore = transition_capture->tcs_private->old_tuplestore;
tuplestore = transition_capture->tcs_private->old_del_tuplestore;
else if (event == TRIGGER_EVENT_UPDATE && update_old_table)
tuplestore = transition_capture->tcs_private->old_tuplestore;
tuplestore = transition_capture->tcs_private->old_upd_tuplestore;
}
else if (!TupIsNull(newslot))
{
Assert(TupIsNull(oldslot));
if (event == TRIGGER_EVENT_INSERT && insert_new_table)
tuplestore = transition_capture->tcs_private->new_tuplestore;
tuplestore = transition_capture->tcs_private->new_ins_tuplestore;
else if (event == TRIGGER_EVENT_UPDATE && update_new_table)
tuplestore = transition_capture->tcs_private->new_tuplestore;
tuplestore = transition_capture->tcs_private->new_upd_tuplestore;
}
return tuplestore;
@ -5980,6 +6033,7 @@ AfterTriggerSaveEvent(EState *estate, ResultRelInfo *relinfo,
*/
if (row_trigger && transition_capture != NULL)
{
TupleTableSlot *original_insert_tuple = transition_capture->tcs_original_insert_tuple;
/*
* Capture the old tuple in the appropriate transition table based on
@ -6010,17 +6064,15 @@ AfterTriggerSaveEvent(EState *estate, ResultRelInfo *relinfo,
newslot,
transition_capture);
TransitionTableAddTuple(estate, transition_capture, relinfo,
newslot,
transition_capture->tcs_original_insert_tuple,
new_tuplestore);
newslot, original_insert_tuple, new_tuplestore);
}
/*
* If transition tables are the only reason we're here, return. As
* mentioned above, we can also be here during update tuple routing in
* presence of transition tables, in which case this function is
* called separately for oldtup and newtup, so we expect exactly one
* of them to be NULL.
* called separately for OLD and NEW, so we expect exactly one of them
* to be NULL.
*/
if (trigdesc == NULL ||
(event == TRIGGER_EVENT_DELETE && !trigdesc->trig_delete_after_row) ||

41
src/backend/executor/README
Unescape View File

@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ columns, combine the values into a new row, and apply the update. (For a
heap table, the row-identity junk column is a CTID, but other things may
be used for other table types.) For DELETE, the plan tree need only deliver
junk row-identity column(s), and the ModifyTable node visits each of those
rows and marks the row deleted.
rows and marks the row deleted. MERGE is described below.
XXX a great deal more documentation needs to be written here...
@ -223,6 +223,45 @@ fast-path step types (EEOP_ASSIGN_*_VAR) to handle targetlist entries that
are simple Vars using only one step instead of two.
MERGE
-----
MERGE is a multiple-table, multiple-action command: It specifies a target
table and a source relation, and can contain multiple WHEN MATCHED and
WHEN NOT MATCHED clauses, each of which specifies one UPDATE, INSERT,
UPDATE, or DO NOTHING actions. The target table is modified by MERGE,
and the source relation supplies additional data for the actions. Each action
optionally specifies a qualifying expression that is evaluated for each tuple.
In the planner, transform_MERGE_to_join constructs a join between the target
table and the source relation, with row-identifying junk columns from the target
table. This join is an outer join if the MERGE command contains any WHEN NOT
MATCHED clauses; the ModifyTable node fetches tuples from the plan tree of that
join. If the row-identifying columns in the fetched tuple are NULL, then the
source relation contains a tuple that is not matched by any tuples in the
target table, so the qualifying expression for each WHEN NOT MATCHED clause is
evaluated given that tuple as returned by the plan. If the expression returns
true, the action indicated by the clause is executed, and no further clauses
are evaluated. On the other hand, if the row-identifying columns are not
NULL, then the matching tuple from the target table can be fetched; qualifying
expression of each WHEN MATCHED clause is evaluated given both the fetched
tuple and the tuple returned by the plan.
If no WHEN NOT MATCHED clauses are present, then the join constructed by
the planner is an inner join, and the row-identifying junk columns are
always non NULL.
If WHEN MATCHED ends up processing a row that is concurrently updated or deleted,
EvalPlanQual (see below) is used to find the latest version of the row, and
that is re-fetched; if it exists, the search for a matching WHEN MATCHED clause
to use starts at the top.
MERGE does not allow its own type of triggers, but instead fires UPDATE, DELETE,
and INSERT triggers: row triggers are fired for each row when an action is
executed for that row. Statement triggers are fired always, regardless of
whether any rows match the corresponding clauses.
Memory Management
-----------------

16
src/backend/executor/execMain.c
Unescape View File

@ -233,6 +233,7 @@ standard_ExecutorStart(QueryDesc *queryDesc, int eflags)
case CMD_INSERT:
case CMD_DELETE:
case CMD_UPDATE:
case CMD_MERGE:
estate->es_output_cid = GetCurrentCommandId(true);
break;
@ -1244,6 +1245,8 @@ InitResultRelInfo(ResultRelInfo *resultRelInfo,
resultRelInfo->ri_ReturningSlot = NULL;
resultRelInfo->ri_TrigOldSlot = NULL;
resultRelInfo->ri_TrigNewSlot = NULL;
resultRelInfo->ri_matchedMergeAction = NIL;
resultRelInfo->ri_notMatchedMergeAction = NIL;
/*
* Only ExecInitPartitionInfo() and ExecInitPartitionDispatchInfo() pass
@ -2142,6 +2145,19 @@ ExecWithCheckOptions(WCOKind kind, ResultRelInfo *resultRelInfo,
errmsg("new row violates row-level security policy for table \"%s\"",
wco->relname)));
break;
case WCO_RLS_MERGE_UPDATE_CHECK:
case WCO_RLS_MERGE_DELETE_CHECK:
if (wco->polname != NULL)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
errmsg("target row violates row-level security policy \"%s\" (USING expression) for table \"%s\"",
wco->polname, wco->relname)));
else
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
errmsg("target row violates row-level security policy (USING expression) for table \"%s\"",
wco->relname)));
break;
case WCO_RLS_CONFLICT_CHECK:
if (wco->polname != NULL)
ereport(ERROR,

113
src/backend/executor/execPartition.c
Unescape View File

@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
#include "executor/execPartition.h"
#include "executor/executor.h"
#include "executor/nodeModifyTable.h"
#include "foreign/fdwapi.h"
#include "mb/pg_wchar.h"
#include "miscadmin.h"
@ -182,6 +183,7 @@ static char *ExecBuildSlotPartitionKeyDescription(Relation rel,
bool *isnull,
int maxfieldlen);
static List *adjust_partition_colnos(List *colnos, ResultRelInfo *leaf_part_rri);
static List *adjust_partition_colnos_using_map(List *colnos, AttrMap *attrMap);
static void ExecInitPruningContext(PartitionPruneContext *context,
List *pruning_steps,
PartitionDesc partdesc,
@ -853,6 +855,99 @@ ExecInitPartitionInfo(ModifyTableState *mtstate, EState *estate,
lappend(estate->es_tuple_routing_result_relations,
leaf_part_rri);
/*
* Initialize information about this partition that's needed to handle
* MERGE. We take the "first" result relation's mergeActionList as
* reference and make copy for this relation, converting stuff that
* references attribute numbers to match this relation's.
*
* This duplicates much of the logic in ExecInitMerge(), so something
* changes there, look here too.
*/
if (node && node->operation == CMD_MERGE)
{
List *firstMergeActionList = linitial(node->mergeActionLists);
ListCell *lc;
ExprContext *econtext = mtstate->ps.ps_ExprContext;
if (part_attmap == NULL)
part_attmap =
build_attrmap_by_name(RelationGetDescr(partrel),
RelationGetDescr(firstResultRel));
if (unlikely(!leaf_part_rri->ri_projectNewInfoValid))
ExecInitMergeTupleSlots(mtstate, leaf_part_rri);
foreach(lc, firstMergeActionList)
{
/* Make a copy for this relation to be safe. */
MergeAction *action = copyObject(lfirst(lc));
MergeActionState *action_state;
List **list;
/* Generate the action's state for this relation */
action_state = makeNode(MergeActionState);
action_state->mas_action = action;
/* And put the action in the appropriate list */
if (action->matched)
list = &leaf_part_rri->ri_matchedMergeAction;
else
list = &leaf_part_rri->ri_notMatchedMergeAction;
*list = lappend(*list, action_state);
switch (action->commandType)
{
case CMD_INSERT:
/*
* ExecCheckPlanOutput() already done on the targetlist
* when "first" result relation initialized and it is same
* for all result relations.
*/
action_state->mas_proj =
ExecBuildProjectionInfo(action->targetList, econtext,
leaf_part_rri->ri_newTupleSlot,
&mtstate->ps,
RelationGetDescr(partrel));
break;
case CMD_UPDATE:
/*
* Convert updateColnos from "first" result relation
* attribute numbers to this result rel's.
*/
if (part_attmap)
action->updateColnos =
adjust_partition_colnos_using_map(action->updateColnos,
part_attmap);
action_state->mas_proj =
ExecBuildUpdateProjection(action->targetList,
true,
action->updateColnos,
RelationGetDescr(leaf_part_rri->ri_RelationDesc),
econtext,
leaf_part_rri->ri_newTupleSlot,
NULL);
break;
case CMD_DELETE:
break;
default:
elog(ERROR, "unknown action in MERGE WHEN clause");
}
/* found_whole_row intentionally ignored. */
action->qual =
map_variable_attnos(action->qual,
firstVarno, 0,
part_attmap,
RelationGetForm(partrel)->reltype,
&found_whole_row);
action_state->mas_whenqual =
ExecInitQual((List *) action->qual, &mtstate->ps);
}
}
MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcxt);
return leaf_part_rri;
@ -1433,13 +1528,23 @@ ExecBuildSlotPartitionKeyDescription(Relation rel,
static List *
adjust_partition_colnos(List *colnos, ResultRelInfo *leaf_part_rri)
{
List *new_colnos = NIL;
TupleConversionMap *map = ExecGetChildToRootMap(leaf_part_rri);
AttrMap *attrMap;
return adjust_partition_colnos_using_map(colnos, map->attrMap);
}
/*
* adjust_partition_colnos_using_map
* Like adjust_partition_colnos, but uses a caller-supplied map instead
* of assuming to map from the "root" result relation.
*/
static List *
adjust_partition_colnos_using_map(List *colnos, AttrMap *attrMap)
{
List *new_colnos = NIL;
ListCell *lc;
Assert(map != NULL); /* else we shouldn't be here */
attrMap = map->attrMap;
Assert(attrMap != NULL); /* else we shouldn't be here */
foreach(lc, colnos)
{

2
src/backend/executor/execReplication.c
Unescape View File

@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ ExecSimpleRelationUpdate(ResultRelInfo *resultRelInfo,
resultRelInfo->ri_TrigDesc->trig_update_before_row)
{
if (!ExecBRUpdateTriggers(estate, epqstate, resultRelInfo,
tid, NULL, slot))
tid, NULL, slot, NULL))
skip_tuple = true; /* "do nothing" */
}

936
src/backend/executor/nodeModifyTable.c
View File

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load Diff

3
src/backend/executor/spi.c
Unescape View File

@ -2881,6 +2881,9 @@ _SPI_pquery(QueryDesc *queryDesc, bool fire_triggers, uint64 tcount)
else
res = SPI_OK_UPDATE;
break;
case CMD_MERGE:
res = SPI_OK_MERGE;
break;
default:
return SPI_ERROR_OPUNKNOWN;
}

55
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
Unescape View File

@ -228,6 +228,7 @@ _copyModifyTable(const ModifyTable *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(onConflictWhere);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(exclRelRTI);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(exclRelTlist);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(mergeActionLists);
return newnode;
}
@ -2888,6 +2889,35 @@ _copyCommonTableExpr(const CommonTableExpr *from)
return newnode;
}
static MergeWhenClause *
_copyMergeWhenClause(const MergeWhenClause *from)
{
MergeWhenClause *newnode = makeNode(MergeWhenClause);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(matched);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(commandType);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(override);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(condition);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(targetList);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(values);
return newnode;
}
static MergeAction *
_copyMergeAction(const MergeAction *from)
{
MergeAction *newnode = makeNode(MergeAction);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(matched);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(commandType);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(override);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(qual);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(targetList);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(updateColnos);
return newnode;
}
static A_Expr *
_copyA_Expr(const A_Expr *from)
{
@ -3394,6 +3424,8 @@ _copyQuery(const Query *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(setOperations);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(constraintDeps);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(withCheckOptions);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(mergeActionList);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(mergeUseOuterJoin);
COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(stmt_location);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(stmt_len);
@ -3457,6 +3489,20 @@ _copyUpdateStmt(const UpdateStmt *from)
return newnode;
}
static MergeStmt *
_copyMergeStmt(const MergeStmt *from)
{
MergeStmt *newnode = makeNode(MergeStmt);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(relation);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(sourceRelation);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(joinCondition);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(mergeWhenClauses);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(withClause);
return newnode;
}
static SelectStmt *
_copySelectStmt(const SelectStmt *from)
{
@ -5662,6 +5708,9 @@ copyObjectImpl(const void *from)
case T_UpdateStmt:
retval = _copyUpdateStmt(from);
break;
case T_MergeStmt:
retval = _copyMergeStmt(from);
break;
case T_SelectStmt:
retval = _copySelectStmt(from);
break;
@ -6136,6 +6185,12 @@ copyObjectImpl(const void *from)
case T_CommonTableExpr:
retval = _copyCommonTableExpr(from);
break;
case T_MergeWhenClause:
retval = _copyMergeWhenClause(from);
break;
case T_MergeAction:
retval = _copyMergeAction(from);
break;
case T_ObjectWithArgs:
retval = _copyObjectWithArgs(from);
break;

49
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
Unescape View File

@ -1146,6 +1146,8 @@ _equalQuery(const Query *a, const Query *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(setOperations);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(constraintDeps);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(withCheckOptions);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(mergeActionList);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(mergeUseOuterJoin);
COMPARE_LOCATION_FIELD(stmt_location);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(stmt_len);
@ -1201,6 +1203,18 @@ _equalUpdateStmt(const UpdateStmt *a, const UpdateStmt *b)
return true;
}
static bool
_equalMergeStmt(const MergeStmt *a, const MergeStmt *b)
{
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(relation);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(sourceRelation);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(joinCondition);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(mergeWhenClauses);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(withClause);
return true;
}
static bool
_equalSelectStmt(const SelectStmt *a, const SelectStmt *b)
{
@ -3118,6 +3132,32 @@ _equalCommonTableExpr(const CommonTableExpr *a, const CommonTableExpr *b)
return true;
}
static bool
_equalMergeWhenClause(const MergeWhenClause *a, const MergeWhenClause *b)
{
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(matched);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(commandType);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(override);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(condition);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(targetList);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(values);
return true;
}
static bool
_equalMergeAction(const MergeAction *a, const MergeAction *b)
{
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(matched);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(commandType);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(override);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(qual);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(targetList);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(updateColnos);
return true;
}
static bool
_equalXmlSerialize(const XmlSerialize *a, const XmlSerialize *b)
{
@ -3576,6 +3616,9 @@ equal(const void *a, const void *b)
case T_UpdateStmt:
retval = _equalUpdateStmt(a, b);
break;
case T_MergeStmt:
retval = _equalMergeStmt(a, b);
break;
case T_SelectStmt:
retval = _equalSelectStmt(a, b);
break;
@ -4050,6 +4093,12 @@ equal(const void *a, const void *b)
case T_CommonTableExpr:
retval = _equalCommonTableExpr(a, b);
break;
case T_MergeWhenClause:
retval = _equalMergeWhenClause(a, b);
break;
case T_MergeAction:
retval = _equalMergeAction(a, b);
break;
case T_ObjectWithArgs:
retval = _equalObjectWithArgs(a, b);
break;

59
src/backend/nodes/nodeFuncs.c
Unescape View File

@ -2303,6 +2303,16 @@ expression_tree_walker(Node *node,
return true;
}
break;
case T_MergeAction:
{
MergeAction *action = (MergeAction *) node;
if (walker(action->targetList, context))
return true;
if (walker(action->qual, context))
return true;
}
break;
case T_PartitionPruneStepOp:
{
PartitionPruneStepOp *opstep = (PartitionPruneStepOp *) node;
@ -2463,6 +2473,8 @@ query_tree_walker(Query *query,
return true;
if (walker((Node *) query->onConflict, context))
return true;
if (walker((Node *) query->mergeActionList, context))
return true;
if (walker((Node *) query->returningList, context))
return true;
if (walker((Node *) query->jointree, context))
@ -3252,6 +3264,18 @@ expression_tree_mutator(Node *node,
return (Node *) newnode;
}
break;
case T_MergeAction:
{
MergeAction *action = (MergeAction *) node;
MergeAction *newnode;
FLATCOPY(newnode, action, MergeAction);
MUTATE(newnode->qual, action->qual, Node *);
MUTATE(newnode->targetList, action->targetList, List *);
return (Node *) newnode;
}
break;
case T_PartitionPruneStepOp:
{
PartitionPruneStepOp *opstep = (PartitionPruneStepOp *) node;
@ -3464,6 +3488,7 @@ query_tree_mutator(Query *query,
MUTATE(query->targetList, query->targetList, List *);
MUTATE(query->withCheckOptions, query->withCheckOptions, List *);
MUTATE(query->onConflict, query->onConflict, OnConflictExpr *);
MUTATE(query->mergeActionList, query->mergeActionList, List *);
MUTATE(query->returningList, query->returningList, List *);
MUTATE(query->jointree, query->jointree, FromExpr *);
MUTATE(query->setOperations, query->setOperations, Node *);
@ -3656,9 +3681,9 @@ query_or_expression_tree_mutator(Node *node,
* boundaries: we descend to everything that's possibly interesting.
*
* Currently, the node type coverage here extends only to DML statements
* (SELECT/INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE) and nodes that can appear in them, because
* this is used mainly during analysis of CTEs, and only DML statements can
* appear in CTEs.
* (SELECT/INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE/MERGE) and nodes that can appear in them,
* because this is used mainly during analysis of CTEs, and only DML
* statements can appear in CTEs.
*/
bool
raw_expression_tree_walker(Node *node,
@ -3839,6 +3864,34 @@ raw_expression_tree_walker(Node *node,
return true;
}
break;
case T_MergeStmt:
{
MergeStmt *stmt = (MergeStmt *) node;
if (walker(stmt->relation, context))
return true;
if (walker(stmt->sourceRelation, context))
return true;
if (walker(stmt->joinCondition, context))
return true;
if (walker(stmt->mergeWhenClauses, context))
return true;
if (walker(stmt->withClause, context))
return true;
}
break;
case T_MergeWhenClause:
{
MergeWhenClause *mergeWhenClause = (MergeWhenClause *) node;
if (walker(mergeWhenClause->condition, context))
return true;
if (walker(mergeWhenClause->targetList, context))
return true;
if (walker(mergeWhenClause->values, context))
return true;
}
break;
case T_SelectStmt:
{
SelectStmt *stmt = (SelectStmt *) node;

36
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
Unescape View File

@ -429,6 +429,7 @@ _outModifyTable(StringInfo str, const ModifyTable *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(onConflictWhere);
WRITE_UINT_FIELD(exclRelRTI);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(exclRelTlist);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(mergeActionLists);
}
static void
@ -2250,6 +2251,7 @@ _outModifyTablePath(StringInfo str, const ModifyTablePath *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(rowMarks);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(onconflict);
WRITE_INT_FIELD(epqParam);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(mergeActionLists);
}
static void
@ -3143,6 +3145,8 @@ _outQuery(StringInfo str, const Query *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(setOperations);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(constraintDeps);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(withCheckOptions);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(mergeActionList);
WRITE_BOOL_FIELD(mergeUseOuterJoin);
WRITE_LOCATION_FIELD(stmt_location);
WRITE_INT_FIELD(stmt_len);
}
@ -3271,6 +3275,32 @@ _outCommonTableExpr(StringInfo str, const CommonTableExpr *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(ctecolcollations);
}
static void
_outMergeWhenClause(StringInfo str, const MergeWhenClause *node)
{
WRITE_NODE_TYPE("MERGEWHENCLAUSE");
WRITE_BOOL_FIELD(matched);
WRITE_ENUM_FIELD(commandType, CmdType);
WRITE_ENUM_FIELD(override, OverridingKind);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(condition);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(targetList);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(values);
}
static void
_outMergeAction(StringInfo str, const MergeAction *node)
{
WRITE_NODE_TYPE("MERGEACTION");
WRITE_BOOL_FIELD(matched);
WRITE_ENUM_FIELD(commandType, CmdType);
WRITE_ENUM_FIELD(override, OverridingKind);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(qual);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(targetList);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(updateColnos);
}
static void
_outSetOperationStmt(StringInfo str, const SetOperationStmt *node)
{
@ -4480,6 +4510,12 @@ outNode(StringInfo str, const void *obj)
case T_CommonTableExpr:
_outCommonTableExpr(str, obj);
break;
case T_MergeWhenClause:
_outMergeWhenClause(str, obj);
break;
case T_MergeAction:
_outMergeAction(str, obj);
break;
case T_SetOperationStmt:
_outSetOperationStmt(str, obj);
break;

43
src/backend/nodes/readfuncs.c
Unescape View File

@ -283,6 +283,8 @@ _readQuery(void)
READ_NODE_FIELD(setOperations);
READ_NODE_FIELD(constraintDeps);
READ_NODE_FIELD(withCheckOptions);
READ_NODE_FIELD(mergeActionList);
READ_BOOL_FIELD(mergeUseOuterJoin);
READ_LOCATION_FIELD(stmt_location);
READ_INT_FIELD(stmt_len);
@ -472,6 +474,42 @@ _readCommonTableExpr(void)
READ_DONE();
}
/*
* _readMergeWhenClause
*/
static MergeWhenClause *
_readMergeWhenClause(void)
{
READ_LOCALS(MergeWhenClause);
READ_BOOL_FIELD(matched);
READ_ENUM_FIELD(commandType, CmdType);
READ_NODE_FIELD(condition);
READ_NODE_FIELD(targetList);
READ_NODE_FIELD(values);
READ_ENUM_FIELD(override, OverridingKind);
READ_DONE();
}
/*
* _readMergeAction
*/
static MergeAction *
_readMergeAction(void)
{
READ_LOCALS(MergeAction);
READ_BOOL_FIELD(matched);
READ_ENUM_FIELD(commandType, CmdType);
READ_ENUM_FIELD(override, OverridingKind);
READ_NODE_FIELD(qual);
READ_NODE_FIELD(targetList);
READ_NODE_FIELD(updateColnos);
READ_DONE();
}
/*
* _readSetOperationStmt
*/
@ -1765,6 +1803,7 @@ _readModifyTable(void)
READ_NODE_FIELD(onConflictWhere);
READ_UINT_FIELD(exclRelRTI);
READ_NODE_FIELD(exclRelTlist);
READ_NODE_FIELD(mergeActionLists);
READ_DONE();
}
@ -2809,6 +2848,10 @@ parseNodeString(void)
return_value = _readCTECycleClause();
else if (MATCH("COMMONTABLEEXPR", 15))
return_value = _readCommonTableExpr();
else if (MATCH("MERGEWHENCLAUSE", 15))
return_value = _readMergeWhenClause();
else if (MATCH("MERGEACTION", 11))
return_value = _readMergeAction();
else if (MATCH("SETOPERATIONSTMT", 16))
return_value = _readSetOperationStmt();
else if (MATCH("ALIAS", 5))

15
src/backend/optimizer/plan/createplan.c
Unescape View File

@ -310,7 +310,8 @@ static ModifyTable *make_modifytable(PlannerInfo *root, Plan *subplan,
List *resultRelations,
List *updateColnosLists,
List *withCheckOptionLists, List *returningLists,
List *rowMarks, OnConflictExpr *onconflict, int epqParam);
List *rowMarks, OnConflictExpr *onconflict,
List *mergeActionList, int epqParam);
static GatherMerge *create_gather_merge_plan(PlannerInfo *root,
GatherMergePath *best_path);
@ -2775,6 +2776,7 @@ create_modifytable_plan(PlannerInfo *root, ModifyTablePath *best_path)
best_path->returningLists,
best_path->rowMarks,
best_path->onconflict,
best_path->mergeActionLists,
best_path->epqParam);
copy_generic_path_info(&plan->plan, &best_path->path);
@ -6924,7 +6926,8 @@ make_modifytable(PlannerInfo *root, Plan *subplan,
List *resultRelations,
List *updateColnosLists,
List *withCheckOptionLists, List *returningLists,
List *rowMarks, OnConflictExpr *onconflict, int epqParam)
List *rowMarks, OnConflictExpr *onconflict,
List *mergeActionLists, int epqParam)
{
ModifyTable *node = makeNode(ModifyTable);
List *fdw_private_list;
@ -6932,9 +6935,10 @@ make_modifytable(PlannerInfo *root, Plan *subplan,
ListCell *lc;
int i;
Assert(operation == CMD_UPDATE ?
list_length(resultRelations) == list_length(updateColnosLists) :
updateColnosLists == NIL);
Assert(operation == CMD_MERGE ||
(operation == CMD_UPDATE ?
list_length(resultRelations) == list_length(updateColnosLists) :
updateColnosLists == NIL));
Assert(withCheckOptionLists == NIL ||
list_length(resultRelations) == list_length(withCheckOptionLists));
Assert(returningLists == NIL ||
@ -6992,6 +6996,7 @@ make_modifytable(PlannerInfo *root, Plan *subplan,
node->withCheckOptionLists = withCheckOptionLists;
node->returningLists = returningLists;
node->rowMarks = rowMarks;
node->mergeActionLists = mergeActionLists;
node->epqParam = epqParam;
/*

64
src/backend/optimizer/plan/planner.c
Unescape View File

@ -649,6 +649,11 @@ subquery_planner(PlannerGlobal *glob, Query *parse,
if (parse->cteList)
SS_process_ctes(root);
/*
* If it's a MERGE command, transform the joinlist as appropriate.
*/
transform_MERGE_to_join(parse);
/*
* If the FROM clause is empty, replace it with a dummy RTE_RESULT RTE, so
* that we don't need so many special cases to deal with that situation.
@ -849,6 +854,20 @@ subquery_planner(PlannerGlobal *glob, Query *parse,
/* exclRelTlist contains only Vars, so no preprocessing needed */
}
foreach(l, parse->mergeActionList)
{
MergeAction *action = (MergeAction *) lfirst(l);
action->targetList = (List *)
preprocess_expression(root,
(Node *) action->targetList,
EXPRKIND_TARGET);
action->qual =
preprocess_expression(root,
(Node *) action->qual,
EXPRKIND_QUAL);
}
root->append_rel_list = (List *)
preprocess_expression(root, (Node *) root->append_rel_list,
EXPRKIND_APPINFO);
@ -1714,7 +1733,7 @@ grouping_planner(PlannerInfo *root, double tuple_fraction)
}
/*
* If this is an INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE, add the ModifyTable node.
* If this is an INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE/MERGE, add the ModifyTable node.
*/
if (parse->commandType != CMD_SELECT)
{
@ -1723,6 +1742,7 @@ grouping_planner(PlannerInfo *root, double tuple_fraction)
List *updateColnosLists = NIL;
List *withCheckOptionLists = NIL;
List *returningLists = NIL;
List *mergeActionLists = NIL;
List *rowMarks;
if (bms_membership(root->all_result_relids) == BMS_MULTIPLE)
@ -1789,6 +1809,43 @@ grouping_planner(PlannerInfo *root, double tuple_fraction)
returningLists = lappend(returningLists,
returningList);
}
if (parse->mergeActionList)
{
ListCell *l;
List *mergeActionList = NIL;
/*
* Copy MergeActions and translate stuff that
* references attribute numbers.
*/
foreach(l, parse->mergeActionList)
{
MergeAction *action = lfirst(l),
*leaf_action = copyObject(action);
leaf_action->qual =
adjust_appendrel_attrs_multilevel(root,
(Node *) action->qual,
this_result_rel->relids,
top_result_rel->relids);
leaf_action->targetList = (List *)
adjust_appendrel_attrs_multilevel(root,
(Node *) action->targetList,
this_result_rel->relids,
top_result_rel->relids);
if (leaf_action->commandType == CMD_UPDATE)
leaf_action->updateColnos =
adjust_inherited_attnums_multilevel(root,
action->updateColnos,
this_result_rel->relid,
top_result_rel->relid);
mergeActionList = lappend(mergeActionList,
leaf_action);
}
mergeActionLists = lappend(mergeActionLists,
mergeActionList);
}
}
if (resultRelations == NIL)
@ -1811,6 +1868,8 @@ grouping_planner(PlannerInfo *root, double tuple_fraction)
withCheckOptionLists = list_make1(parse->withCheckOptions);
if (parse->returningList)
returningLists = list_make1(parse->returningList);
if (parse->mergeActionList)
mergeActionLists = list_make1(parse->mergeActionList);
}
}
else
@ -1823,6 +1882,8 @@ grouping_planner(PlannerInfo *root, double tuple_fraction)
withCheckOptionLists = list_make1(parse->withCheckOptions);
if (parse->returningList)
returningLists = list_make1(parse->returningList);
if (parse->mergeActionList)
mergeActionLists = list_make1(parse->mergeActionList);
}
/*
@ -1859,6 +1920,7 @@ grouping_planner(PlannerInfo *root, double tuple_fraction)
returningLists,
rowMarks,
parse->onConflict,
mergeActionLists,
assign_special_exec_param(root));
}

64
src/backend/optimizer/plan/setrefs.c
Unescape View File

@ -952,6 +952,7 @@ set_plan_refs(PlannerInfo *root, Plan *plan, int rtoffset)
case T_ModifyTable:
{
ModifyTable *splan = (ModifyTable *) plan;
Plan *subplan = outerPlan(splan);
Assert(splan->plan.targetlist == NIL);
Assert(splan->plan.qual == NIL);
@ -963,7 +964,6 @@ set_plan_refs(PlannerInfo *root, Plan *plan, int rtoffset)
if (splan->returningLists)
{
List *newRL = NIL;
Plan *subplan = outerPlan(splan);
ListCell *lcrl,
*lcrr;
@ -1030,6 +1030,68 @@ set_plan_refs(PlannerInfo *root, Plan *plan, int rtoffset)
fix_scan_list(root, splan->exclRelTlist, rtoffset, 1);
}
/*
* The MERGE statement produces the target rows by performing
* a right join between the target relation and the source
* relation (which could be a plain relation or a subquery).
* The INSERT and UPDATE actions of the MERGE statement
* require access to the columns from the source relation. We
* arrange things so that the source relation attributes are
* available as INNER_VAR and the target relation attributes
* are available from the scan tuple.
*/
if (splan->mergeActionLists != NIL)
{
ListCell *lca,
*lcr;
/*
* Fix the targetList of individual action nodes so that
* the so-called "source relation" Vars are referenced as
* INNER_VAR. Note that for this to work correctly during
* execution, the ecxt_innertuple must be set to the tuple
* obtained by executing the subplan, which is what
* constitutes the "source relation".
*
* We leave the Vars from the result relation (i.e. the
* target relation) unchanged i.e. those Vars would be
* picked from the scan slot. So during execution, we must
* ensure that ecxt_scantuple is setup correctly to refer
* to the tuple from the target relation.
*/
indexed_tlist *itlist;
itlist = build_tlist_index(subplan->targetlist);
forboth(lca, splan->mergeActionLists,
lcr, splan->resultRelations)
{
List *mergeActionList = lfirst(lca);
Index resultrel = lfirst_int(lcr);
foreach(l, mergeActionList)
{
MergeAction *action = (MergeAction *) lfirst(l);
/* Fix targetList of each action. */
action->targetList = fix_join_expr(root,
action->targetList,
NULL, itlist,
resultrel,
rtoffset,
NUM_EXEC_TLIST(plan));
/* Fix quals too. */
action->qual = (Node *) fix_join_expr(root,
(List *) action->qual,
NULL, itlist,
resultrel,
rtoffset,
NUM_EXEC_QUAL(plan));
}
}
}
splan->nominalRelation += rtoffset;
if (splan->rootRelation)
splan->rootRelation += rtoffset;

91
src/backend/optimizer/prep/prepjointree.c
Unescape View File

@ -132,6 +132,86 @@ static void fix_append_rel_relids(List *append_rel_list, int varno,
static Node *find_jointree_node_for_rel(Node *jtnode, int relid);
/*
* transform_MERGE_to_join
* Replace a MERGE's jointree to also include the target relation.
*/
void
transform_MERGE_to_join(Query *parse)
{
RangeTblEntry *joinrte;
JoinExpr *joinexpr;
JoinType jointype;
int joinrti;
List *vars;
if (parse->commandType != CMD_MERGE)
return;
/* XXX probably bogus */
vars = NIL;
/*
* When any WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT clauses exist, we need to use an
* outer join so that we process all unmatched tuples from the source
* relation. If none exist, we can use an inner join.
*/
if (parse->mergeUseOuterJoin)
jointype = JOIN_RIGHT;
else
jointype = JOIN_INNER;
/* Manufacture a join RTE to use. */
joinrte = makeNode(RangeTblEntry);
joinrte->rtekind = RTE_JOIN;
joinrte->jointype = jointype;
joinrte->joinmergedcols = 0;
joinrte->joinaliasvars = vars;
joinrte->joinleftcols = NIL; /* MERGE does not allow JOIN USING */
joinrte->joinrightcols = NIL; /* ditto */
joinrte->join_using_alias = NULL;
joinrte->alias = NULL;
joinrte->eref = makeAlias("*MERGE*", NIL);
joinrte->lateral = false;
joinrte->inh = false;
joinrte->inFromCl = true;
joinrte->requiredPerms = 0;
joinrte->checkAsUser = InvalidOid;
joinrte->selectedCols = NULL;
joinrte->insertedCols = NULL;
joinrte->updatedCols = NULL;
joinrte->extraUpdatedCols = NULL;
joinrte->securityQuals = NIL;
/*
* Add completed RTE to pstate's range table list, so that we know its
* index.
*/
parse->rtable = lappend(parse->rtable, joinrte);
joinrti = list_length(parse->rtable);
/*
* Create a JOIN between the target and the source relation.
*/
joinexpr = makeNode(JoinExpr);
joinexpr->jointype = jointype;
joinexpr->isNatural = false;
joinexpr->larg = (Node *) makeNode(RangeTblRef);
((RangeTblRef *) joinexpr->larg)->rtindex = parse->resultRelation;
joinexpr->rarg = linitial(parse->jointree->fromlist); /* original join */
joinexpr->usingClause = NIL;
joinexpr->join_using_alias = NULL;
/* The quals are removed from the jointree and into this specific join */
joinexpr->quals = parse->jointree->quals;
joinexpr->alias = NULL;
joinexpr->rtindex = joinrti;
/* Make the new join be the sole entry in the query's jointree */
parse->jointree->fromlist = list_make1(joinexpr);
parse->jointree->quals = NULL;
}
/*
* replace_empty_jointree
* If the Query's jointree is empty, replace it with a dummy RTE_RESULT
@ -2058,6 +2138,17 @@ perform_pullup_replace_vars(PlannerInfo *root,
* can't contain any references to a subquery.
*/
}
if (parse->mergeActionList)
{
foreach(lc, parse->mergeActionList)
{
MergeAction *action = lfirst(lc);
action->qual = pullup_replace_vars(action->qual, rvcontext);
action->targetList = (List *)
pullup_replace_vars((Node *) action->targetList, rvcontext);
}
}
replace_vars_in_jointree((Node *) parse->jointree, rvcontext,
lowest_nulling_outer_join);
Assert(parse->setOperations == NULL);

37
src/backend/optimizer/prep/preptlist.c
Unescape View File

@ -124,6 +124,43 @@ preprocess_targetlist(PlannerInfo *root)
tlist = root->processed_tlist;
}
/*
* For MERGE we need to handle the target list for the target relation,
* and also target list for each action (only INSERT/UPDATE matter).
*/
if (command_type == CMD_MERGE)
{
ListCell *l;
/*
* For MERGE, add any junk column(s) needed to allow the executor to
* identify the rows to be inserted or updated.
*/
root->processed_tlist = tlist;
add_row_identity_columns(root, result_relation,
target_rte, target_relation);
tlist = root->processed_tlist;
/*
* For MERGE, handle targetlist of each MergeAction separately. Give
* the same treatment to MergeAction->targetList as we would have
* given to a regular INSERT. For UPDATE, collect the column numbers
* being modified.
*/
foreach(l, parse->mergeActionList)
{
MergeAction *action = (MergeAction *) lfirst(l);
if (action->commandType == CMD_INSERT)
action->targetList = expand_insert_targetlist(action->targetList,
target_relation);
else if (action->commandType == CMD_UPDATE)
action->updateColnos =
extract_update_targetlist_colnos(action->targetList);
}
}
/*
* Add necessary junk columns for rowmarked rels. These values are needed
* for locking of rels selected FOR UPDATE/SHARE, and to do EvalPlanQual

19
src/backend/optimizer/util/appendinfo.c
Unescape View File

@ -774,8 +774,8 @@ add_row_identity_var(PlannerInfo *root, Var *orig_var,
Assert(orig_var->varlevelsup == 0);
/*
* If we're doing non-inherited UPDATE/DELETE, there's little need for
* ROWID_VAR shenanigans. Just shove the presented Var into the
* If we're doing non-inherited UPDATE/DELETE/MERGE, there's little need
* for ROWID_VAR shenanigans. Just shove the presented Var into the
* processed_tlist, and we're done.
*/
if (rtindex == root->parse->resultRelation)
@ -862,14 +862,16 @@ add_row_identity_columns(PlannerInfo *root, Index rtindex,
char relkind = target_relation->rd_rel->relkind;
Var *var;
Assert(commandType == CMD_UPDATE || commandType == CMD_DELETE);
Assert(commandType == CMD_UPDATE || commandType == CMD_DELETE || commandType == CMD_MERGE);
if (relkind == RELKIND_RELATION ||
if (commandType == CMD_MERGE ||
relkind == RELKIND_RELATION ||
relkind == RELKIND_MATVIEW ||
relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE)
{
/*
* Emit CTID so that executor can find the row to update or delete.
* Emit CTID so that executor can find the row to merge, update or
* delete.
*/
var = makeVar(rtindex,
SelfItemPointerAttributeNumber,
@ -942,8 +944,11 @@ distribute_row_identity_vars(PlannerInfo *root)
RelOptInfo *target_rel;
ListCell *lc;
/* There's nothing to do if this isn't an inherited UPDATE/DELETE. */
if (parse->commandType != CMD_UPDATE && parse->commandType != CMD_DELETE)
/*
* There's nothing to do if this isn't an inherited UPDATE/DELETE/MERGE.
*/
if (parse->commandType != CMD_UPDATE && parse->commandType != CMD_DELETE &&
parse->commandType != CMD_MERGE)
{
Assert(root->row_identity_vars == NIL);
return;

11
src/backend/optimizer/util/pathnode.c
Unescape View File

@ -3620,6 +3620,7 @@ create_lockrows_path(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
* 'rowMarks' is a list of PlanRowMarks (non-locking only)
* 'onconflict' is the ON CONFLICT clause, or NULL
* 'epqParam' is the ID of Param for EvalPlanQual re-eval
* 'mergeActionLists' is a list of lists of MERGE actions (one per rel)
*/
ModifyTablePath *
create_modifytable_path(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
@ -3631,13 +3632,14 @@ create_modifytable_path(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
List *updateColnosLists,
List *withCheckOptionLists, List *returningLists,
List *rowMarks, OnConflictExpr *onconflict,
int epqParam)
List *mergeActionLists, int epqParam)
{
ModifyTablePath *pathnode = makeNode(ModifyTablePath);
Assert(operation == CMD_UPDATE ?
list_length(resultRelations) == list_length(updateColnosLists) :
updateColnosLists == NIL);
Assert(operation == CMD_MERGE ||
(operation == CMD_UPDATE ?
list_length(resultRelations) == list_length(updateColnosLists) :
updateColnosLists == NIL));
Assert(withCheckOptionLists == NIL ||
list_length(resultRelations) == list_length(withCheckOptionLists));
Assert(returningLists == NIL ||
@ -3697,6 +3699,7 @@ create_modifytable_path(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
pathnode->rowMarks = rowMarks;
pathnode->onconflict = onconflict;
pathnode->epqParam = epqParam;
pathnode->mergeActionLists = mergeActionLists;
return pathnode;
}

4
src/backend/optimizer/util/plancat.c
Unescape View File

@ -2167,6 +2167,10 @@ has_row_triggers(PlannerInfo *root, Index rti, CmdType event)
trigDesc->trig_delete_before_row))
result = true;
break;
/* There is no separate event for MERGE, only INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE */
case CMD_MERGE:
result = false;
break;
default:
elog(ERROR, "unrecognized CmdType: %d", (int) event);
break;

1
src/backend/parser/Makefile
Unescape View File

@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ OBJS = \
parse_enr.o \
parse_expr.o \
parse_func.o \
parse_merge.o \
parse_node.o \
parse_oper.o \
parse_param.o \

20
src/backend/parser/analyze.c
Unescape View File

@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "parser/parse_cte.h"
#include "parser/parse_expr.h"
#include "parser/parse_func.h"
#include "parser/parse_merge.h"
#include "parser/parse_oper.h"
#include "parser/parse_param.h"
#include "parser/parse_relation.h"
@ -60,9 +61,6 @@ post_parse_analyze_hook_type post_parse_analyze_hook = NULL;
static Query *transformOptionalSelectInto(ParseState *pstate, Node *parseTree);
static Query *transformDeleteStmt(ParseState *pstate, DeleteStmt *stmt);
static Query *transformInsertStmt(ParseState *pstate, InsertStmt *stmt);
static List *transformInsertRow(ParseState *pstate, List *exprlist,
List *stmtcols, List *icolumns, List *attrnos,
bool strip_indirection);
static OnConflictExpr *transformOnConflictClause(ParseState *pstate,
OnConflictClause *onConflictClause);
static int count_rowexpr_columns(ParseState *pstate, Node *expr);
@ -76,8 +74,6 @@ static void determineRecursiveColTypes(ParseState *pstate,
static Query *transformReturnStmt(ParseState *pstate, ReturnStmt *stmt);
static Query *transformUpdateStmt(ParseState *pstate, UpdateStmt *stmt);
static List *transformReturningList(ParseState *pstate, List *returningList);
static List *transformUpdateTargetList(ParseState *pstate,
List *targetList);
static Query *transformPLAssignStmt(ParseState *pstate,
PLAssignStmt *stmt);
static Query *transformDeclareCursorStmt(ParseState *pstate,
@ -330,6 +326,7 @@ transformStmt(ParseState *pstate, Node *parseTree)
case T_InsertStmt:
case T_UpdateStmt:
case T_DeleteStmt:
case T_MergeStmt:
(void) test_raw_expression_coverage(parseTree, NULL);
break;
default:
@ -354,6 +351,10 @@ transformStmt(ParseState *pstate, Node *parseTree)
result = transformUpdateStmt(pstate, (UpdateStmt *) parseTree);
break;
case T_MergeStmt:
result = transformMergeStmt(pstate, (MergeStmt *) parseTree);
break;
case T_SelectStmt:
{
SelectStmt *n = (SelectStmt *) parseTree;
@ -438,6 +439,7 @@ analyze_requires_snapshot(RawStmt *parseTree)
case T_InsertStmt:
case T_DeleteStmt:
case T_UpdateStmt:
case T_MergeStmt:
case T_SelectStmt:
case T_PLAssignStmt:
result = true;
@ -956,7 +958,7 @@ transformInsertStmt(ParseState *pstate, InsertStmt *stmt)
* attrnos: integer column numbers (must be same length as icolumns)
* strip_indirection: if true, remove any field/array assignment nodes
*/
static List *
List *
transformInsertRow(ParseState *pstate, List *exprlist,
List *stmtcols, List *icolumns, List *attrnos,
bool strip_indirection)
@ -1593,7 +1595,7 @@ transformValuesClause(ParseState *pstate, SelectStmt *stmt)
* Generate a targetlist as though expanding "*"
*/
Assert(pstate->p_next_resno == 1);
qry->targetList = expandNSItemAttrs(pstate, nsitem, 0, -1);
qry->targetList = expandNSItemAttrs(pstate, nsitem, 0, true, -1);
/*
* The grammar allows attaching ORDER BY, LIMIT, and FOR UPDATE to a
@ -2418,9 +2420,9 @@ transformUpdateStmt(ParseState *pstate, UpdateStmt *stmt)
/*
* transformUpdateTargetList -
* handle SET clause in UPDATE/INSERT ... ON CONFLICT UPDATE
* handle SET clause in UPDATE/MERGE/INSERT ... ON CONFLICT UPDATE
*/
static List *
List *
transformUpdateTargetList(ParseState *pstate, List *origTlist)
{
List *tlist = NIL;

180
src/backend/parser/gram.y
Unescape View File

@ -278,6 +278,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
struct SelectLimit *selectlimit;
SetQuantifier setquantifier;
struct GroupClause *groupclause;
MergeWhenClause *mergewhen;
struct KeyActions *keyactions;
struct KeyAction *keyaction;
}
@ -307,7 +308,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DropTransformStmt
DropUserMappingStmt ExplainStmt FetchStmt
GrantStmt GrantRoleStmt ImportForeignSchemaStmt IndexStmt InsertStmt
ListenStmt LoadStmt LockStmt NotifyStmt ExplainableStmt PreparableStmt
ListenStmt LoadStmt LockStmt MergeStmt NotifyStmt ExplainableStmt PreparableStmt
CreateFunctionStmt AlterFunctionStmt ReindexStmt RemoveAggrStmt
RemoveFuncStmt RemoveOperStmt RenameStmt ReturnStmt RevokeStmt RevokeRoleStmt
RuleActionStmt RuleActionStmtOrEmpty RuleStmt
@ -433,6 +434,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
any_operator expr_list attrs
distinct_clause opt_distinct_clause
target_list opt_target_list insert_column_list set_target_list
merge_values_clause
set_clause_list set_clause
def_list operator_def_list indirection opt_indirection
reloption_list TriggerFuncArgs opclass_item_list opclass_drop_list
@ -506,6 +508,10 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <istmt> insert_rest
%type <infer> opt_conf_expr
%type <onconflict> opt_on_conflict
%type <mergewhen> merge_insert merge_update merge_delete
%type <node> merge_when_clause opt_merge_when_condition
%type <list> merge_when_list
%type <vsetstmt> generic_set set_rest set_rest_more generic_reset reset_rest
SetResetClause FunctionSetResetClause
@ -734,7 +740,8 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
LEADING LEAKPROOF LEAST LEFT LEVEL LIKE LIMIT LISTEN LOAD LOCAL
LOCALTIME LOCALTIMESTAMP LOCATION LOCK_P LOCKED LOGGED
MAPPING MATCH MATERIALIZED MAXVALUE METHOD MINUTE_P MINVALUE MODE MONTH_P MOVE
MAPPING MATCH MATCHED MATERIALIZED MAXVALUE MERGE METHOD
MINUTE_P MINVALUE MODE MONTH_P MOVE
NAME_P NAMES NATIONAL NATURAL NCHAR NEW NEXT NFC NFD NFKC NFKD NO NONE
NORMALIZE NORMALIZED
@ -1061,6 +1068,7 @@ stmt:
| RefreshMatViewStmt
| LoadStmt
| LockStmt
| MergeStmt
| NotifyStmt
| PrepareStmt
| ReassignOwnedStmt
@ -11123,6 +11131,7 @@ ExplainableStmt:
| InsertStmt
| UpdateStmt
| DeleteStmt
| MergeStmt
| DeclareCursorStmt
| CreateAsStmt
| CreateMatViewStmt
@ -11155,7 +11164,8 @@ PreparableStmt:
SelectStmt
| InsertStmt
| UpdateStmt
| DeleteStmt /* by default all are $$=$1 */
| DeleteStmt
| MergeStmt /* by default all are $$=$1 */
;
/*****************************************************************************
@ -11540,6 +11550,166 @@ set_target_list:
;
/*****************************************************************************
*
* QUERY:
* MERGE
*
*****************************************************************************/
MergeStmt:
opt_with_clause MERGE INTO relation_expr_opt_alias
USING table_ref
ON a_expr
merge_when_list
{
MergeStmt *m = makeNode(MergeStmt);
m->withClause = $1;
m->relation = $4;
m->sourceRelation = $6;
m->joinCondition = $8;
m->mergeWhenClauses = $9;
$$ = (Node *)m;
}
;
merge_when_list:
merge_when_clause { $$ = list_make1($1); }
| merge_when_list merge_when_clause { $$ = lappend($1,$2); }
;
merge_when_clause:
WHEN MATCHED opt_merge_when_condition THEN merge_update
{
$5->matched = true;
$5->condition = $3;
$$ = (Node *) $5;
}
| WHEN MATCHED opt_merge_when_condition THEN merge_delete
{
$5->matched = true;
$5->condition = $3;
$$ = (Node *) $5;
}
| WHEN NOT MATCHED opt_merge_when_condition THEN merge_insert
{
$6->matched = false;
$6->condition = $4;
$$ = (Node *) $6;
}
| WHEN MATCHED opt_merge_when_condition THEN DO NOTHING
{
MergeWhenClause *m = makeNode(MergeWhenClause);
m->matched = true;
m->commandType = CMD_NOTHING;
m->condition = $3;
$$ = (Node *)m;
}
| WHEN NOT MATCHED opt_merge_when_condition THEN DO NOTHING
{
MergeWhenClause *m = makeNode(MergeWhenClause);
m->matched = false;
m->commandType = CMD_NOTHING;
m->condition = $4;
$$ = (Node *)m;
}
;
opt_merge_when_condition:
AND a_expr { $$ = $2; }
| { $$ = NULL; }
;
merge_update:
UPDATE SET set_clause_list
{
MergeWhenClause *n = makeNode(MergeWhenClause);
n->commandType = CMD_UPDATE;
n->override = OVERRIDING_NOT_SET;
n->targetList = $3;
n->values = NIL;
$$ = n;
}
;
merge_delete:
DELETE_P
{
MergeWhenClause *n = makeNode(MergeWhenClause);
n->commandType = CMD_DELETE;
n->override = OVERRIDING_NOT_SET;
n->targetList = NIL;
n->values = NIL;
$$ = n;
}
;
merge_insert:
INSERT merge_values_clause
{
MergeWhenClause *n = makeNode(MergeWhenClause);
n->commandType = CMD_INSERT;
n->override = OVERRIDING_NOT_SET;
n->targetList = NIL;
n->values = $2;
$$ = n;
}
| INSERT OVERRIDING override_kind VALUE_P merge_values_clause
{
MergeWhenClause *n = makeNode(MergeWhenClause);
n->commandType = CMD_INSERT;
n->override = $3;
n->targetList = NIL;
n->values = $5;
$$ = n;
}
| INSERT '(' insert_column_list ')' merge_values_clause
{
MergeWhenClause *n = makeNode(MergeWhenClause);
n->commandType = CMD_INSERT;
n->override = OVERRIDING_NOT_SET;
n->targetList = $3;
n->values = $5;
$$ = n;
}
| INSERT '(' insert_column_list ')' OVERRIDING override_kind VALUE_P merge_values_clause
{
MergeWhenClause *n = makeNode(MergeWhenClause);
n->commandType = CMD_INSERT;
n->override = $6;
n->targetList = $3;
n->values = $8;
$$ = n;
}
| INSERT DEFAULT VALUES
{
MergeWhenClause *n = makeNode(MergeWhenClause);
n->commandType = CMD_INSERT;
n->override = OVERRIDING_NOT_SET;
n->targetList = NIL;
n->values = NIL;
$$ = n;
}
;
merge_values_clause:
VALUES '(' expr_list ')'
{
$$ = $3;
}
;
/*****************************************************************************
*
* QUERY:
@ -16155,8 +16325,10 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| LOGGED
| MAPPING
| MATCH
| MATCHED
| MATERIALIZED
| MAXVALUE
| MERGE
| METHOD
| MINUTE_P
| MINVALUE
@ -16734,8 +16906,10 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| LOGGED
| MAPPING
| MATCH
| MATCHED
| MATERIALIZED
| MAXVALUE
| MERGE
| METHOD
| MINVALUE
| MODE

10
src/backend/parser/parse_agg.c
Unescape View File

@ -433,6 +433,13 @@ check_agglevels_and_constraints(ParseState *pstate, Node *expr)
case EXPR_KIND_UPDATE_SOURCE:
case EXPR_KIND_UPDATE_TARGET:
errkind = true;
break;
case EXPR_KIND_MERGE_WHEN:
if (isAgg)
err = _("aggregate functions are not allowed in MERGE WHEN conditions");
else
err = _("grouping operations are not allowed in MERGE WHEN conditions");
break;
case EXPR_KIND_GROUP_BY:
errkind = true;
@ -879,6 +886,9 @@ transformWindowFuncCall(ParseState *pstate, WindowFunc *wfunc,
case EXPR_KIND_UPDATE_TARGET:
errkind = true;
break;
case EXPR_KIND_MERGE_WHEN:
err = _("window functions are not allowed in MERGE WHEN conditions");
break;
case EXPR_KIND_GROUP_BY:
errkind = true;
break;

1
src/backend/parser/parse_collate.c
Unescape View File

@ -485,6 +485,7 @@ assign_collations_walker(Node *node, assign_collations_context *context)
case T_FromExpr:
case T_OnConflictExpr:
case T_SortGroupClause:
case T_MergeAction:
(void) expression_tree_walker(node,
assign_collations_walker,
(void *) &loccontext);

4
src/backend/parser/parse_expr.c
Unescape View File

@ -513,6 +513,7 @@ transformColumnRef(ParseState *pstate, ColumnRef *cref)
case EXPR_KIND_INSERT_TARGET:
case EXPR_KIND_UPDATE_SOURCE:
case EXPR_KIND_UPDATE_TARGET:
case EXPR_KIND_MERGE_WHEN:
case EXPR_KIND_GROUP_BY:
case EXPR_KIND_ORDER_BY:
case EXPR_KIND_DISTINCT_ON:
@ -1748,6 +1749,7 @@ transformSubLink(ParseState *pstate, SubLink *sublink)
case EXPR_KIND_INSERT_TARGET:
case EXPR_KIND_UPDATE_SOURCE:
case EXPR_KIND_UPDATE_TARGET:
case EXPR_KIND_MERGE_WHEN:
case EXPR_KIND_GROUP_BY:
case EXPR_KIND_ORDER_BY:
case EXPR_KIND_DISTINCT_ON:
@ -3075,6 +3077,8 @@ ParseExprKindName(ParseExprKind exprKind)
case EXPR_KIND_UPDATE_SOURCE:
case EXPR_KIND_UPDATE_TARGET:
return "UPDATE";
case EXPR_KIND_MERGE_WHEN:
return "MERGE WHEN";
case EXPR_KIND_GROUP_BY:
return "GROUP BY";
case EXPR_KIND_ORDER_BY:

3
src/backend/parser/parse_func.c
Unescape View File

@ -2611,6 +2611,9 @@ check_srf_call_placement(ParseState *pstate, Node *last_srf, int location)
/* okay, since we process this like a SELECT tlist */
pstate->p_hasTargetSRFs = true;
break;
case EXPR_KIND_MERGE_WHEN:
err = _("set-returning functions are not allowed in MERGE WHEN conditions");
break;
case EXPR_KIND_CHECK_CONSTRAINT:
case EXPR_KIND_DOMAIN_CHECK:
err = _("set-returning functions are not allowed in check constraints");

415
src/backend/parser/parse_merge.c
Unescape View File

@ -0,0 +1,415 @@
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* parse_merge.c
* handle merge-statement in parser
*
* Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2022, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
* Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
*
*
* IDENTIFICATION
* src/backend/parser/parse_merge.c
*
*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
#include "postgres.h"
#include "access/sysattr.h"
#include "miscadmin.h"
#include "nodes/makefuncs.h"
#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
#include "parser/analyze.h"
#include "parser/parse_collate.h"
#include "parser/parsetree.h"
#include "parser/parser.h"
#include "parser/parse_clause.h"
#include "parser/parse_cte.h"
#include "parser/parse_expr.h"
#include "parser/parse_merge.h"
#include "parser/parse_relation.h"
#include "parser/parse_target.h"
#include "utils/rel.h"
#include "utils/relcache.h"
static void setNamespaceForMergeWhen(ParseState *pstate,
MergeWhenClause *mergeWhenClause,
Index targetRTI,
Index sourceRTI);
static void setNamespaceVisibilityForRTE(List *namespace, RangeTblEntry *rte,
bool rel_visible,
bool cols_visible);
/*
* Make appropriate changes to the namespace visibility while transforming
* individual action's quals and targetlist expressions. In particular, for
* INSERT actions we must only see the source relation (since INSERT action is
* invoked for NOT MATCHED tuples and hence there is no target tuple to deal
* with). On the other hand, UPDATE and DELETE actions can see both source and
* target relations.
*
* Also, since the internal join node can hide the source and target
* relations, we must explicitly make the respective relation as visible so
* that columns can be referenced unqualified from these relations.
*/
static void
setNamespaceForMergeWhen(ParseState *pstate, MergeWhenClause *mergeWhenClause,
Index targetRTI, Index sourceRTI)
{
RangeTblEntry *targetRelRTE,
*sourceRelRTE;
targetRelRTE = rt_fetch(targetRTI, pstate->p_rtable);
sourceRelRTE = rt_fetch(sourceRTI, pstate->p_rtable);
if (mergeWhenClause->matched)
{
Assert(mergeWhenClause->commandType == CMD_UPDATE ||
mergeWhenClause->commandType == CMD_DELETE ||
mergeWhenClause->commandType == CMD_NOTHING);
/* MATCHED actions can see both target and source relations. */
setNamespaceVisibilityForRTE(pstate->p_namespace,
targetRelRTE, true, true);
setNamespaceVisibilityForRTE(pstate->p_namespace,
sourceRelRTE, true, true);
}
else
{
/*
* NOT MATCHED actions can't see target relation, but they can see
* source relation.
*/
Assert(mergeWhenClause->commandType == CMD_INSERT ||
mergeWhenClause->commandType == CMD_NOTHING);
setNamespaceVisibilityForRTE(pstate->p_namespace,
targetRelRTE, false, false);
setNamespaceVisibilityForRTE(pstate->p_namespace,
sourceRelRTE, true, true);
}
}
/*
* transformMergeStmt -
* transforms a MERGE statement
*/
Query *
transformMergeStmt(ParseState *pstate, MergeStmt *stmt)
{
Query *qry = makeNode(Query);
ListCell *l;
AclMode targetPerms = ACL_NO_RIGHTS;
bool is_terminal[2];
Index sourceRTI;
List *mergeActionList;
Node *joinExpr;
ParseNamespaceItem *nsitem;
/* There can't be any outer WITH to worry about */
Assert(pstate->p_ctenamespace == NIL);
qry->commandType = CMD_MERGE;
qry->hasRecursive = false;
/* process the WITH clause independently of all else */
if (stmt->withClause)
{
if (stmt->withClause->recursive)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
errmsg("WITH RECURSIVE is not supported for MERGE statement")));
qry->cteList = transformWithClause(pstate, stmt->withClause);
qry->hasModifyingCTE = pstate->p_hasModifyingCTE;
}
/*
* Check WHEN clauses for permissions and sanity
*/
is_terminal[0] = false;
is_terminal[1] = false;
foreach(l, stmt->mergeWhenClauses)
{
MergeWhenClause *mergeWhenClause = (MergeWhenClause *) lfirst(l);
int when_type = (mergeWhenClause->matched ? 0 : 1);
/*
* Collect action types so we can check target permissions
*/
switch (mergeWhenClause->commandType)
{
case CMD_INSERT:
targetPerms |= ACL_INSERT;
break;
case CMD_UPDATE:
targetPerms |= ACL_UPDATE;
break;
case CMD_DELETE:
targetPerms |= ACL_DELETE;
break;
case CMD_NOTHING:
break;
default:
elog(ERROR, "unknown action in MERGE WHEN clause");
}
/*
* Check for unreachable WHEN clauses
*/
if (mergeWhenClause->condition == NULL)
is_terminal[when_type] = true;
else if (is_terminal[when_type])
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
errmsg("unreachable WHEN clause specified after unconditional WHEN clause")));
}
/* Set up the MERGE target table. */
qry->resultRelation = setTargetTable(pstate, stmt->relation,
stmt->relation->inh,
false, targetPerms);
/*
* MERGE is unsupported in various cases
*/
if (pstate->p_target_relation->rd_rel->relkind != RELKIND_RELATION &&
pstate->p_target_relation->rd_rel->relkind != RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
errmsg("cannot execute MERGE on relation \"%s\"",
RelationGetRelationName(pstate->p_target_relation)),
errdetail_relkind_not_supported(pstate->p_target_relation->rd_rel->relkind)));
if (pstate->p_target_relation->rd_rel->relhasrules)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
errmsg("cannot execute MERGE on relation \"%s\"",
RelationGetRelationName(pstate->p_target_relation)),
errdetail("MERGE is not supported for relations with rules.")));
/* Now transform the source relation to produce the source RTE. */
transformFromClause(pstate,
list_make1(stmt->sourceRelation));
sourceRTI = list_length(pstate->p_rtable);
nsitem = GetNSItemByRangeTablePosn(pstate, sourceRTI, 0);
/*
* Check that the target table doesn't conflict with the source table.
* This would typically be a checkNameSpaceConflicts call, but we want a
* more specific error message.
*/
if (strcmp(pstate->p_target_nsitem->p_names->aliasname,
nsitem->p_names->aliasname) == 0)
ereport(ERROR,
errcode(ERRCODE_DUPLICATE_ALIAS),
errmsg("name \"%s\" specified more than once",
pstate->p_target_nsitem->p_names->aliasname),
errdetail("The name is used both as MERGE target table and data source."));
qry->targetList = expandNSItemAttrs(pstate, nsitem, 0, false,
exprLocation(stmt->sourceRelation));
qry->rtable = pstate->p_rtable;
/*
* Transform the join condition. This includes references to the target
* side, so add that to the namespace.
*/
addNSItemToQuery(pstate, pstate->p_target_nsitem, false, true, true);
joinExpr = transformExpr(pstate, stmt->joinCondition,
EXPR_KIND_JOIN_ON);
/*
* Create the temporary query's jointree using the joinlist we built using
* just the source relation; the target relation is not included. The
* quals we use are the join conditions to the merge target. The join
* will be constructed fully by transform_MERGE_to_join.
*/
qry->jointree = makeFromExpr(pstate->p_joinlist, joinExpr);
/*
* We now have a good query shape, so now look at the WHEN conditions and
* action targetlists.
*
* Overall, the MERGE Query's targetlist is NIL.
*
* Each individual action has its own targetlist that needs separate
* transformation. These transforms don't do anything to the overall
* targetlist, since that is only used for resjunk columns.
*
* We can reference any column in Target or Source, which is OK because
* both of those already have RTEs. There is nothing like the EXCLUDED
* pseudo-relation for INSERT ON CONFLICT.
*/
mergeActionList = NIL;
foreach(l, stmt->mergeWhenClauses)
{
MergeWhenClause *mergeWhenClause = lfirst_node(MergeWhenClause, l);
MergeAction *action;
action = makeNode(MergeAction);
action->commandType = mergeWhenClause->commandType;
action->matched = mergeWhenClause->matched;
/* Use an outer join if any INSERT actions exist in the command. */
if (action->commandType == CMD_INSERT)
qry->mergeUseOuterJoin = true;
/*
* Set namespace for the specific action. This must be done before
* analyzing the WHEN quals and the action targetlist.
*/
setNamespaceForMergeWhen(pstate, mergeWhenClause,
qry->resultRelation,
sourceRTI);
/*
* Transform the WHEN condition.
*
* Note that these quals are NOT added to the join quals; instead they
* are evaluated separately during execution to decide which of the
* WHEN MATCHED or WHEN NOT MATCHED actions to execute.
*/
action->qual = transformWhereClause(pstate, mergeWhenClause->condition,
EXPR_KIND_MERGE_WHEN, "WHEN");
/*
* Transform target lists for each INSERT and UPDATE action stmt
*/
switch (action->commandType)
{
case CMD_INSERT:
{
List *exprList = NIL;
ListCell *lc;
RangeTblEntry *rte;
ListCell *icols;
ListCell *attnos;
List *icolumns;
List *attrnos;
pstate->p_is_insert = true;
icolumns = checkInsertTargets(pstate,
mergeWhenClause->targetList,
&attrnos);
Assert(list_length(icolumns) == list_length(attrnos));
action->override = mergeWhenClause->override;
/*
* Handle INSERT much like in transformInsertStmt
*/
if (mergeWhenClause->values == NIL)
{
/*
* We have INSERT ... DEFAULT VALUES. We can handle
* this case by emitting an empty targetlist --- all
* columns will be defaulted when the planner expands
* the targetlist.
*/
exprList = NIL;
}
else
{
/*
* Process INSERT ... VALUES with a single VALUES
* sublist. We treat this case separately for
* efficiency. The sublist is just computed directly
* as the Query's targetlist, with no VALUES RTE. So
* it works just like a SELECT without any FROM.
*/
/*
* Do basic expression transformation (same as a ROW()
* expr, but allow SetToDefault at top level)
*/
exprList = transformExpressionList(pstate,
mergeWhenClause->values,
EXPR_KIND_VALUES_SINGLE,
true);
/* Prepare row for assignment to target table */
exprList = transformInsertRow(pstate, exprList,
mergeWhenClause->targetList,
icolumns, attrnos,
false);
}
/*
* Generate action's target list using the computed list
* of expressions. Also, mark all the target columns as
* needing insert permissions.
*/
rte = pstate->p_target_nsitem->p_rte;
forthree(lc, exprList, icols, icolumns, attnos, attrnos)
{
Expr *expr = (Expr *) lfirst(lc);
ResTarget *col = lfirst_node(ResTarget, icols);
AttrNumber attr_num = (AttrNumber) lfirst_int(attnos);
TargetEntry *tle;
tle = makeTargetEntry(expr,
attr_num,
col->name,
false);
action->targetList = lappend(action->targetList, tle);
rte->insertedCols =
bms_add_member(rte->insertedCols,
attr_num - FirstLowInvalidHeapAttributeNumber);
}
}
break;
case CMD_UPDATE:
{
pstate->p_is_insert = false;
action->targetList =
transformUpdateTargetList(pstate,
mergeWhenClause->targetList);
}
break;
case CMD_DELETE:
break;
case CMD_NOTHING:
action->targetList = NIL;
break;
default:
elog(ERROR, "unknown action in MERGE WHEN clause");
}
mergeActionList = lappend(mergeActionList, action);
}
qry->mergeActionList = mergeActionList;
/* RETURNING could potentially be added in the future, but not in SQL std */
qry->returningList = NULL;
qry->hasTargetSRFs = false;
qry->hasSubLinks = pstate->p_hasSubLinks;
assign_query_collations(pstate, qry);
return qry;
}
static void
setNamespaceVisibilityForRTE(List *namespace, RangeTblEntry *rte,
bool rel_visible,
bool cols_visible)
{
ListCell *lc;
foreach(lc, namespace)
{
ParseNamespaceItem *nsitem = (ParseNamespaceItem *) lfirst(lc);
if (nsitem->p_rte == rte)
{
nsitem->p_rel_visible = rel_visible;
nsitem->p_cols_visible = cols_visible;
break;
}
}
}

23
src/backend/parser/parse_relation.c
Unescape View File

@ -701,6 +701,17 @@ scanNSItemForColumn(ParseState *pstate, ParseNamespaceItem *nsitem,
colname),
parser_errposition(pstate, location)));
/*
* In a MERGE WHEN condition, no system column is allowed except tableOid
*/
if (pstate->p_expr_kind == EXPR_KIND_MERGE_WHEN &&
attnum < InvalidAttrNumber && attnum != TableOidAttributeNumber)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_COLUMN_REFERENCE),
errmsg("cannot use system column \"%s\" in MERGE WHEN condition",
colname),
parser_errposition(pstate, location)));
/* Found a valid match, so build a Var */
if (attnum > InvalidAttrNumber)
{
@ -3095,11 +3106,12 @@ expandNSItemVars(ParseNamespaceItem *nsitem,
* for the attributes of the nsitem
*
* pstate->p_next_resno determines the resnos assigned to the TLEs.
* The referenced columns are marked as requiring SELECT access.
* The referenced columns are marked as requiring SELECT access, if
* caller requests that.
*/
List *
expandNSItemAttrs(ParseState *pstate, ParseNamespaceItem *nsitem,
int sublevels_up, int location)
int sublevels_up, bool require_col_privs, int location)
{
RangeTblEntry *rte = nsitem->p_rte;
List *names,
@ -3133,8 +3145,11 @@ expandNSItemAttrs(ParseState *pstate, ParseNamespaceItem *nsitem,
false);
te_list = lappend(te_list, te);
/* Require read access to each column */
markVarForSelectPriv(pstate, varnode);
if (require_col_privs)
{
/* Require read access to each column */
markVarForSelectPriv(pstate, varnode);
}
}
Assert(name == NULL && var == NULL); /* lists not the same length? */

3
src/backend/parser/parse_target.c
Unescape View File

@ -1308,6 +1308,7 @@ ExpandAllTables(ParseState *pstate, int location)
expandNSItemAttrs(pstate,
nsitem,
0,
true,
location));
}
@ -1370,7 +1371,7 @@ ExpandSingleTable(ParseState *pstate, ParseNamespaceItem *nsitem,
if (make_target_entry)
{
/* expandNSItemAttrs handles permissions marking */
return expandNSItemAttrs(pstate, nsitem, sublevels_up, location);
return expandNSItemAttrs(pstate, nsitem, sublevels_up, true, location);
}
else
{

41
src/backend/rewrite/rewriteHandler.c
Unescape View File

@ -1643,6 +1643,10 @@ matchLocks(CmdType event,
if (rulelocks == NULL)
return NIL;
/* No rule support for MERGE */
if (parsetree->commandType == CMD_MERGE)
return NIL;
if (parsetree->commandType != CMD_SELECT)
{
if (parsetree->resultRelation != varno)
@ -3671,8 +3675,8 @@ RewriteQuery(Query *parsetree, List *rewrite_events)
}
/*
* If the statement is an insert, update, or delete, adjust its targetlist
* as needed, and then fire INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE rules on it.
* If the statement is an insert, update, delete, or merge, adjust its
* targetlist as needed, and then fire INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE rules on it.
*
* SELECT rules are handled later when we have all the queries that should
* get executed. Also, utilities aren't rewritten at all (do we still
@ -3770,6 +3774,7 @@ RewriteQuery(Query *parsetree, List *rewrite_events)
}
else if (event == CMD_UPDATE)
{
Assert(parsetree->override == OVERRIDING_NOT_SET);
parsetree->targetList =
rewriteTargetListIU(parsetree->targetList,
parsetree->commandType,
@ -3780,6 +3785,38 @@ RewriteQuery(Query *parsetree, List *rewrite_events)
/* Also populate extraUpdatedCols (for generated columns) */
fill_extraUpdatedCols(rt_entry, rt_entry_relation);
}
else if (event == CMD_MERGE)
{
Assert(parsetree->override == OVERRIDING_NOT_SET);
/*
* Rewrite each action targetlist separately
*/
foreach(lc1, parsetree->mergeActionList)
{
MergeAction *action = (MergeAction *) lfirst(lc1);
switch (action->commandType)
{
case CMD_NOTHING:
case CMD_DELETE: /* Nothing to do here */
break;
case CMD_UPDATE:
case CMD_INSERT:
/* XXX is it possible to have a VALUES clause? */
action->targetList =
rewriteTargetListIU(action->targetList,
action->commandType,
action->override,
rt_entry_relation,
NULL, 0, NULL);
break;
default:
elog(ERROR, "unrecognized commandType: %d", action->commandType);
break;
}
}
}
else if (event == CMD_DELETE)
{
/* Nothing to do here */

106
src/backend/rewrite/rowsecurity.c
Unescape View File

@ -232,15 +232,17 @@ get_row_security_policies(Query *root, RangeTblEntry *rte, int rt_index,
hasSubLinks);
/*
* Similar to above, during an UPDATE or DELETE, if SELECT rights are also
* required (eg: when a RETURNING clause exists, or the user has provided
* a WHERE clause which involves columns from the relation), we collect up
* CMD_SELECT policies and add them via add_security_quals first.
* Similar to above, during an UPDATE, DELETE, or MERGE, if SELECT rights
* are also required (eg: when a RETURNING clause exists, or the user has
* provided a WHERE clause which involves columns from the relation), we
* collect up CMD_SELECT policies and add them via add_security_quals
* first.
*
* This way, we filter out any records which are not visible through an
* ALL or SELECT USING policy.
*/
if ((commandType == CMD_UPDATE || commandType == CMD_DELETE) &&
if ((commandType == CMD_UPDATE || commandType == CMD_DELETE ||
commandType == CMD_MERGE) &&
rte->requiredPerms & ACL_SELECT)
{
List *select_permissive_policies;
@ -380,6 +382,92 @@ get_row_security_policies(Query *root, RangeTblEntry *rte, int rt_index,
}
}
/*
* FOR MERGE, we fetch policies for UPDATE, DELETE and INSERT (and ALL)
* and set them up so that we can enforce the appropriate policy depending
* on the final action we take.
*
* We already fetched the SELECT policies above.
*
* We don't push the UPDATE/DELETE USING quals to the RTE because we don't
* really want to apply them while scanning the relation since we don't
* know whether we will be doing an UPDATE or a DELETE at the end. We
* apply the respective policy once we decide the final action on the
* target tuple.
*
* XXX We are setting up USING quals as WITH CHECK. If RLS prohibits
* UPDATE/DELETE on the target row, we shall throw an error instead of
* silently ignoring the row. This is different than how normal
* UPDATE/DELETE works and more in line with INSERT ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE
* handling.
*/
if (commandType == CMD_MERGE)
{
List *merge_permissive_policies;
List *merge_restrictive_policies;
/*
* Fetch the UPDATE policies and set them up to execute on the
* existing target row before doing UPDATE.
*/
get_policies_for_relation(rel, CMD_UPDATE, user_id,
&merge_permissive_policies,
&merge_restrictive_policies);
/*
* WCO_RLS_MERGE_UPDATE_CHECK is used to check UPDATE USING quals on
* the existing target row.
*/
add_with_check_options(rel, rt_index,
WCO_RLS_MERGE_UPDATE_CHECK,
merge_permissive_policies,
merge_restrictive_policies,
withCheckOptions,
hasSubLinks,
true);
/*
* Same with DELETE policies.
*/
get_policies_for_relation(rel, CMD_DELETE, user_id,
&merge_permissive_policies,
&merge_restrictive_policies);
add_with_check_options(rel, rt_index,
WCO_RLS_MERGE_DELETE_CHECK,
merge_permissive_policies,
merge_restrictive_policies,
withCheckOptions,
hasSubLinks,
true);
/*
* No special handling is required for INSERT policies. They will be
* checked and enforced during ExecInsert(). But we must add them to
* withCheckOptions.
*/
get_policies_for_relation(rel, CMD_INSERT, user_id,
&merge_permissive_policies,
&merge_restrictive_policies);
add_with_check_options(rel, rt_index,
WCO_RLS_INSERT_CHECK,
merge_permissive_policies,
merge_restrictive_policies,
withCheckOptions,
hasSubLinks,
false);
/* Enforce the WITH CHECK clauses of the UPDATE policies */
add_with_check_options(rel, rt_index,
WCO_RLS_UPDATE_CHECK,
merge_permissive_policies,
merge_restrictive_policies,
withCheckOptions,
hasSubLinks,
false);
}
table_close(rel, NoLock);
/*
@ -444,6 +532,14 @@ get_policies_for_relation(Relation relation, CmdType cmd, Oid user_id,
if (policy->polcmd == ACL_DELETE_CHR)
cmd_matches = true;
break;
case CMD_MERGE:
/*
* We do not support a separate policy for MERGE command.
* Instead it derives from the policies defined for other
* commands.
*/
break;
default:
elog(ERROR, "unrecognized policy command type %d",
(int) cmd);

3
src/backend/tcop/pquery.c
Unescape View File

@ -178,6 +178,9 @@ ProcessQuery(PlannedStmt *plan,
case CMD_DELETE:
SetQueryCompletion(qc, CMDTAG_DELETE, queryDesc->estate->es_processed);
break;
case CMD_MERGE:
SetQueryCompletion(qc, CMDTAG_MERGE, queryDesc->estate->es_processed);
break;
default:
SetQueryCompletion(qc, CMDTAG_UNKNOWN, queryDesc->estate->es_processed);
break;

16
src/backend/tcop/utility.c
Unescape View File

@ -113,6 +113,7 @@ CommandIsReadOnly(PlannedStmt *pstmt)
case CMD_UPDATE:
case CMD_INSERT:
case CMD_DELETE:
case CMD_MERGE:
return false;
case CMD_UTILITY:
/* For now, treat all utility commands as read/write */
@ -2124,6 +2125,8 @@ QueryReturnsTuples(Query *parsetree)
case CMD_SELECT:
/* returns tuples */
return true;
case CMD_MERGE:
return false;
case CMD_INSERT:
case CMD_UPDATE:
case CMD_DELETE:
@ -2365,6 +2368,10 @@ CreateCommandTag(Node *parsetree)
tag = CMDTAG_UPDATE;
break;
case T_MergeStmt:
tag = CMDTAG_MERGE;
break;
case T_SelectStmt:
tag = CMDTAG_SELECT;
break;
@ -3125,6 +3132,9 @@ CreateCommandTag(Node *parsetree)
case CMD_DELETE:
tag = CMDTAG_DELETE;
break;
case CMD_MERGE:
tag = CMDTAG_MERGE;
break;
case CMD_UTILITY:
tag = CreateCommandTag(stmt->utilityStmt);
break;
@ -3185,6 +3195,9 @@ CreateCommandTag(Node *parsetree)
case CMD_DELETE:
tag = CMDTAG_DELETE;
break;
case CMD_MERGE:
tag = CMDTAG_MERGE;
break;
case CMD_UTILITY:
tag = CreateCommandTag(stmt->utilityStmt);
break;
@ -3233,6 +3246,7 @@ GetCommandLogLevel(Node *parsetree)
case T_InsertStmt:
case T_DeleteStmt:
case T_UpdateStmt:
case T_MergeStmt:
lev = LOGSTMT_MOD;
break;
@ -3682,6 +3696,7 @@ GetCommandLogLevel(Node *parsetree)
case CMD_UPDATE:
case CMD_INSERT:
case CMD_DELETE:
case CMD_MERGE:
lev = LOGSTMT_MOD;
break;
@ -3712,6 +3727,7 @@ GetCommandLogLevel(Node *parsetree)
case CMD_UPDATE:
case CMD_INSERT:
case CMD_DELETE:
case CMD_MERGE:
lev = LOGSTMT_MOD;
break;

9
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
Unescape View File

@ -4940,6 +4940,8 @@ set_deparse_plan(deparse_namespace *dpns, Plan *plan)
* For a WorkTableScan, locate the parent RecursiveUnion plan node and use
* that as INNER referent.
*
* For MERGE, make the inner tlist point to the merge source tlist, which
* is same as the targetlist that the ModifyTable's source plan provides.
* For ON CONFLICT .. UPDATE we just need the inner tlist to point to the
* excluded expression's tlist. (Similar to the SubqueryScan we don't want
* to reuse OUTER, it's used for RETURNING in some modify table cases,
@ -4959,7 +4961,12 @@ set_deparse_plan(deparse_namespace *dpns, Plan *plan)
dpns->inner_plan = innerPlan(plan);
if (IsA(plan, ModifyTable))
dpns->inner_tlist = ((ModifyTable *) plan)->exclRelTlist;
{
if (((ModifyTable *) plan)->operation == CMD_MERGE)
dpns->inner_tlist = dpns->outer_plan->targetlist;
else
dpns->inner_tlist = ((ModifyTable *) plan)->exclRelTlist;
}
else if (dpns->inner_plan)
dpns->inner_tlist = dpns->inner_plan->targetlist;
else

69
src/bin/psql/tab-complete.c
Unescape View File

@ -820,6 +820,17 @@ static const SchemaQuery Query_for_list_of_updatables = {
.result = "c.relname",
};
/* Relations supporting MERGE */
static const SchemaQuery Query_for_list_of_mergetargets = {
.catname = "pg_catalog.pg_class c",
.selcondition =
"c.relkind IN (" CppAsString2(RELKIND_RELATION) ", "
CppAsString2(RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE) ") ",
.viscondition = "pg_catalog.pg_table_is_visible(c.oid)",
.namespace = "c.relnamespace",
.result = "c.relname",
};
/* Relations supporting SELECT */
static const SchemaQuery Query_for_list_of_selectables = {
.catname = "pg_catalog.pg_class c",
@ -1664,7 +1675,7 @@ psql_completion(const char *text, int start, int end)
"COMMENT", "COMMIT", "COPY", "CREATE", "DEALLOCATE", "DECLARE",
"DELETE FROM", "DISCARD", "DO", "DROP", "END", "EXECUTE", "EXPLAIN",
"FETCH", "GRANT", "IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA", "INSERT INTO", "LISTEN", "LOAD", "LOCK",
"MOVE", "NOTIFY", "PREPARE",
"MERGE", "MOVE", "NOTIFY", "PREPARE",
"REASSIGN", "REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW", "REINDEX", "RELEASE",
"RESET", "REVOKE", "ROLLBACK",
"SAVEPOINT", "SECURITY LABEL", "SELECT", "SET", "SHOW", "START",
@ -3627,7 +3638,7 @@ psql_completion(const char *text, int start, int end)
*/
else if (Matches("EXPLAIN"))
COMPLETE_WITH("SELECT", "INSERT INTO", "DELETE FROM", "UPDATE", "DECLARE",
"EXECUTE", "ANALYZE", "VERBOSE");
"MERGE", "EXECUTE", "ANALYZE", "VERBOSE");
else if (HeadMatches("EXPLAIN", "(*") &&
!HeadMatches("EXPLAIN", "(*)"))
{
@ -3646,12 +3657,12 @@ psql_completion(const char *text, int start, int end)
}
else if (Matches("EXPLAIN", "ANALYZE"))
COMPLETE_WITH("SELECT", "INSERT INTO", "DELETE FROM", "UPDATE", "DECLARE",
"EXECUTE", "VERBOSE");
"MERGE", "EXECUTE", "VERBOSE");
else if (Matches("EXPLAIN", "(*)") ||
Matches("EXPLAIN", "VERBOSE") ||
Matches("EXPLAIN", "ANALYZE", "VERBOSE"))
COMPLETE_WITH("SELECT", "INSERT INTO", "DELETE FROM", "UPDATE", "DECLARE",
"EXECUTE");
"MERGE", "EXECUTE");
/* FETCH && MOVE */
@ -3913,6 +3924,9 @@ psql_completion(const char *text, int start, int end)
COMPLETE_WITH("OPTIONS (");
/* INSERT --- can be inside EXPLAIN, RULE, etc */
/* Complete NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT */
else if (TailMatches("NOT", "MATCHED", "THEN", "INSERT"))
COMPLETE_WITH("VALUES", "(");
/* Complete INSERT with "INTO" */
else if (TailMatches("INSERT"))
COMPLETE_WITH("INTO");
@ -3988,6 +4002,53 @@ psql_completion(const char *text, int start, int end)
else if (HeadMatches("LOCK") && TailMatches("IN", "SHARE"))
COMPLETE_WITH("MODE", "ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE",
"UPDATE EXCLUSIVE MODE");
/* MERGE --- can be inside EXPLAIN */
else if (TailMatches("MERGE"))
COMPLETE_WITH("INTO");
else if (TailMatches("MERGE", "INTO"))
COMPLETE_WITH_SCHEMA_QUERY(Query_for_list_of_mergetargets);
else if (TailMatches("MERGE", "INTO", MatchAny))
COMPLETE_WITH("USING", "AS");
else if (TailMatches("MERGE", "INTO", MatchAny, "USING"))
COMPLETE_WITH_SCHEMA_QUERY(Query_for_list_of_tables);
/* with [AS] alias */
else if (TailMatches("MERGE", "INTO", MatchAny, "AS", MatchAny))
COMPLETE_WITH("USING");
else if (TailMatches("MERGE", "INTO", MatchAny, MatchAny))
COMPLETE_WITH("USING");
else if (TailMatches("MERGE", "INTO", MatchAny, "AS", MatchAny, "USING"))
COMPLETE_WITH_SCHEMA_QUERY(Query_for_list_of_tables);
else if (TailMatches("MERGE", "INTO", MatchAny, MatchAny, "USING"))
COMPLETE_WITH_SCHEMA_QUERY(Query_for_list_of_tables);
/* ON */
else if (TailMatches("MERGE", "INTO", MatchAny, "USING", MatchAny))
COMPLETE_WITH("ON");
else if (TailMatches("INTO", MatchAny, "AS", MatchAny, "USING", MatchAny, "AS", MatchAny))
COMPLETE_WITH("ON");
else if (TailMatches("INTO", MatchAny, MatchAny, "USING", MatchAny, MatchAny))
COMPLETE_WITH("ON");
/* ON condition */
else if (TailMatches("INTO", MatchAny, "USING", MatchAny, "ON"))
COMPLETE_WITH_ATTR(prev4_wd);
else if (TailMatches("INTO", MatchAny, "AS", MatchAny, "USING", MatchAny, "AS", MatchAny, "ON"))
COMPLETE_WITH_ATTR(prev8_wd);
else if (TailMatches("INTO", MatchAny, MatchAny, "USING", MatchAny, MatchAny, "ON"))
COMPLETE_WITH_ATTR(prev6_wd);
/* WHEN [NOT] MATCHED */
else if (TailMatches("USING", MatchAny, "ON", MatchAny))
COMPLETE_WITH("WHEN MATCHED", "WHEN NOT MATCHED");
else if (TailMatches("USING", MatchAny, "AS", MatchAny, "ON", MatchAny))
COMPLETE_WITH("WHEN MATCHED", "WHEN NOT MATCHED");
else if (TailMatches("USING", MatchAny, MatchAny, "ON", MatchAny))
COMPLETE_WITH("WHEN MATCHED", "WHEN NOT MATCHED");
else if (TailMatches("WHEN", "MATCHED"))
COMPLETE_WITH("THEN", "AND");
else if (TailMatches("WHEN", "NOT", "MATCHED"))
COMPLETE_WITH("THEN", "AND");
else if (TailMatches("WHEN", "MATCHED", "THEN"))
COMPLETE_WITH("UPDATE", "DELETE");
else if (TailMatches("WHEN", "NOT", "MATCHED", "THEN"))
COMPLETE_WITH("INSERT", "DO NOTHING");
/* Complete LOCK [TABLE] [ONLY] <table> [IN lockmode MODE] with "NOWAIT" */
else if (HeadMatches("LOCK") && TailMatches("MODE"))

4
src/include/commands/trigger.h
Unescape View File

@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
#ifndef TRIGGER_H
#define TRIGGER_H
#include "access/tableam.h"
#include "catalog/objectaddress.h"
#include "nodes/execnodes.h"
#include "nodes/parsenodes.h"
@ -229,7 +230,8 @@ extern bool ExecBRUpdateTriggers(EState *estate,
ResultRelInfo *relinfo,
ItemPointer tupleid,
HeapTuple fdw_trigtuple,
TupleTableSlot *slot);
TupleTableSlot *slot,
TM_FailureData *tmfdp);
extern void ExecARUpdateTriggers(EState *estate,
ResultRelInfo *relinfo,
ResultRelInfo *src_partinfo,

3
src/include/executor/nodeModifyTable.h
Unescape View File

@ -23,4 +23,7 @@ extern ModifyTableState *ExecInitModifyTable(ModifyTable *node, EState *estate,
extern void ExecEndModifyTable(ModifyTableState *node);
extern void ExecReScanModifyTable(ModifyTableState *node);
extern void ExecInitMergeTupleSlots(ModifyTableState *mtstate,
ResultRelInfo *resultRelInfo);
#endif /* NODEMODIFYTABLE_H */

1
src/include/executor/spi.h
Unescape View File

@ -96,6 +96,7 @@ typedef struct _SPI_plan *SPIPlanPtr;
#define SPI_OK_REL_REGISTER 15
#define SPI_OK_REL_UNREGISTER 16
#define SPI_OK_TD_REGISTER 17
#define SPI_OK_MERGE 18
#define SPI_OPT_NONATOMIC (1 << 0)

36
src/include/nodes/execnodes.h
Unescape View File

@ -389,6 +389,22 @@ typedef struct OnConflictSetState
ExprState *oc_WhereClause; /* state for the WHERE clause */
} OnConflictSetState;
/* ----------------
* MergeActionState information
*
* Executor state for a MERGE action.
* ----------------
*/
typedef struct MergeActionState
{
NodeTag type;
MergeAction *mas_action; /* associated MergeAction node */
ProjectionInfo *mas_proj; /* projection of the action's targetlist for
* this rel */
ExprState *mas_whenqual; /* WHEN [NOT] MATCHED AND conditions */
} MergeActionState;
/*
* ResultRelInfo
*
@ -500,6 +516,10 @@ typedef struct ResultRelInfo
/* ON CONFLICT evaluation state */
OnConflictSetState *ri_onConflict;
/* for MERGE, lists of MergeActionState */
List *ri_matchedMergeAction;
List *ri_notMatchedMergeAction;
/* partition check expression state (NULL if not set up yet) */
ExprState *ri_PartitionCheckExpr;
@ -1190,6 +1210,12 @@ typedef struct ProjectSetState
MemoryContext argcontext; /* context for SRF arguments */
} ProjectSetState;
/* flags for mt_merge_subcommands */
#define MERGE_INSERT 0x01
#define MERGE_UPDATE 0x02
#define MERGE_DELETE 0x04
/* ----------------
* ModifyTableState information
* ----------------
@ -1197,7 +1223,7 @@ typedef struct ProjectSetState
typedef struct ModifyTableState
{
PlanState ps; /* its first field is NodeTag */
CmdType operation; /* INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
CmdType operation; /* INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, or MERGE */
bool canSetTag; /* do we set the command tag/es_processed? */
bool mt_done; /* are we done? */
int mt_nrels; /* number of entries in resultRelInfo[] */
@ -1239,6 +1265,14 @@ typedef struct ModifyTableState
/* controls transition table population for INSERT...ON CONFLICT UPDATE */
struct TransitionCaptureState *mt_oc_transition_capture;
/* Flags showing which subcommands are present INS/UPD/DEL/DO NOTHING */
int mt_merge_subcommands;
/* tuple counters for MERGE */
double mt_merge_inserted;
double mt_merge_updated;
double mt_merge_deleted;
} ModifyTableState;
/* ----------------

7
src/include/nodes/nodes.h
Unescape View File

@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ typedef enum NodeTag
T_ProjectionInfo,
T_JunkFilter,
T_OnConflictSetState,
T_MergeActionState,
T_ResultRelInfo,
T_EState,
T_TupleTableSlot,
@ -283,6 +284,7 @@ typedef enum NodeTag
T_RollupData,
T_GroupingSetData,
T_StatisticExtInfo,
T_MergeAction,
/*
* TAGS FOR MEMORY NODES (memnodes.h)
@ -321,6 +323,7 @@ typedef enum NodeTag
T_InsertStmt,
T_DeleteStmt,
T_UpdateStmt,
T_MergeStmt,
T_SelectStmt,
T_ReturnStmt,
T_PLAssignStmt,
@ -485,6 +488,7 @@ typedef enum NodeTag
T_CTESearchClause,
T_CTECycleClause,
T_CommonTableExpr,
T_MergeWhenClause,
T_RoleSpec,
T_TriggerTransition,
T_PartitionElem,
@ -698,7 +702,8 @@ typedef enum CmdType
CMD_SELECT, /* select stmt */
CMD_UPDATE, /* update stmt */
CMD_INSERT, /* insert stmt */
CMD_DELETE,
CMD_DELETE, /* delete stmt */
CMD_MERGE, /* merge stmt */
CMD_UTILITY, /* cmds like create, destroy, copy, vacuum,
* etc. */
CMD_NOTHING /* dummy command for instead nothing rules

61
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
Unescape View File

@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ typedef struct Query
{
NodeTag type;
CmdType commandType; /* select|insert|update|delete|utility */
CmdType commandType; /* select|insert|update|delete|merge|utility */
QuerySource querySource; /* where did I come from? */
@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ typedef struct Query
Node *utilityStmt; /* non-null if commandType == CMD_UTILITY */
int resultRelation; /* rtable index of target relation for
* INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE; 0 for SELECT */
* INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE/MERGE; 0 for SELECT */
bool hasAggs; /* has aggregates in tlist or havingQual */
bool hasWindowFuncs; /* has window functions in tlist */
@ -147,7 +147,11 @@ typedef struct Query
List *cteList; /* WITH list (of CommonTableExpr's) */
List *rtable; /* list of range table entries */
FromExpr *jointree; /* table join tree (FROM and WHERE clauses) */
FromExpr *jointree; /* table join tree (FROM and WHERE clauses);
* also USING clause for MERGE */
List *mergeActionList; /* list of actions for MERGE (only) */
bool mergeUseOuterJoin; /* whether to use outer join */
List *targetList; /* target list (of TargetEntry) */
@ -1221,7 +1225,9 @@ typedef enum WCOKind
WCO_VIEW_CHECK, /* WCO on an auto-updatable view */
WCO_RLS_INSERT_CHECK, /* RLS INSERT WITH CHECK policy */
WCO_RLS_UPDATE_CHECK, /* RLS UPDATE WITH CHECK policy */
WCO_RLS_CONFLICT_CHECK /* RLS ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE USING policy */
WCO_RLS_CONFLICT_CHECK, /* RLS ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE USING policy */
WCO_RLS_MERGE_UPDATE_CHECK, /* RLS MERGE UPDATE USING policy */
WCO_RLS_MERGE_DELETE_CHECK /* RLS MERGE DELETE USING policy */
} WCOKind;
typedef struct WithCheckOption
@ -1537,6 +1543,39 @@ typedef struct CommonTableExpr
((Query *) (cte)->ctequery)->targetList : \
((Query *) (cte)->ctequery)->returningList)
/*
* MergeWhenClause -
* raw parser representation of a WHEN clause in a MERGE statement
*
* This is transformed into MergeAction by parse analysis
*/
typedef struct MergeWhenClause
{
NodeTag type;
bool matched; /* true=MATCHED, false=NOT MATCHED */
CmdType commandType; /* INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE/DO NOTHING */
OverridingKind override; /* OVERRIDING clause */
Node *condition; /* WHEN conditions (raw parser) */
List *targetList; /* INSERT/UPDATE targetlist */
/* the following members are only used in INSERT actions */
List *values; /* VALUES to INSERT, or NULL */
} MergeWhenClause;
/*
* MergeAction -
* Transformed representation of a WHEN clause in a MERGE statement
*/
typedef struct MergeAction
{
NodeTag type;
bool matched; /* true=MATCHED, false=NOT MATCHED */
CmdType commandType; /* INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE/DO NOTHING */
OverridingKind override; /* OVERRIDING clause */
Node *qual; /* transformed WHEN conditions */
List *targetList; /* the target list (of TargetEntry) */
List *updateColnos; /* target attribute numbers of an UPDATE */
} MergeAction;
/*
* TriggerTransition -
* representation of transition row or table naming clause
@ -1737,6 +1776,20 @@ typedef struct UpdateStmt
WithClause *withClause; /* WITH clause */
} UpdateStmt;
/* ----------------------
* Merge Statement
* ----------------------
*/
typedef struct MergeStmt
{
NodeTag type;
RangeVar *relation; /* target relation to merge into */
Node *sourceRelation; /* source relation */
Node *joinCondition; /* join condition between source and target */
List *mergeWhenClauses; /* list of MergeWhenClause(es) */
WithClause *withClause; /* WITH clause */
} MergeStmt;
/* ----------------------
* Select Statement
*

6
src/include/nodes/pathnodes.h
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@ -1875,7 +1875,7 @@ typedef struct LockRowsPath
} LockRowsPath;
/*
* ModifyTablePath represents performing INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE modifications
* ModifyTablePath represents performing INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE/MERGE
*
* We represent most things that will be in the ModifyTable plan node
* literally, except we have a child Path not Plan. But analysis of the
@ -1885,7 +1885,7 @@ typedef struct ModifyTablePath
{
Path path;
Path *subpath; /* Path producing source data */
CmdType operation; /* INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
CmdType operation; /* INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, or MERGE */
bool canSetTag; /* do we set the command tag/es_processed? */
Index nominalRelation; /* Parent RT index for use of EXPLAIN */
Index rootRelation; /* Root RT index, if target is partitioned */
@ -1897,6 +1897,8 @@ typedef struct ModifyTablePath
List *rowMarks; /* PlanRowMarks (non-locking only) */
OnConflictExpr *onconflict; /* ON CONFLICT clause, or NULL */
int epqParam; /* ID of Param for EvalPlanQual re-eval */
List *mergeActionLists; /* per-target-table lists of actions for
* MERGE */
} ModifyTablePath;
/*

7
src/include/nodes/plannodes.h
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@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
#include "lib/stringinfo.h"
#include "nodes/bitmapset.h"
#include "nodes/lockoptions.h"
#include "nodes/parsenodes.h"
#include "nodes/primnodes.h"
@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ typedef struct PlannedStmt
{
NodeTag type;
CmdType commandType; /* select|insert|update|delete|utility */
CmdType commandType; /* select|insert|update|delete|merge|utility */
uint64 queryId; /* query identifier (copied from Query) */
@ -217,7 +218,7 @@ typedef struct ProjectSet
typedef struct ModifyTable
{
Plan plan;
CmdType operation; /* INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
CmdType operation; /* INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, or MERGE */
bool canSetTag; /* do we set the command tag/es_processed? */
Index nominalRelation; /* Parent RT index for use of EXPLAIN */
Index rootRelation; /* Root RT index, if target is partitioned */
@ -237,6 +238,8 @@ typedef struct ModifyTable
Node *onConflictWhere; /* WHERE for ON CONFLICT UPDATE */
Index exclRelRTI; /* RTI of the EXCLUDED pseudo relation */
List *exclRelTlist; /* tlist of the EXCLUDED pseudo relation */
List *mergeActionLists; /* per-target-table lists of actions for
* MERGE */
} ModifyTable;
struct PartitionPruneInfo; /* forward reference to struct below */

2
src/include/optimizer/pathnode.h
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@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ extern ModifyTablePath *create_modifytable_path(PlannerInfo *root,
List *updateColnosLists,
List *withCheckOptionLists, List *returningLists,
List *rowMarks, OnConflictExpr *onconflict,
int epqParam);
List *mergeActionLists, int epqParam);
extern LimitPath *create_limit_path(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
Path *subpath,
Node *limitOffset, Node *limitCount,

1
src/include/optimizer/prep.h
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@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
/*
* prototypes for prepjointree.c
*/
extern void transform_MERGE_to_join(Query *parse);
extern void replace_empty_jointree(Query *parse);
extern void pull_up_sublinks(PlannerInfo *root);
extern void preprocess_function_rtes(PlannerInfo *root);

5
src/include/parser/analyze.h
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@ -39,6 +39,11 @@ extern Query *parse_sub_analyze(Node *parseTree, ParseState *parentParseState,
bool locked_from_parent,
bool resolve_unknowns);
extern List *transformInsertRow(ParseState *pstate, List *exprlist,
List *stmtcols, List *icolumns, List *attrnos,
bool strip_indirection);
extern List *transformUpdateTargetList(ParseState *pstate,
List *targetList);
extern Query *transformTopLevelStmt(ParseState *pstate, RawStmt *parseTree);
extern Query *transformStmt(ParseState *pstate, Node *parseTree);

2
src/include/parser/kwlist.h
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@ -259,8 +259,10 @@ PG_KEYWORD("locked", LOCKED, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("logged", LOGGED, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("mapping", MAPPING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("match", MATCH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("matched", MATCHED, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("materialized", MATERIALIZED, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("maxvalue", MAXVALUE, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("merge", MERGE, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("method", METHOD, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("minute", MINUTE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, AS_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("minvalue", MINVALUE, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)

21
src/include/parser/parse_merge.h
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@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* parse_merge.h
* handle MERGE statement in parser
*
*
* Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2022, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
* Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
*
* src/include/parser/parse_merge.h
*
*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
#ifndef PARSE_MERGE_H
#define PARSE_MERGE_H
#include "parser/parse_node.h"
extern Query *transformMergeStmt(ParseState *pstate, MergeStmt *stmt);
#endif /* PARSE_MERGE_H */

5
src/include/parser/parse_node.h
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@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ typedef enum ParseExprKind
EXPR_KIND_INSERT_TARGET, /* INSERT target list item */
EXPR_KIND_UPDATE_SOURCE, /* UPDATE assignment source item */
EXPR_KIND_UPDATE_TARGET, /* UPDATE assignment target item */
EXPR_KIND_MERGE_WHEN, /* MERGE WHEN [NOT] MATCHED condition */
EXPR_KIND_GROUP_BY, /* GROUP BY */
EXPR_KIND_ORDER_BY, /* ORDER BY */
EXPR_KIND_DISTINCT_ON, /* DISTINCT ON */
@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ typedef Node *(*CoerceParamHook) (ParseState *pstate, Param *param,
* p_parent_cte: CommonTableExpr that immediately contains the current query,
* if any.
*
* p_target_relation: target relation, if query is INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE.
* p_target_relation: target relation, if query is INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE/MERGE
*
* p_target_nsitem: target relation's ParseNamespaceItem.
*
@ -189,7 +190,7 @@ struct ParseState
List *p_ctenamespace; /* current namespace for common table exprs */
List *p_future_ctes; /* common table exprs not yet in namespace */
CommonTableExpr *p_parent_cte; /* this query's containing CTE */
Relation p_target_relation; /* INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE target rel */
Relation p_target_relation; /* INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE/MERGE target rel */
ParseNamespaceItem *p_target_nsitem; /* target rel's NSItem, or NULL */
bool p_is_insert; /* process assignment like INSERT not UPDATE */
List *p_windowdefs; /* raw representations of window clauses */

3
src/include/parser/parse_relation.h
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@ -113,7 +113,8 @@ extern List *expandNSItemVars(ParseNamespaceItem *nsitem,
int sublevels_up, int location,
List **colnames);
extern List *expandNSItemAttrs(ParseState *pstate, ParseNamespaceItem *nsitem,
int sublevels_up, int location);
int sublevels_up, bool require_col_privs,
int location);
extern int attnameAttNum(Relation rd, const char *attname, bool sysColOK);
extern const NameData *attnumAttName(Relation rd, int attid);
extern Oid attnumTypeId(Relation rd, int attid);

1
src/include/tcop/cmdtaglist.h
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@ -186,6 +186,7 @@ PG_CMDTAG(CMDTAG_INSERT, "INSERT", false, false, true)
PG_CMDTAG(CMDTAG_LISTEN, "LISTEN", false, false, false)
PG_CMDTAG(CMDTAG_LOAD, "LOAD", false, false, false)
PG_CMDTAG(CMDTAG_LOCK_TABLE, "LOCK TABLE", false, false, false)
PG_CMDTAG(CMDTAG_MERGE, "MERGE", false, false, true)
PG_CMDTAG(CMDTAG_MOVE, "MOVE", false, false, true)
PG_CMDTAG(CMDTAG_NOTIFY, "NOTIFY", false, false, false)
PG_CMDTAG(CMDTAG_PREPARE, "PREPARE", false, false, false)

9
src/interfaces/libpq/fe-exec.c
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@ -3670,9 +3670,9 @@ PQoidValue(const PGresult *res)
/*
* PQcmdTuples -
* If the last command was INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE/MOVE/FETCH/COPY, return
* a string containing the number of inserted/affected tuples. If not,
* return "".
* If the last command was INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE/MERGE/MOVE/FETCH/COPY,
* return a string containing the number of inserted/affected tuples.
* If not, return "".
*
* XXX: this should probably return an int
*/
@ -3699,7 +3699,8 @@ PQcmdTuples(PGresult *res)
strncmp(res->cmdStatus, "DELETE ", 7) == 0 ||
strncmp(res->cmdStatus, "UPDATE ", 7) == 0)
p = res->cmdStatus + 7;
else if (strncmp(res->cmdStatus, "FETCH ", 6) == 0)
else if (strncmp(res->cmdStatus, "FETCH ", 6) == 0 ||
strncmp(res->cmdStatus, "MERGE ", 6) == 0)
p = res->cmdStatus + 6;
else if (strncmp(res->cmdStatus, "MOVE ", 5) == 0 ||
strncmp(res->cmdStatus, "COPY ", 5) == 0)

7
src/pl/plpgsql/src/pl_exec.c
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@ -4194,7 +4194,7 @@ exec_stmt_execsql(PLpgSQL_execstate *estate,
/*
* On the first call for this statement generate the plan, and detect
* whether the statement is INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE
* whether the statement is INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE/MERGE
*/
if (expr->plan == NULL)
exec_prepare_plan(estate, expr, CURSOR_OPT_PARALLEL_OK);
@ -4216,7 +4216,8 @@ exec_stmt_execsql(PLpgSQL_execstate *estate,
*/
if (plansource->commandTag == CMDTAG_INSERT ||
plansource->commandTag == CMDTAG_UPDATE ||
plansource->commandTag == CMDTAG_DELETE)
plansource->commandTag == CMDTAG_DELETE ||
plansource->commandTag == CMDTAG_MERGE)
{
stmt->mod_stmt = true;
break;
@ -4276,6 +4277,7 @@ exec_stmt_execsql(PLpgSQL_execstate *estate,
case SPI_OK_INSERT_RETURNING:
case SPI_OK_UPDATE_RETURNING:
case SPI_OK_DELETE_RETURNING:
case SPI_OK_MERGE:
Assert(stmt->mod_stmt);
exec_set_found(estate, (SPI_processed != 0));
break;
@ -4457,6 +4459,7 @@ exec_stmt_dynexecute(PLpgSQL_execstate *estate,
case SPI_OK_INSERT_RETURNING:
case SPI_OK_UPDATE_RETURNING:
case SPI_OK_DELETE_RETURNING:
case SPI_OK_MERGE:
case SPI_OK_UTILITY:
case SPI_OK_REWRITTEN:
break;

8
src/pl/plpgsql/src/pl_gram.y
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@ -306,6 +306,7 @@ static void check_raise_parameters(PLpgSQL_stmt_raise *stmt);
%token <keyword> K_LAST
%token <keyword> K_LOG
%token <keyword> K_LOOP
%token <keyword> K_MERGE
%token <keyword> K_MESSAGE
%token <keyword> K_MESSAGE_TEXT
%token <keyword> K_MOVE
@ -2000,6 +2001,10 @@ stmt_execsql : K_IMPORT
{
$$ = make_execsql_stmt(K_INSERT, @1);
}
| K_MERGE
{
$$ = make_execsql_stmt(K_MERGE, @1);
}
| T_WORD
{
int tok;
@ -2537,6 +2542,7 @@ unreserved_keyword :
| K_IS
| K_LAST
| K_LOG
| K_MERGE
| K_MESSAGE
| K_MESSAGE_TEXT
| K_MOVE
@ -3000,6 +3006,8 @@ make_execsql_stmt(int firsttoken, int location)
{
if (prev_tok == K_INSERT)
continue; /* INSERT INTO is not an INTO-target */
if (prev_tok == K_MERGE)
continue; /* MERGE INTO is not an INTO-target */
if (firsttoken == K_IMPORT)
continue; /* IMPORT ... INTO is not an INTO-target */
if (have_into)

1
src/pl/plpgsql/src/pl_unreserved_kwlist.h
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@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("insert", K_INSERT)
PG_KEYWORD("is", K_IS)
PG_KEYWORD("last", K_LAST)
PG_KEYWORD("log", K_LOG)
PG_KEYWORD("merge", K_MERGE)
PG_KEYWORD("message", K_MESSAGE)
PG_KEYWORD("message_text", K_MESSAGE_TEXT)
PG_KEYWORD("move", K_MOVE)

2
src/pl/plpgsql/src/plpgsql.h
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@ -893,7 +893,7 @@ typedef struct PLpgSQL_stmt_execsql
int lineno;
unsigned int stmtid;
PLpgSQL_expr *sqlstmt;
bool mod_stmt; /* is the stmt INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE? */
bool mod_stmt; /* is the stmt INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE/MERGE? */
bool mod_stmt_set; /* is mod_stmt valid yet? */
bool into; /* INTO supplied? */
bool strict; /* INTO STRICT flag */

117
src/test/isolation/expected/merge-delete.out
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@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
Parsed test spec with 2 sessions
starting permutation: delete c1 select2 c2
step delete: DELETE FROM target t WHERE t.key = 1;
step c1: COMMIT;
step select2: SELECT * FROM target;
key|val
---+---
(0 rows)
step c2: COMMIT;
starting permutation: merge_delete c1 select2 c2
step merge_delete: MERGE INTO target t USING (SELECT 1 as key) s ON s.key = t.key WHEN MATCHED THEN DELETE;
step c1: COMMIT;
step select2: SELECT * FROM target;
key|val
---+---
(0 rows)
step c2: COMMIT;
starting permutation: delete c1 update1 select2 c2
step delete: DELETE FROM target t WHERE t.key = 1;
step c1: COMMIT;
step update1: UPDATE target t SET val = t.val || ' updated by update1' WHERE t.key = 1;
step select2: SELECT * FROM target;
key|val
---+---
(0 rows)
step c2: COMMIT;
starting permutation: merge_delete c1 update1 select2 c2
step merge_delete: MERGE INTO target t USING (SELECT 1 as key) s ON s.key = t.key WHEN MATCHED THEN DELETE;
step c1: COMMIT;
step update1: UPDATE target t SET val = t.val || ' updated by update1' WHERE t.key = 1;
step select2: SELECT * FROM target;
key|val
---+---
(0 rows)
step c2: COMMIT;
starting permutation: delete c1 merge2 select2 c2
step delete: DELETE FROM target t WHERE t.key = 1;
step c1: COMMIT;
step merge2: MERGE INTO target t USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'merge2a' as val) s ON s.key = t.key WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val) WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE set key = t.key + 1, val = t.val || ' updated by ' || s.val;
step select2: SELECT * FROM target;
key|val
---+-------
1|merge2a
(1 row)
step c2: COMMIT;
starting permutation: merge_delete c1 merge2 select2 c2
step merge_delete: MERGE INTO target t USING (SELECT 1 as key) s ON s.key = t.key WHEN MATCHED THEN DELETE;
step c1: COMMIT;
step merge2: MERGE INTO target t USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'merge2a' as val) s ON s.key = t.key WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val) WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE set key = t.key + 1, val = t.val || ' updated by ' || s.val;
step select2: SELECT * FROM target;
key|val
---+-------
1|merge2a
(1 row)
step c2: COMMIT;
starting permutation: delete update1 c1 select2 c2
step delete: DELETE FROM target t WHERE t.key = 1;
step update1: UPDATE target t SET val = t.val || ' updated by update1' WHERE t.key = 1; <waiting ...>
step c1: COMMIT;
step update1: <... completed>
step select2: SELECT * FROM target;
key|val
---+---
(0 rows)
step c2: COMMIT;
starting permutation: merge_delete update1 c1 select2 c2
step merge_delete: MERGE INTO target t USING (SELECT 1 as key) s ON s.key = t.key WHEN MATCHED THEN DELETE;
step update1: UPDATE target t SET val = t.val || ' updated by update1' WHERE t.key = 1; <waiting ...>
step c1: COMMIT;
step update1: <... completed>
step select2: SELECT * FROM target;
key|val
---+---
(0 rows)
step c2: COMMIT;
starting permutation: delete merge2 c1 select2 c2
step delete: DELETE FROM target t WHERE t.key = 1;
step merge2: MERGE INTO target t USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'merge2a' as val) s ON s.key = t.key WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val) WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE set key = t.key + 1, val = t.val || ' updated by ' || s.val; <waiting ...>
step c1: COMMIT;
step merge2: <... completed>
step select2: SELECT * FROM target;
key|val
---+-------
1|merge2a
(1 row)
step c2: COMMIT;
starting permutation: merge_delete merge2 c1 select2 c2
step merge_delete: MERGE INTO target t USING (SELECT 1 as key) s ON s.key = t.key WHEN MATCHED THEN DELETE;
step merge2: MERGE INTO target t USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'merge2a' as val) s ON s.key = t.key WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val) WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE set key = t.key + 1, val = t.val || ' updated by ' || s.val; <waiting ...>
step c1: COMMIT;
step merge2: <... completed>
step select2: SELECT * FROM target;
key|val
---+-------
1|merge2a
(1 row)
step c2: COMMIT;

94
src/test/isolation/expected/merge-insert-update.out
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@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
Parsed test spec with 2 sessions
starting permutation: merge1 c1 select2 c2
step merge1: MERGE INTO target t USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'merge1' as val) s ON s.key = t.key WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val) WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE set val = t.val || ' updated by merge1';
step c1: COMMIT;
step select2: SELECT * FROM target;
key|val
---+------
1|merge1
(1 row)
step c2: COMMIT;
starting permutation: merge1 c1 merge2 select2 c2
step merge1: MERGE INTO target t USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'merge1' as val) s ON s.key = t.key WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val) WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE set val = t.val || ' updated by merge1';
step c1: COMMIT;
step merge2: MERGE INTO target t USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'merge2' as val) s ON s.key = t.key WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val) WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE set val = t.val || ' updated by merge2';
step select2: SELECT * FROM target;
key|val
---+------------------------
1|merge1 updated by merge2
(1 row)
step c2: COMMIT;
starting permutation: insert1 merge2 c1 select2 c2
step insert1: INSERT INTO target VALUES (1, 'insert1');
step merge2: MERGE INTO target t USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'merge2' as val) s ON s.key = t.key WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val) WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE set val = t.val || ' updated by merge2'; <waiting ...>
step c1: COMMIT;
step merge2: <... completed>
ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint "target_pkey"
step select2: SELECT * FROM target;
ERROR: current transaction is aborted, commands ignored until end of transaction block
step c2: COMMIT;
starting permutation: merge1 merge2 c1 select2 c2
step merge1: MERGE INTO target t USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'merge1' as val) s ON s.key = t.key WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val) WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE set val = t.val || ' updated by merge1';
step merge2: MERGE INTO target t USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'merge2' as val) s ON s.key = t.key WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val) WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE set val = t.val || ' updated by merge2'; <waiting ...>
step c1: COMMIT;
step merge2: <... completed>
ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint "target_pkey"
step select2: SELECT * FROM target;
ERROR: current transaction is aborted, commands ignored until end of transaction block
step c2: COMMIT;
starting permutation: merge1 merge2 a1 select2 c2
step merge1: MERGE INTO target t USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'merge1' as val) s ON s.key = t.key WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val) WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE set val = t.val || ' updated by merge1';
step merge2: MERGE INTO target t USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'merge2' as val) s ON s.key = t.key WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val) WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE set val = t.val || ' updated by merge2'; <waiting ...>
step a1: ABORT;
step merge2: <... completed>
step select2: SELECT * FROM target;
key|val
---+------
1|merge2
(1 row)
step c2: COMMIT;
starting permutation: delete1 insert1 c1 merge2 select2 c2
step delete1: DELETE FROM target WHERE key = 1;
step insert1: INSERT INTO target VALUES (1, 'insert1');
step c1: COMMIT;
step merge2: MERGE INTO target t USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'merge2' as val) s ON s.key = t.key WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val) WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE set val = t.val || ' updated by merge2';
step select2: SELECT * FROM target;
key|val
---+-------------------------
1|insert1 updated by merge2
(1 row)
step c2: COMMIT;
starting permutation: delete1 insert1 merge2 c1 select2 c2
step delete1: DELETE FROM target WHERE key = 1;
step insert1: INSERT INTO target VALUES (1, 'insert1');
step merge2: MERGE INTO target t USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'merge2' as val) s ON s.key = t.key WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val) WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE set val = t.val || ' updated by merge2'; <waiting ...>
step c1: COMMIT;
step merge2: <... completed>
ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint "target_pkey"
step select2: SELECT * FROM target;
ERROR: current transaction is aborted, commands ignored until end of transaction block
step c2: COMMIT;
starting permutation: delete1 insert1 merge2i c1 select2 c2
step delete1: DELETE FROM target WHERE key = 1;
step insert1: INSERT INTO target VALUES (1, 'insert1');
step merge2i: MERGE INTO target t USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'merge2' as val) s ON s.key = t.key WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE set val = t.val || ' updated by merge2';
step c1: COMMIT;
step select2: SELECT * FROM target;
key|val
---+-------
1|insert1
(1 row)
step c2: COMMIT;

116
src/test/isolation/expected/merge-match-recheck.out
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@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
Parsed test spec with 2 sessions
starting permutation: update1 merge_status c2 select1 c1
step update1: UPDATE target t SET balance = balance + 10, val = t.val || ' updated by update1' WHERE t.key = 1;
step merge_status:
MERGE INTO target t
USING (SELECT 1 as key) s
ON s.key = t.key
WHEN MATCHED AND status = 's1' THEN
UPDATE SET status = 's2', val = t.val || ' when1'
WHEN MATCHED AND status = 's2' THEN
UPDATE SET status = 's3', val = t.val || ' when2'
WHEN MATCHED AND status = 's3' THEN
UPDATE SET status = 's4', val = t.val || ' when3';
<waiting ...>
step c2: COMMIT;
step merge_status: <... completed>
step select1: SELECT * FROM target;
key|balance|status|val
---+-------+------+------------------------------
1| 170|s2 |setup updated by update1 when1
(1 row)
step c1: COMMIT;
starting permutation: update2 merge_status c2 select1 c1
step update2: UPDATE target t SET status = 's2', val = t.val || ' updated by update2' WHERE t.key = 1;
step merge_status:
MERGE INTO target t
USING (SELECT 1 as key) s
ON s.key = t.key
WHEN MATCHED AND status = 's1' THEN
UPDATE SET status = 's2', val = t.val || ' when1'
WHEN MATCHED AND status = 's2' THEN
UPDATE SET status = 's3', val = t.val || ' when2'
WHEN MATCHED AND status = 's3' THEN
UPDATE SET status = 's4', val = t.val || ' when3';
<waiting ...>
step c2: COMMIT;
step merge_status: <... completed>
step select1: SELECT * FROM target;
key|balance|status|val
---+-------+------+------------------------------
1| 160|s3 |setup updated by update2 when2
(1 row)
step c1: COMMIT;
starting permutation: update3 merge_status c2 select1 c1
step update3: UPDATE target t SET status = 's3', val = t.val || ' updated by update3' WHERE t.key = 1;
step merge_status:
MERGE INTO target t
USING (SELECT 1 as key) s
ON s.key = t.key
WHEN MATCHED AND status = 's1' THEN
UPDATE SET status = 's2', val = t.val || ' when1'
WHEN MATCHED AND status = 's2' THEN
UPDATE SET status = 's3', val = t.val || ' when2'
WHEN MATCHED AND status = 's3' THEN
UPDATE SET status = 's4', val = t.val || ' when3';
<waiting ...>
step c2: COMMIT;
step merge_status: <... completed>
step select1: SELECT * FROM target;
key|balance|status|val
---+-------+------+------------------------------
1| 160|s4 |setup updated by update3 when3
(1 row)
step c1: COMMIT;
starting permutation: update5 merge_status c2 select1 c1
step update5: UPDATE target t SET status = 's5', val = t.val || ' updated by update5' WHERE t.key = 1;
step merge_status:
MERGE INTO target t
USING (SELECT 1 as key) s
ON s.key = t.key
WHEN MATCHED AND status = 's1' THEN
UPDATE SET status = 's2', val = t.val || ' when1'
WHEN MATCHED AND status = 's2' THEN
UPDATE SET status = 's3', val = t.val || ' when2'
WHEN MATCHED AND status = 's3' THEN
UPDATE SET status = 's4', val = t.val || ' when3';
<waiting ...>
step c2: COMMIT;
step merge_status: <... completed>
step select1: SELECT * FROM target;
key|balance|status|val
---+-------+------+------------------------
1| 160|s5 |setup updated by update5
(1 row)
step c1: COMMIT;
starting permutation: update_bal1 merge_bal c2 select1 c1
step update_bal1: UPDATE target t SET balance = 50, val = t.val || ' updated by update_bal1' WHERE t.key = 1;
step merge_bal:
MERGE INTO target t
USING (SELECT 1 as key) s
ON s.key = t.key
WHEN MATCHED AND balance < 100 THEN
UPDATE SET balance = balance * 2, val = t.val || ' when1'
WHEN MATCHED AND balance < 200 THEN
UPDATE SET balance = balance * 4, val = t.val || ' when2'
WHEN MATCHED AND balance < 300 THEN
UPDATE SET balance = balance * 8, val = t.val || ' when3';
<waiting ...>
step c2: COMMIT;
step merge_bal: <... completed>
step select1: SELECT * FROM target;
key|balance|status|val
---+-------+------+----------------------------------
1| 100|s1 |setup updated by update_bal1 when1
(1 row)
step c1: COMMIT;

314
src/test/isolation/expected/merge-update.out
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Parsed test spec with 2 sessions
starting permutation: merge1 c1 select2 c2
step merge1:
MERGE INTO target t
USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'merge1' as val) s
ON s.key = t.key
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE set key = t.key + 1, val = t.val || ' updated by ' || s.val;
step c1: COMMIT;
step select2: SELECT * FROM target;
key|val
---+------------------------
2|setup1 updated by merge1
(1 row)
step c2: COMMIT;
starting permutation: merge1 c1 merge2a select2 c2
step merge1:
MERGE INTO target t
USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'merge1' as val) s
ON s.key = t.key
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE set key = t.key + 1, val = t.val || ' updated by ' || s.val;
step c1: COMMIT;
step merge2a:
MERGE INTO target t
USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'merge2a' as val) s
ON s.key = t.key
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE set key = t.key + 1, val = t.val || ' updated by ' || s.val;
step select2: SELECT * FROM target;
key|val
---+------------------------
2|setup1 updated by merge1
1|merge2a
(2 rows)
step c2: COMMIT;
starting permutation: merge1 merge2a c1 select2 c2
step merge1:
MERGE INTO target t
USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'merge1' as val) s
ON s.key = t.key
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE set key = t.key + 1, val = t.val || ' updated by ' || s.val;
step merge2a:
MERGE INTO target t
USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'merge2a' as val) s
ON s.key = t.key
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE set key = t.key + 1, val = t.val || ' updated by ' || s.val;
<waiting ...>
step c1: COMMIT;
step merge2a: <... completed>
step select2: SELECT * FROM target;
key|val
---+------------------------
2|setup1 updated by merge1
1|merge2a
(2 rows)
step c2: COMMIT;
starting permutation: merge1 merge2a a1 select2 c2
step merge1:
MERGE INTO target t
USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'merge1' as val) s
ON s.key = t.key
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE set key = t.key + 1, val = t.val || ' updated by ' || s.val;
step merge2a:
MERGE INTO target t
USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'merge2a' as val) s
ON s.key = t.key
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE set key = t.key + 1, val = t.val || ' updated by ' || s.val;
<waiting ...>
step a1: ABORT;
step merge2a: <... completed>
step select2: SELECT * FROM target;
key|val
---+-------------------------
2|setup1 updated by merge2a
(1 row)
step c2: COMMIT;
starting permutation: merge1 merge2b c1 select2 c2
step merge1:
MERGE INTO target t
USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'merge1' as val) s
ON s.key = t.key
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE set key = t.key + 1, val = t.val || ' updated by ' || s.val;
step merge2b:
MERGE INTO target t
USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'merge2b' as val) s
ON s.key = t.key
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val)
WHEN MATCHED AND t.key < 2 THEN
UPDATE set key = t.key + 1, val = t.val || ' updated by ' || s.val;
<waiting ...>
step c1: COMMIT;
step merge2b: <... completed>
step select2: SELECT * FROM target;
key|val
---+------------------------
2|setup1 updated by merge1
1|merge2b
(2 rows)
step c2: COMMIT;
starting permutation: merge1 merge2c c1 select2 c2
step merge1:
MERGE INTO target t
USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'merge1' as val) s
ON s.key = t.key
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE set key = t.key + 1, val = t.val || ' updated by ' || s.val;
step merge2c:
MERGE INTO target t
USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'merge2c' as val) s
ON s.key = t.key AND t.key < 2
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE set key = t.key + 1, val = t.val || ' updated by ' || s.val;
<waiting ...>
step c1: COMMIT;
step merge2c: <... completed>
step select2: SELECT * FROM target;
key|val
---+------------------------
2|setup1 updated by merge1
1|merge2c
(2 rows)
step c2: COMMIT;
starting permutation: pa_merge1 pa_merge2a c1 pa_select2 c2
step pa_merge1:
MERGE INTO pa_target t
USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'pa_merge1' as val) s
ON s.key = t.key
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE set val = t.val || ' updated by ' || s.val;
step pa_merge2a:
MERGE INTO pa_target t
USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'pa_merge2a' as val) s
ON s.key = t.key
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE set key = t.key + 1, val = t.val || ' updated by ' || s.val;
<waiting ...>
step c1: COMMIT;
step pa_merge2a: <... completed>
step pa_select2: SELECT * FROM pa_target;
key|val
---+--------------------------------------------------
2|initial
2|initial updated by pa_merge1 updated by pa_merge2a
(2 rows)
step c2: COMMIT;
starting permutation: pa_merge2 pa_merge2a c1 pa_select2 c2
step pa_merge2:
MERGE INTO pa_target t
USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'pa_merge2' as val) s
ON s.key = t.key
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE set key = t.key + 1, val = t.val || ' updated by ' || s.val;
step pa_merge2a:
MERGE INTO pa_target t
USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'pa_merge2a' as val) s
ON s.key = t.key
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE set key = t.key + 1, val = t.val || ' updated by ' || s.val;
<waiting ...>
step c1: COMMIT;
step pa_merge2a: <... completed>
ERROR: tuple to be locked was already moved to another partition due to concurrent update
step pa_select2: SELECT * FROM pa_target;
ERROR: current transaction is aborted, commands ignored until end of transaction block
step c2: COMMIT;
starting permutation: pa_merge2 c1 pa_merge2a pa_select2 c2
step pa_merge2:
MERGE INTO pa_target t
USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'pa_merge2' as val) s
ON s.key = t.key
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE set key = t.key + 1, val = t.val || ' updated by ' || s.val;
step c1: COMMIT;
step pa_merge2a:
MERGE INTO pa_target t
USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'pa_merge2a' as val) s
ON s.key = t.key
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE set key = t.key + 1, val = t.val || ' updated by ' || s.val;
step pa_select2: SELECT * FROM pa_target;
key|val
---+----------------------------
1|pa_merge2a
2|initial
2|initial updated by pa_merge2
(3 rows)
step c2: COMMIT;
starting permutation: pa_merge3 pa_merge2b_when c1 pa_select2 c2
step pa_merge3:
MERGE INTO pa_target t
USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'pa_merge2' as val) s
ON s.key = t.key
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE set val = 'prefix ' || t.val;
step pa_merge2b_when:
MERGE INTO pa_target t
USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'pa_merge2b_when' as val) s
ON s.key = t.key
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val)
WHEN MATCHED AND t.val like 'initial%' THEN
UPDATE set key = t.key + 1, val = t.val || ' updated by ' || s.val;
<waiting ...>
step c1: COMMIT;
step pa_merge2b_when: <... completed>
step pa_select2: SELECT * FROM pa_target;
key|val
---+--------------
1|prefix initial
2|initial
(2 rows)
step c2: COMMIT;
starting permutation: pa_merge1 pa_merge2b_when c1 pa_select2 c2
step pa_merge1:
MERGE INTO pa_target t
USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'pa_merge1' as val) s
ON s.key = t.key
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE set val = t.val || ' updated by ' || s.val;
step pa_merge2b_when:
MERGE INTO pa_target t
USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'pa_merge2b_when' as val) s
ON s.key = t.key
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val)
WHEN MATCHED AND t.val like 'initial%' THEN
UPDATE set key = t.key + 1, val = t.val || ' updated by ' || s.val;
<waiting ...>
step c1: COMMIT;
step pa_merge2b_when: <... completed>
step pa_select2: SELECT * FROM pa_target;
key|val
---+-------------------------------------------------------
2|initial
2|initial updated by pa_merge1 updated by pa_merge2b_when
(2 rows)
step c2: COMMIT;

4
src/test/isolation/isolation_schedule
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@ -45,6 +45,10 @@ test: insert-conflict-do-update
test: insert-conflict-do-update-2
test: insert-conflict-do-update-3
test: insert-conflict-specconflict
test: merge-insert-update
test: merge-delete
test: merge-update
test: merge-match-recheck
test: delete-abort-savept
test: delete-abort-savept-2
test: aborted-keyrevoke

50
src/test/isolation/specs/merge-delete.spec
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# MERGE DELETE
#
# This test looks at the interactions involving concurrent deletes
# comparing the behavior of MERGE, DELETE and UPDATE
setup
{
CREATE TABLE target (key int primary key, val text);
INSERT INTO target VALUES (1, 'setup1');
}
teardown
{
DROP TABLE target;
}
session "s1"
setup
{
BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
}
step "delete" { DELETE FROM target t WHERE t.key = 1; }
step "merge_delete" { MERGE INTO target t USING (SELECT 1 as key) s ON s.key = t.key WHEN MATCHED THEN DELETE; }
step "c1" { COMMIT; }
session "s2"
setup
{
BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
}
step "update1" { UPDATE target t SET val = t.val || ' updated by update1' WHERE t.key = 1; }
step "merge2" { MERGE INTO target t USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'merge2a' as val) s ON s.key = t.key WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val) WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE set key = t.key + 1, val = t.val || ' updated by ' || s.val; }
step "select2" { SELECT * FROM target; }
step "c2" { COMMIT; }
# Basic effects
permutation "delete" "c1" "select2" "c2"
permutation "merge_delete" "c1" "select2" "c2"
# One after the other, no concurrency
permutation "delete" "c1" "update1" "select2" "c2"
permutation "merge_delete" "c1" "update1" "select2" "c2"
permutation "delete" "c1" "merge2" "select2" "c2"
permutation "merge_delete" "c1" "merge2" "select2" "c2"
# Now with concurrency
permutation "delete" "update1" "c1" "select2" "c2"
permutation "merge_delete" "update1" "c1" "select2" "c2"
permutation "delete" "merge2" "c1" "select2" "c2"
permutation "merge_delete" "merge2" "c1" "select2" "c2"

51
src/test/isolation/specs/merge-insert-update.spec
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# MERGE INSERT UPDATE
#
# This looks at how we handle concurrent INSERTs, illustrating how the
# behavior differs from INSERT ... ON CONFLICT
setup
{
CREATE TABLE target (key int primary key, val text);
}
teardown
{
DROP TABLE target;
}
session "s1"
setup
{
BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
}
step "merge1" { MERGE INTO target t USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'merge1' as val) s ON s.key = t.key WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val) WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE set val = t.val || ' updated by merge1'; }
step "delete1" { DELETE FROM target WHERE key = 1; }
step "insert1" { INSERT INTO target VALUES (1, 'insert1'); }
step "c1" { COMMIT; }
step "a1" { ABORT; }
session "s2"
setup
{
BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
}
step "merge2" { MERGE INTO target t USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'merge2' as val) s ON s.key = t.key WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val) WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE set val = t.val || ' updated by merge2'; }
step "merge2i" { MERGE INTO target t USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'merge2' as val) s ON s.key = t.key WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE set val = t.val || ' updated by merge2'; }
step "select2" { SELECT * FROM target; }
step "c2" { COMMIT; }
# Basic effects
permutation "merge1" "c1" "select2" "c2"
permutation "merge1" "c1" "merge2" "select2" "c2"
# check concurrent inserts
permutation "insert1" "merge2" "c1" "select2" "c2"
permutation "merge1" "merge2" "c1" "select2" "c2"
permutation "merge1" "merge2" "a1" "select2" "c2"
# check how we handle when visible row has been concurrently deleted, then same key re-inserted
permutation "delete1" "insert1" "c1" "merge2" "select2" "c2"
permutation "delete1" "insert1" "merge2" "c1" "select2" "c2"
permutation "delete1" "insert1" "merge2i" "c1" "select2" "c2"

77
src/test/isolation/specs/merge-match-recheck.spec
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# MERGE MATCHED RECHECK
#
# This test looks at what happens when we have complex
# WHEN MATCHED AND conditions and a concurrent UPDATE causes a
# recheck of the AND condition on the new row
setup
{
CREATE TABLE target (key int primary key, balance integer, status text, val text);
INSERT INTO target VALUES (1, 160, 's1', 'setup');
}
teardown
{
DROP TABLE target;
}
session "s1"
setup
{
BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
}
step "merge_status"
{
MERGE INTO target t
USING (SELECT 1 as key) s
ON s.key = t.key
WHEN MATCHED AND status = 's1' THEN
UPDATE SET status = 's2', val = t.val || ' when1'
WHEN MATCHED AND status = 's2' THEN
UPDATE SET status = 's3', val = t.val || ' when2'
WHEN MATCHED AND status = 's3' THEN
UPDATE SET status = 's4', val = t.val || ' when3';
}
step "merge_bal"
{
MERGE INTO target t
USING (SELECT 1 as key) s
ON s.key = t.key
WHEN MATCHED AND balance < 100 THEN
UPDATE SET balance = balance * 2, val = t.val || ' when1'
WHEN MATCHED AND balance < 200 THEN
UPDATE SET balance = balance * 4, val = t.val || ' when2'
WHEN MATCHED AND balance < 300 THEN
UPDATE SET balance = balance * 8, val = t.val || ' when3';
}
step "select1" { SELECT * FROM target; }
step "c1" { COMMIT; }
session "s2"
setup
{
BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
}
step "update1" { UPDATE target t SET balance = balance + 10, val = t.val || ' updated by update1' WHERE t.key = 1; }
step "update2" { UPDATE target t SET status = 's2', val = t.val || ' updated by update2' WHERE t.key = 1; }
step "update3" { UPDATE target t SET status = 's3', val = t.val || ' updated by update3' WHERE t.key = 1; }
step "update5" { UPDATE target t SET status = 's5', val = t.val || ' updated by update5' WHERE t.key = 1; }
step "update_bal1" { UPDATE target t SET balance = 50, val = t.val || ' updated by update_bal1' WHERE t.key = 1; }
step "c2" { COMMIT; }
# merge_status sees concurrently updated row and rechecks WHEN conditions, but recheck passes and final status = 's2'
permutation "update1" "merge_status" "c2" "select1" "c1"
# merge_status sees concurrently updated row and rechecks WHEN conditions, recheck fails, so final status = 's3' not 's2'
permutation "update2" "merge_status" "c2" "select1" "c1"
# merge_status sees concurrently updated row and rechecks WHEN conditions, recheck fails, so final status = 's4' not 's2'
permutation "update3" "merge_status" "c2" "select1" "c1"
# merge_status sees concurrently updated row and rechecks WHEN conditions, recheck fails, but we skip update and MERGE does nothing
permutation "update5" "merge_status" "c2" "select1" "c1"
# merge_bal sees concurrently updated row and rechecks WHEN conditions, recheck fails, so final balance = 100 not 640
permutation "update_bal1" "merge_bal" "c2" "select1" "c1"

156
src/test/isolation/specs/merge-update.spec
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# MERGE UPDATE
#
# This test exercises atypical cases
# 1. UPDATEs of PKs that change the join in the ON clause
# 2. UPDATEs with WHEN conditions that would fail after concurrent update
# 3. UPDATEs with extra ON conditions that would fail after concurrent update
setup
{
CREATE TABLE target (key int primary key, val text);
INSERT INTO target VALUES (1, 'setup1');
CREATE TABLE pa_target (key integer, val text)
PARTITION BY LIST (key);
CREATE TABLE part1 (key integer, val text);
CREATE TABLE part2 (val text, key integer);
CREATE TABLE part3 (key integer, val text);
ALTER TABLE pa_target ATTACH PARTITION part1 FOR VALUES IN (1,4);
ALTER TABLE pa_target ATTACH PARTITION part2 FOR VALUES IN (2,5,6);
ALTER TABLE pa_target ATTACH PARTITION part3 DEFAULT;
INSERT INTO pa_target VALUES (1, 'initial');
INSERT INTO pa_target VALUES (2, 'initial');
}
teardown
{
DROP TABLE target;
DROP TABLE pa_target CASCADE;
}
session "s1"
setup
{
BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
}
step "merge1"
{
MERGE INTO target t
USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'merge1' as val) s
ON s.key = t.key
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE set key = t.key + 1, val = t.val || ' updated by ' || s.val;
}
step "pa_merge1"
{
MERGE INTO pa_target t
USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'pa_merge1' as val) s
ON s.key = t.key
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE set val = t.val || ' updated by ' || s.val;
}
step "pa_merge2"
{
MERGE INTO pa_target t
USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'pa_merge2' as val) s
ON s.key = t.key
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE set key = t.key + 1, val = t.val || ' updated by ' || s.val;
}
step "pa_merge3"
{
MERGE INTO pa_target t
USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'pa_merge2' as val) s
ON s.key = t.key
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE set val = 'prefix ' || t.val;
}
step "c1" { COMMIT; }
step "a1" { ABORT; }
session "s2"
setup
{
BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
}
step "merge2a"
{
MERGE INTO target t
USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'merge2a' as val) s
ON s.key = t.key
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE set key = t.key + 1, val = t.val || ' updated by ' || s.val;
}
step "merge2b"
{
MERGE INTO target t
USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'merge2b' as val) s
ON s.key = t.key
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val)
WHEN MATCHED AND t.key < 2 THEN
UPDATE set key = t.key + 1, val = t.val || ' updated by ' || s.val;
}
step "merge2c"
{
MERGE INTO target t
USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'merge2c' as val) s
ON s.key = t.key AND t.key < 2
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE set key = t.key + 1, val = t.val || ' updated by ' || s.val;
}
step "pa_merge2a"
{
MERGE INTO pa_target t
USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'pa_merge2a' as val) s
ON s.key = t.key
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE set key = t.key + 1, val = t.val || ' updated by ' || s.val;
}
# MERGE proceeds only if 'val' unchanged
step "pa_merge2b_when"
{
MERGE INTO pa_target t
USING (SELECT 1 as key, 'pa_merge2b_when' as val) s
ON s.key = t.key
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (s.key, s.val)
WHEN MATCHED AND t.val like 'initial%' THEN
UPDATE set key = t.key + 1, val = t.val || ' updated by ' || s.val;
}
step "select2" { SELECT * FROM target; }
step "pa_select2" { SELECT * FROM pa_target; }
step "c2" { COMMIT; }
# Basic effects
permutation "merge1" "c1" "select2" "c2"
# One after the other, no concurrency
permutation "merge1" "c1" "merge2a" "select2" "c2"
# Now with concurrency
permutation "merge1" "merge2a" "c1" "select2" "c2"
permutation "merge1" "merge2a" "a1" "select2" "c2"
permutation "merge1" "merge2b" "c1" "select2" "c2"
permutation "merge1" "merge2c" "c1" "select2" "c2"
permutation "pa_merge1" "pa_merge2a" "c1" "pa_select2" "c2"
permutation "pa_merge2" "pa_merge2a" "c1" "pa_select2" "c2" # fails
permutation "pa_merge2" "c1" "pa_merge2a" "pa_select2" "c2" # succeeds
permutation "pa_merge3" "pa_merge2b_when" "c1" "pa_select2" "c2" # WHEN not satisfied by updated tuple
permutation "pa_merge1" "pa_merge2b_when" "c1" "pa_select2" "c2" # WHEN satisfied by updated tuple

54
src/test/regress/expected/identity.out
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@ -560,3 +560,57 @@ CREATE TABLE itest15 (id integer GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY NOT NULL);
DROP TABLE itest15;
CREATE TABLE itest15 (id integer NOT NULL GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY);
DROP TABLE itest15;
-- MERGE tests
CREATE TABLE itest15 (a int GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY, b text);
CREATE TABLE itest16 (a int GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY, b text);
MERGE INTO itest15 t
USING (SELECT 10 AS s_a, 'inserted by merge' AS s_b) s
ON t.a = s.s_a
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (a, b) VALUES (s.s_a, s.s_b);
ERROR: cannot insert a non-DEFAULT value into column "a"
DETAIL: Column "a" is an identity column defined as GENERATED ALWAYS.
HINT: Use OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE to override.
-- Used to fail, but now it works and ignores the user supplied value
MERGE INTO itest15 t
USING (SELECT 20 AS s_a, 'inserted by merge' AS s_b) s
ON t.a = s.s_a
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (a, b) OVERRIDING USER VALUE VALUES (s.s_a, s.s_b);
MERGE INTO itest15 t
USING (SELECT 30 AS s_a, 'inserted by merge' AS s_b) s
ON t.a = s.s_a
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (a, b) OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE VALUES (s.s_a, s.s_b);
MERGE INTO itest16 t
USING (SELECT 10 AS s_a, 'inserted by merge' AS s_b) s
ON t.a = s.s_a
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (a, b) VALUES (s.s_a, s.s_b);
MERGE INTO itest16 t
USING (SELECT 20 AS s_a, 'inserted by merge' AS s_b) s
ON t.a = s.s_a
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (a, b) OVERRIDING USER VALUE VALUES (s.s_a, s.s_b);
MERGE INTO itest16 t
USING (SELECT 30 AS s_a, 'inserted by merge' AS s_b) s
ON t.a = s.s_a
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (a, b) OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE VALUES (s.s_a, s.s_b);
SELECT * FROM itest15;
a | b
----+-------------------
1 | inserted by merge
30 | inserted by merge
(2 rows)
SELECT * FROM itest16;
a | b
----+-------------------
10 | inserted by merge
1 | inserted by merge
30 | inserted by merge
(3 rows)
DROP TABLE itest15;
DROP TABLE itest16;

1934
src/test/regress/expected/merge.out
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98
src/test/regress/expected/privileges.out
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@ -699,6 +699,104 @@ SELECT atest6 FROM atest6; -- ok
(0 rows)
COPY atest6 TO stdout; -- ok
-- test column privileges with MERGE
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
CREATE TABLE mtarget (a int, b text);
CREATE TABLE msource (a int, b text);
INSERT INTO mtarget VALUES (1, 'init1'), (2, 'init2');
INSERT INTO msource VALUES (1, 'source1'), (2, 'source2'), (3, 'source3');
GRANT SELECT (a) ON msource TO regress_priv_user4;
GRANT SELECT (a) ON mtarget TO regress_priv_user4;
GRANT INSERT (a,b) ON mtarget TO regress_priv_user4;
GRANT UPDATE (b) ON mtarget TO regress_priv_user4;
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
--
-- test source privileges
--
-- fail (no SELECT priv on s.b)
MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET b = s.b
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (a, NULL);
ERROR: permission denied for table msource
-- fail (s.b used in the INSERTed values)
MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET b = 'x'
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (a, b);
ERROR: permission denied for table msource
-- fail (s.b used in the WHEN quals)
MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
WHEN MATCHED AND s.b = 'x' THEN
UPDATE SET b = 'x'
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (a, NULL);
ERROR: permission denied for table msource
-- this should be ok since only s.a is accessed
BEGIN;
MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET b = 'ok'
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (a, NULL);
ROLLBACK;
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
GRANT SELECT (b) ON msource TO regress_priv_user4;
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
-- should now be ok
BEGIN;
MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET b = s.b
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (a, b);
ROLLBACK;
--
-- test target privileges
--
-- fail (no SELECT priv on t.b)
MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET b = t.b
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (a, NULL);
ERROR: permission denied for table mtarget
-- fail (no UPDATE on t.a)
MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET b = s.b, a = t.a + 1
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (a, b);
ERROR: permission denied for table mtarget
-- fail (no SELECT on t.b)
MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
WHEN MATCHED AND t.b IS NOT NULL THEN
UPDATE SET b = s.b
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (a, b);
ERROR: permission denied for table mtarget
-- ok
BEGIN;
MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET b = s.b;
ROLLBACK;
-- fail (no DELETE)
MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
WHEN MATCHED AND t.b IS NOT NULL THEN
DELETE;
ERROR: permission denied for table mtarget
-- grant delete privileges
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
GRANT DELETE ON mtarget TO regress_priv_user4;
-- should be ok now
BEGIN;
MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
WHEN MATCHED AND t.b IS NOT NULL THEN
DELETE;
ROLLBACK;
-- check error reporting with column privs
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
CREATE TABLE t1 (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int check (c3 < 5), primary key (c1, c2));

182
src/test/regress/expected/rowsecurity.out
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@ -2117,6 +2117,188 @@ ERROR: new row violates row-level security policy (USING expression) for table
INSERT INTO document VALUES (1, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my first novel')
ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dauthor = 'regress_rls_carol';
ERROR: new row violates row-level security policy for table "document"
--
-- MERGE
--
RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
DROP POLICY p3_with_all ON document;
ALTER TABLE document ADD COLUMN dnotes text DEFAULT '';
-- all documents are readable
CREATE POLICY p1 ON document FOR SELECT USING (true);
-- one may insert documents only authored by them
CREATE POLICY p2 ON document FOR INSERT WITH CHECK (dauthor = current_user);
-- one may only update documents in 'novel' category
CREATE POLICY p3 ON document FOR UPDATE
USING (cid = (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'))
WITH CHECK (dauthor = current_user);
-- one may only delete documents in 'manga' category
CREATE POLICY p4 ON document FOR DELETE
USING (cid = (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'manga'));
SELECT * FROM document;
did | cid | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle | dnotes
-----+-----+--------+-------------------+----------------------------------+--------
1 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first novel |
3 | 22 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my science fiction |
4 | 44 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first manga |
5 | 44 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my second manga |
6 | 22 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction |
7 | 33 | 2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book |
8 | 44 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga |
9 | 22 | 1 | regress_rls_dave | awesome science fiction |
10 | 33 | 2 | regress_rls_dave | awesome technology book |
11 | 33 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | hoge |
33 | 22 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | okay science fiction |
2 | 11 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my first novel |
78 | 33 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | some technology novel |
79 | 33 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | technology book, can only insert |
(14 rows)
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
-- Fails, since update violates WITH CHECK qual on dauthor
MERGE INTO document d
USING (SELECT 1 as sdid) s
ON did = s.sdid
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge1 ', dauthor = 'regress_rls_alice';
ERROR: new row violates row-level security policy for table "document"
-- Should be OK since USING and WITH CHECK quals pass
MERGE INTO document d
USING (SELECT 1 as sdid) s
ON did = s.sdid
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge2 ';
-- Even when dauthor is updated explicitly, but to the existing value
MERGE INTO document d
USING (SELECT 1 as sdid) s
ON did = s.sdid
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge3 ', dauthor = 'regress_rls_bob';
-- There is a MATCH for did = 3, but UPDATE's USING qual does not allow
-- updating an item in category 'science fiction'
MERGE INTO document d
USING (SELECT 3 as sdid) s
ON did = s.sdid
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge ';
ERROR: target row violates row-level security policy (USING expression) for table "document"
-- The same thing with DELETE action, but fails again because no permissions
-- to delete items in 'science fiction' category that did 3 belongs to.
MERGE INTO document d
USING (SELECT 3 as sdid) s
ON did = s.sdid
WHEN MATCHED THEN
DELETE;
ERROR: target row violates row-level security policy (USING expression) for table "document"
-- Document with did 4 belongs to 'manga' category which is allowed for
-- deletion. But this fails because the UPDATE action is matched first and
-- UPDATE policy does not allow updation in the category.
MERGE INTO document d
USING (SELECT 4 as sdid) s
ON did = s.sdid
WHEN MATCHED AND dnotes = '' THEN
UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge '
WHEN MATCHED THEN
DELETE;
ERROR: target row violates row-level security policy (USING expression) for table "document"
-- UPDATE action is not matched this time because of the WHEN qual.
-- DELETE still fails because role regress_rls_bob does not have SELECT
-- privileges on 'manga' category row in the category table.
MERGE INTO document d
USING (SELECT 4 as sdid) s
ON did = s.sdid
WHEN MATCHED AND dnotes <> '' THEN
UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge '
WHEN MATCHED THEN
DELETE;
ERROR: target row violates row-level security policy (USING expression) for table "document"
SELECT * FROM document WHERE did = 4;
did | cid | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle | dnotes
-----+-----+--------+-----------------+----------------+--------
4 | 44 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first manga |
(1 row)
-- Switch to regress_rls_carol role and try the DELETE again. It should succeed
-- this time
RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
MERGE INTO document d
USING (SELECT 4 as sdid) s
ON did = s.sdid
WHEN MATCHED AND dnotes <> '' THEN
UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge '
WHEN MATCHED THEN
DELETE;
-- Switch back to regress_rls_bob role
RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
-- Try INSERT action. This fails because we are trying to insert
-- dauthor = regress_rls_dave and INSERT's WITH CHECK does not allow
-- that
MERGE INTO document d
USING (SELECT 12 as sdid) s
ON did = s.sdid
WHEN MATCHED THEN
DELETE
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (12, 11, 1, 'regress_rls_dave', 'another novel');
ERROR: new row violates row-level security policy for table "document"
-- This should be fine
MERGE INTO document d
USING (SELECT 12 as sdid) s
ON did = s.sdid
WHEN MATCHED THEN
DELETE
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (12, 11, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'another novel');
-- ok
MERGE INTO document d
USING (SELECT 1 as sdid) s
ON did = s.sdid
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge4 '
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (12, 11, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'another novel');
-- drop and create a new SELECT policy which prevents us from reading
-- any document except with category 'magna'
RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
DROP POLICY p1 ON document;
CREATE POLICY p1 ON document FOR SELECT
USING (cid = (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'manga'));
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
-- MERGE can no longer see the matching row and hence attempts the
-- NOT MATCHED action, which results in unique key violation
MERGE INTO document d
USING (SELECT 1 as sdid) s
ON did = s.sdid
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge5 '
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (12, 11, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'another novel');
ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint "document_pkey"
RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
-- drop the restrictive SELECT policy so that we can look at the
-- final state of the table
DROP POLICY p1 ON document;
-- Just check everything went per plan
SELECT * FROM document;
did | cid | dlevel | dauthor | dtitle | dnotes
-----+-----+--------+-------------------+----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
3 | 22 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my science fiction |
5 | 44 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my second manga |
6 | 22 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great science fiction |
7 | 33 | 2 | regress_rls_carol | great technology book |
8 | 44 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | great manga |
9 | 22 | 1 | regress_rls_dave | awesome science fiction |
10 | 33 | 2 | regress_rls_dave | awesome technology book |
11 | 33 | 1 | regress_rls_carol | hoge |
33 | 22 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | okay science fiction |
2 | 11 | 2 | regress_rls_bob | my first novel |
78 | 33 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | some technology novel |
79 | 33 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | technology book, can only insert |
12 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | another novel |
1 | 11 | 1 | regress_rls_bob | my first novel | notes added by merge2 notes added by merge3 notes added by merge4
(14 rows)
--
-- ROLE/GROUP
--

32
src/test/regress/expected/rules.out
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@ -3476,6 +3476,38 @@ CREATE RULE rules_parted_table_insert AS ON INSERT to rules_parted_table
ALTER RULE rules_parted_table_insert ON rules_parted_table RENAME TO rules_parted_table_insert_redirect;
DROP TABLE rules_parted_table;
--
-- test MERGE
--
CREATE TABLE rule_merge1 (a int, b text);
CREATE TABLE rule_merge2 (a int, b text);
CREATE RULE rule1 AS ON INSERT TO rule_merge1
DO INSTEAD INSERT INTO rule_merge2 VALUES (NEW.*);
CREATE RULE rule2 AS ON UPDATE TO rule_merge1
DO INSTEAD UPDATE rule_merge2 SET a = NEW.a, b = NEW.b
WHERE a = OLD.a;
CREATE RULE rule3 AS ON DELETE TO rule_merge1
DO INSTEAD DELETE FROM rule_merge2 WHERE a = OLD.a;
-- MERGE not supported for table with rules
MERGE INTO rule_merge1 t USING (SELECT 1 AS a) s
ON t.a = s.a
WHEN MATCHED AND t.a < 2 THEN
UPDATE SET b = b || ' updated by merge'
WHEN MATCHED AND t.a > 2 THEN
DELETE
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (s.a, '');
ERROR: cannot execute MERGE on relation "rule_merge1"
DETAIL: MERGE is not supported for relations with rules.
-- should be ok with the other table though
MERGE INTO rule_merge2 t USING (SELECT 1 AS a) s
ON t.a = s.a
WHEN MATCHED AND t.a < 2 THEN
UPDATE SET b = b || ' updated by merge'
WHEN MATCHED AND t.a > 2 THEN
DELETE
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (s.a, '');
--
-- Test enabling/disabling
--
CREATE TABLE ruletest1 (a int);

48
src/test/regress/expected/triggers.out
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@ -3284,6 +3284,54 @@ delete from self_ref where a = 1;
NOTICE: trigger_func(self_ref) called: action = DELETE, when = BEFORE, level = STATEMENT
NOTICE: trigger = self_ref_s_trig, old table = (1,), (2,1), (3,2), (4,3)
drop table self_ref;
--
-- test transition tables with MERGE
--
create table merge_target_table (a int primary key, b text);
create trigger merge_target_table_insert_trig
after insert on merge_target_table referencing new table as new_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
create trigger merge_target_table_update_trig
after update on merge_target_table referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
create trigger merge_target_table_delete_trig
after delete on merge_target_table referencing old table as old_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
create table merge_source_table (a int, b text);
insert into merge_source_table
values (1, 'initial1'), (2, 'initial2'),
(3, 'initial3'), (4, 'initial4');
merge into merge_target_table t
using merge_source_table s
on t.a = s.a
when not matched then
insert values (a, b);
NOTICE: trigger = merge_target_table_insert_trig, new table = (1,initial1), (2,initial2), (3,initial3), (4,initial4)
merge into merge_target_table t
using merge_source_table s
on t.a = s.a
when matched and s.a <= 2 then
update set b = t.b || ' updated by merge'
when matched and s.a > 2 then
delete
when not matched then
insert values (a, b);
NOTICE: trigger = merge_target_table_delete_trig, old table = (3,initial3), (4,initial4)
NOTICE: trigger = merge_target_table_update_trig, old table = (1,initial1), (2,initial2), new table = (1,"initial1 updated by merge"), (2,"initial2 updated by merge")
NOTICE: trigger = merge_target_table_insert_trig, new table = <NULL>
merge into merge_target_table t
using merge_source_table s
on t.a = s.a
when matched and s.a <= 2 then
update set b = t.b || ' updated again by merge'
when matched and s.a > 2 then
delete
when not matched then
insert values (a, b);
NOTICE: trigger = merge_target_table_delete_trig, old table = <NULL>
NOTICE: trigger = merge_target_table_update_trig, old table = (1,"initial1 updated by merge"), (2,"initial2 updated by merge"), new table = (1,"initial1 updated by merge updated again by merge"), (2,"initial2 updated by merge updated again by merge")
NOTICE: trigger = merge_target_table_insert_trig, new table = (3,initial3), (4,initial4)
drop table merge_source_table, merge_target_table;
-- cleanup
drop function dump_insert();
drop function dump_update();

133
src/test/regress/expected/with.out
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@ -2767,6 +2767,139 @@ RETURNING k, v;
(0 rows)
DROP TABLE withz;
-- WITH referenced by MERGE statement
CREATE TABLE m AS SELECT i AS k, (i || ' v')::text v FROM generate_series(1, 16, 3) i;
ALTER TABLE m ADD UNIQUE (k);
WITH RECURSIVE cte_basic AS (SELECT 1 a, 'cte_basic val' b)
MERGE INTO m USING (select 0 k, 'merge source SubPlan' v) o ON m.k=o.k
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || ' merge update' FROM cte_basic WHERE cte_basic.a = m.k LIMIT 1)
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES(o.k, o.v);
ERROR: WITH RECURSIVE is not supported for MERGE statement
-- Basic:
WITH cte_basic AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT 1 a, 'cte_basic val' b)
MERGE INTO m USING (select 0 k, 'merge source SubPlan' v offset 0) o ON m.k=o.k
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || ' merge update' FROM cte_basic WHERE cte_basic.a = m.k LIMIT 1)
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES(o.k, o.v);
-- Examine
SELECT * FROM m where k = 0;
k | v
---+----------------------
0 | merge source SubPlan
(1 row)
-- See EXPLAIN output for same query:
EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
WITH cte_basic AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT 1 a, 'cte_basic val' b)
MERGE INTO m USING (select 0 k, 'merge source SubPlan' v offset 0) o ON m.k=o.k
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || ' merge update' FROM cte_basic WHERE cte_basic.a = m.k LIMIT 1)
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES(o.k, o.v);
QUERY PLAN
----------------------------------------------------------------
Merge on public.m
CTE cte_basic
-> Result
Output: 1, 'cte_basic val'::text
-> Hash Right Join
Output: (0), ('merge source SubPlan'::text), m.ctid
Hash Cond: (m.k = (0))
-> Seq Scan on public.m
Output: m.ctid, m.k
-> Hash
Output: (0), ('merge source SubPlan'::text)
-> Result
Output: 0, 'merge source SubPlan'::text
SubPlan 2
-> Limit
Output: ((cte_basic.b || ' merge update'::text))
-> CTE Scan on cte_basic
Output: (cte_basic.b || ' merge update'::text)
Filter: (cte_basic.a = m.k)
(19 rows)
-- InitPlan
WITH cte_init AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT 1 a, 'cte_init val' b)
MERGE INTO m USING (select 1 k, 'merge source InitPlan' v offset 0) o ON m.k=o.k
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || ' merge update' FROM cte_init WHERE a = 1 LIMIT 1)
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES(o.k, o.v);
-- Examine
SELECT * FROM m where k = 1;
k | v
---+---------------------------
1 | cte_init val merge update
(1 row)
-- See EXPLAIN output for same query:
EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
WITH cte_init AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT 1 a, 'cte_init val' b)
MERGE INTO m USING (select 1 k, 'merge source InitPlan' v offset 0) o ON m.k=o.k
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || ' merge update' FROM cte_init WHERE a = 1 LIMIT 1)
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES(o.k, o.v);
QUERY PLAN
---------------------------------------------------------------
Merge on public.m
CTE cte_init
-> Result
Output: 1, 'cte_init val'::text
InitPlan 2 (returns $1)
-> Limit
Output: ((cte_init.b || ' merge update'::text))
-> CTE Scan on cte_init
Output: (cte_init.b || ' merge update'::text)
Filter: (cte_init.a = 1)
-> Hash Right Join
Output: (1), ('merge source InitPlan'::text), m.ctid
Hash Cond: (m.k = (1))
-> Seq Scan on public.m
Output: m.ctid, m.k
-> Hash
Output: (1), ('merge source InitPlan'::text)
-> Result
Output: 1, 'merge source InitPlan'::text
(19 rows)
-- MERGE source comes from CTE:
WITH merge_source_cte AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT 15 a, 'merge_source_cte val' b)
MERGE INTO m USING (select * from merge_source_cte) o ON m.k=o.a
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || merge_source_cte.*::text || ' merge update' FROM merge_source_cte WHERE a = 15)
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES(o.a, o.b || (SELECT merge_source_cte.*::text || ' merge insert' FROM merge_source_cte));
-- Examine
SELECT * FROM m where k = 15;
k | v
----+--------------------------------------------------------------
15 | merge_source_cte val(15,"merge_source_cte val") merge insert
(1 row)
-- See EXPLAIN output for same query:
EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
WITH merge_source_cte AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT 15 a, 'merge_source_cte val' b)
MERGE INTO m USING (select * from merge_source_cte) o ON m.k=o.a
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || merge_source_cte.*::text || ' merge update' FROM merge_source_cte WHERE a = 15)
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES(o.a, o.b || (SELECT merge_source_cte.*::text || ' merge insert' FROM merge_source_cte));
QUERY PLAN
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Merge on public.m
CTE merge_source_cte
-> Result
Output: 15, 'merge_source_cte val'::text
InitPlan 2 (returns $1)
-> CTE Scan on merge_source_cte merge_source_cte_1
Output: ((merge_source_cte_1.b || (merge_source_cte_1.*)::text) || ' merge update'::text)
Filter: (merge_source_cte_1.a = 15)
InitPlan 3 (returns $2)
-> CTE Scan on merge_source_cte merge_source_cte_2
Output: ((merge_source_cte_2.*)::text || ' merge insert'::text)
-> Hash Right Join
Output: merge_source_cte.a, merge_source_cte.b, m.ctid
Hash Cond: (m.k = merge_source_cte.a)
-> Seq Scan on public.m
Output: m.ctid, m.k
-> Hash
Output: merge_source_cte.a, merge_source_cte.b
-> CTE Scan on merge_source_cte
Output: merge_source_cte.a, merge_source_cte.b
(20 rows)
DROP TABLE m;
-- check that run to completion happens in proper ordering
TRUNCATE TABLE y;
INSERT INTO y SELECT generate_series(1, 3);

2
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
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@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ test: brin_bloom brin_multi
# psql depends on create_am
# amutils depends on geometry, create_index_spgist, hash_index, brin
# ----------
test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort create_role
test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize merge misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort create_role
# collate.*.utf8 tests cannot be run in parallel with each other
test: rules psql psql_crosstab amutils stats_ext collate.linux.utf8

46
src/test/regress/sql/identity.sql
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@ -355,3 +355,49 @@ CREATE TABLE itest15 (id integer GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY NOT NULL);
DROP TABLE itest15;
CREATE TABLE itest15 (id integer NOT NULL GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY);
DROP TABLE itest15;
-- MERGE tests
CREATE TABLE itest15 (a int GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY, b text);
CREATE TABLE itest16 (a int GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY, b text);
MERGE INTO itest15 t
USING (SELECT 10 AS s_a, 'inserted by merge' AS s_b) s
ON t.a = s.s_a
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (a, b) VALUES (s.s_a, s.s_b);
-- Used to fail, but now it works and ignores the user supplied value
MERGE INTO itest15 t
USING (SELECT 20 AS s_a, 'inserted by merge' AS s_b) s
ON t.a = s.s_a
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (a, b) OVERRIDING USER VALUE VALUES (s.s_a, s.s_b);
MERGE INTO itest15 t
USING (SELECT 30 AS s_a, 'inserted by merge' AS s_b) s
ON t.a = s.s_a
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (a, b) OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE VALUES (s.s_a, s.s_b);
MERGE INTO itest16 t
USING (SELECT 10 AS s_a, 'inserted by merge' AS s_b) s
ON t.a = s.s_a
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (a, b) VALUES (s.s_a, s.s_b);
MERGE INTO itest16 t
USING (SELECT 20 AS s_a, 'inserted by merge' AS s_b) s
ON t.a = s.s_a
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (a, b) OVERRIDING USER VALUE VALUES (s.s_a, s.s_b);
MERGE INTO itest16 t
USING (SELECT 30 AS s_a, 'inserted by merge' AS s_b) s
ON t.a = s.s_a
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (a, b) OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE VALUES (s.s_a, s.s_b);
SELECT * FROM itest15;
SELECT * FROM itest16;
DROP TABLE itest15;
DROP TABLE itest16;

1273
src/test/regress/sql/merge.sql
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108
src/test/regress/sql/privileges.sql
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@ -459,6 +459,114 @@ UPDATE atest5 SET one = 1; -- fail
SELECT atest6 FROM atest6; -- ok
COPY atest6 TO stdout; -- ok
-- test column privileges with MERGE
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
CREATE TABLE mtarget (a int, b text);
CREATE TABLE msource (a int, b text);
INSERT INTO mtarget VALUES (1, 'init1'), (2, 'init2');
INSERT INTO msource VALUES (1, 'source1'), (2, 'source2'), (3, 'source3');
GRANT SELECT (a) ON msource TO regress_priv_user4;
GRANT SELECT (a) ON mtarget TO regress_priv_user4;
GRANT INSERT (a,b) ON mtarget TO regress_priv_user4;
GRANT UPDATE (b) ON mtarget TO regress_priv_user4;
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
--
-- test source privileges
--
-- fail (no SELECT priv on s.b)
MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET b = s.b
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (a, NULL);
-- fail (s.b used in the INSERTed values)
MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET b = 'x'
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (a, b);
-- fail (s.b used in the WHEN quals)
MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
WHEN MATCHED AND s.b = 'x' THEN
UPDATE SET b = 'x'
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (a, NULL);
-- this should be ok since only s.a is accessed
BEGIN;
MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET b = 'ok'
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (a, NULL);
ROLLBACK;
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
GRANT SELECT (b) ON msource TO regress_priv_user4;
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user4;
-- should now be ok
BEGIN;
MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET b = s.b
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (a, b);
ROLLBACK;
--
-- test target privileges
--
-- fail (no SELECT priv on t.b)
MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET b = t.b
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (a, NULL);
-- fail (no UPDATE on t.a)
MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET b = s.b, a = t.a + 1
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (a, b);
-- fail (no SELECT on t.b)
MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
WHEN MATCHED AND t.b IS NOT NULL THEN
UPDATE SET b = s.b
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (a, b);
-- ok
BEGIN;
MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET b = s.b;
ROLLBACK;
-- fail (no DELETE)
MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
WHEN MATCHED AND t.b IS NOT NULL THEN
DELETE;
-- grant delete privileges
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
GRANT DELETE ON mtarget TO regress_priv_user4;
-- should be ok now
BEGIN;
MERGE INTO mtarget t USING msource s ON t.a = s.a
WHEN MATCHED AND t.b IS NOT NULL THEN
DELETE;
ROLLBACK;
-- check error reporting with column privs
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_priv_user1;
CREATE TABLE t1 (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int check (c3 < 5), primary key (c1, c2));

156
src/test/regress/sql/rowsecurity.sql
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@ -810,6 +810,162 @@ INSERT INTO document VALUES (4, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel')
INSERT INTO document VALUES (1, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my first novel')
ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dauthor = 'regress_rls_carol';
--
-- MERGE
--
RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
DROP POLICY p3_with_all ON document;
ALTER TABLE document ADD COLUMN dnotes text DEFAULT '';
-- all documents are readable
CREATE POLICY p1 ON document FOR SELECT USING (true);
-- one may insert documents only authored by them
CREATE POLICY p2 ON document FOR INSERT WITH CHECK (dauthor = current_user);
-- one may only update documents in 'novel' category
CREATE POLICY p3 ON document FOR UPDATE
USING (cid = (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'))
WITH CHECK (dauthor = current_user);
-- one may only delete documents in 'manga' category
CREATE POLICY p4 ON document FOR DELETE
USING (cid = (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'manga'));
SELECT * FROM document;
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
-- Fails, since update violates WITH CHECK qual on dauthor
MERGE INTO document d
USING (SELECT 1 as sdid) s
ON did = s.sdid
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge1 ', dauthor = 'regress_rls_alice';
-- Should be OK since USING and WITH CHECK quals pass
MERGE INTO document d
USING (SELECT 1 as sdid) s
ON did = s.sdid
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge2 ';
-- Even when dauthor is updated explicitly, but to the existing value
MERGE INTO document d
USING (SELECT 1 as sdid) s
ON did = s.sdid
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge3 ', dauthor = 'regress_rls_bob';
-- There is a MATCH for did = 3, but UPDATE's USING qual does not allow
-- updating an item in category 'science fiction'
MERGE INTO document d
USING (SELECT 3 as sdid) s
ON did = s.sdid
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge ';
-- The same thing with DELETE action, but fails again because no permissions
-- to delete items in 'science fiction' category that did 3 belongs to.
MERGE INTO document d
USING (SELECT 3 as sdid) s
ON did = s.sdid
WHEN MATCHED THEN
DELETE;
-- Document with did 4 belongs to 'manga' category which is allowed for
-- deletion. But this fails because the UPDATE action is matched first and
-- UPDATE policy does not allow updation in the category.
MERGE INTO document d
USING (SELECT 4 as sdid) s
ON did = s.sdid
WHEN MATCHED AND dnotes = '' THEN
UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge '
WHEN MATCHED THEN
DELETE;
-- UPDATE action is not matched this time because of the WHEN qual.
-- DELETE still fails because role regress_rls_bob does not have SELECT
-- privileges on 'manga' category row in the category table.
MERGE INTO document d
USING (SELECT 4 as sdid) s
ON did = s.sdid
WHEN MATCHED AND dnotes <> '' THEN
UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge '
WHEN MATCHED THEN
DELETE;
SELECT * FROM document WHERE did = 4;
-- Switch to regress_rls_carol role and try the DELETE again. It should succeed
-- this time
RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
MERGE INTO document d
USING (SELECT 4 as sdid) s
ON did = s.sdid
WHEN MATCHED AND dnotes <> '' THEN
UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge '
WHEN MATCHED THEN
DELETE;
-- Switch back to regress_rls_bob role
RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
-- Try INSERT action. This fails because we are trying to insert
-- dauthor = regress_rls_dave and INSERT's WITH CHECK does not allow
-- that
MERGE INTO document d
USING (SELECT 12 as sdid) s
ON did = s.sdid
WHEN MATCHED THEN
DELETE
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (12, 11, 1, 'regress_rls_dave', 'another novel');
-- This should be fine
MERGE INTO document d
USING (SELECT 12 as sdid) s
ON did = s.sdid
WHEN MATCHED THEN
DELETE
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (12, 11, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'another novel');
-- ok
MERGE INTO document d
USING (SELECT 1 as sdid) s
ON did = s.sdid
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge4 '
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (12, 11, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'another novel');
-- drop and create a new SELECT policy which prevents us from reading
-- any document except with category 'magna'
RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
DROP POLICY p1 ON document;
CREATE POLICY p1 ON document FOR SELECT
USING (cid = (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'manga'));
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
-- MERGE can no longer see the matching row and hence attempts the
-- NOT MATCHED action, which results in unique key violation
MERGE INTO document d
USING (SELECT 1 as sdid) s
ON did = s.sdid
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge5 '
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (12, 11, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'another novel');
RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
-- drop the restrictive SELECT policy so that we can look at the
-- final state of the table
DROP POLICY p1 ON document;
-- Just check everything went per plan
SELECT * FROM document;
--
-- ROLE/GROUP
--

33
src/test/regress/sql/rules.sql
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@ -1232,6 +1232,39 @@ CREATE RULE rules_parted_table_insert AS ON INSERT to rules_parted_table
ALTER RULE rules_parted_table_insert ON rules_parted_table RENAME TO rules_parted_table_insert_redirect;
DROP TABLE rules_parted_table;
--
-- test MERGE
--
CREATE TABLE rule_merge1 (a int, b text);
CREATE TABLE rule_merge2 (a int, b text);
CREATE RULE rule1 AS ON INSERT TO rule_merge1
DO INSTEAD INSERT INTO rule_merge2 VALUES (NEW.*);
CREATE RULE rule2 AS ON UPDATE TO rule_merge1
DO INSTEAD UPDATE rule_merge2 SET a = NEW.a, b = NEW.b
WHERE a = OLD.a;
CREATE RULE rule3 AS ON DELETE TO rule_merge1
DO INSTEAD DELETE FROM rule_merge2 WHERE a = OLD.a;
-- MERGE not supported for table with rules
MERGE INTO rule_merge1 t USING (SELECT 1 AS a) s
ON t.a = s.a
WHEN MATCHED AND t.a < 2 THEN
UPDATE SET b = b || ' updated by merge'
WHEN MATCHED AND t.a > 2 THEN
DELETE
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (s.a, '');
-- should be ok with the other table though
MERGE INTO rule_merge2 t USING (SELECT 1 AS a) s
ON t.a = s.a
WHEN MATCHED AND t.a < 2 THEN
UPDATE SET b = b || ' updated by merge'
WHEN MATCHED AND t.a > 2 THEN
DELETE
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES (s.a, '');
--
-- Test enabling/disabling
--

47
src/test/regress/sql/triggers.sql
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@ -2439,6 +2439,53 @@ delete from self_ref where a = 1;
drop table self_ref;
--
-- test transition tables with MERGE
--
create table merge_target_table (a int primary key, b text);
create trigger merge_target_table_insert_trig
after insert on merge_target_table referencing new table as new_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_insert();
create trigger merge_target_table_update_trig
after update on merge_target_table referencing old table as old_table new table as new_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_update();
create trigger merge_target_table_delete_trig
after delete on merge_target_table referencing old table as old_table
for each statement execute procedure dump_delete();
create table merge_source_table (a int, b text);
insert into merge_source_table
values (1, 'initial1'), (2, 'initial2'),
(3, 'initial3'), (4, 'initial4');
merge into merge_target_table t
using merge_source_table s
on t.a = s.a
when not matched then
insert values (a, b);
merge into merge_target_table t
using merge_source_table s
on t.a = s.a
when matched and s.a <= 2 then
update set b = t.b || ' updated by merge'
when matched and s.a > 2 then
delete
when not matched then
insert values (a, b);
merge into merge_target_table t
using merge_source_table s
on t.a = s.a
when matched and s.a <= 2 then
update set b = t.b || ' updated again by merge'
when matched and s.a > 2 then
delete
when not matched then
insert values (a, b);
drop table merge_source_table, merge_target_table;
-- cleanup
drop function dump_insert();
drop function dump_update();

56
src/test/regress/sql/with.sql
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@ -1270,6 +1270,62 @@ RETURNING k, v;
DROP TABLE withz;
-- WITH referenced by MERGE statement
CREATE TABLE m AS SELECT i AS k, (i || ' v')::text v FROM generate_series(1, 16, 3) i;
ALTER TABLE m ADD UNIQUE (k);
WITH RECURSIVE cte_basic AS (SELECT 1 a, 'cte_basic val' b)
MERGE INTO m USING (select 0 k, 'merge source SubPlan' v) o ON m.k=o.k
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || ' merge update' FROM cte_basic WHERE cte_basic.a = m.k LIMIT 1)
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES(o.k, o.v);
-- Basic:
WITH cte_basic AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT 1 a, 'cte_basic val' b)
MERGE INTO m USING (select 0 k, 'merge source SubPlan' v offset 0) o ON m.k=o.k
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || ' merge update' FROM cte_basic WHERE cte_basic.a = m.k LIMIT 1)
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES(o.k, o.v);
-- Examine
SELECT * FROM m where k = 0;
-- See EXPLAIN output for same query:
EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
WITH cte_basic AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT 1 a, 'cte_basic val' b)
MERGE INTO m USING (select 0 k, 'merge source SubPlan' v offset 0) o ON m.k=o.k
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || ' merge update' FROM cte_basic WHERE cte_basic.a = m.k LIMIT 1)
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES(o.k, o.v);
-- InitPlan
WITH cte_init AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT 1 a, 'cte_init val' b)
MERGE INTO m USING (select 1 k, 'merge source InitPlan' v offset 0) o ON m.k=o.k
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || ' merge update' FROM cte_init WHERE a = 1 LIMIT 1)
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES(o.k, o.v);
-- Examine
SELECT * FROM m where k = 1;
-- See EXPLAIN output for same query:
EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
WITH cte_init AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT 1 a, 'cte_init val' b)
MERGE INTO m USING (select 1 k, 'merge source InitPlan' v offset 0) o ON m.k=o.k
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || ' merge update' FROM cte_init WHERE a = 1 LIMIT 1)
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES(o.k, o.v);
-- MERGE source comes from CTE:
WITH merge_source_cte AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT 15 a, 'merge_source_cte val' b)
MERGE INTO m USING (select * from merge_source_cte) o ON m.k=o.a
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || merge_source_cte.*::text || ' merge update' FROM merge_source_cte WHERE a = 15)
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES(o.a, o.b || (SELECT merge_source_cte.*::text || ' merge insert' FROM merge_source_cte));
-- Examine
SELECT * FROM m where k = 15;
-- See EXPLAIN output for same query:
EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
WITH merge_source_cte AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT 15 a, 'merge_source_cte val' b)
MERGE INTO m USING (select * from merge_source_cte) o ON m.k=o.a
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET v = (SELECT b || merge_source_cte.*::text || ' merge update' FROM merge_source_cte WHERE a = 15)
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES(o.a, o.b || (SELECT merge_source_cte.*::text || ' merge insert' FROM merge_source_cte));
DROP TABLE m;
-- check that run to completion happens in proper ordering
TRUNCATE TABLE y;

4
src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list
Unescape View File

@ -1441,6 +1441,8 @@ MemoryContextCounters
MemoryContextData
MemoryContextMethods
MemoryStatsPrintFunc
MergeAction
MergeActionState
MergeAppend
MergeAppendPath
MergeAppendState
@ -1449,6 +1451,8 @@ MergeJoinClause
MergeJoinState
MergePath
MergeScanSelCache
MergeStmt
MergeWhenClause
MetaCommand
MinMaxAggInfo
MinMaxAggPath

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