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Use functional dependencies to estimate ScalarArrayOpExpr

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Until now functional dependencies supported only simple equality clauses
and clauses that can be trivially translated to equalities. This commit
allows estimation of some ScalarArrayOpExpr (IN/ANY) clauses.

For IN clauses we can do this thanks to using operator with equality
semantics, which means an IN clause

    WHERE c IN (1, 2, ..., N)

can be translated to

    WHERE (c = 1 OR c = 2 OR ... OR c = N)

IN clauses are now considered compatible with functional dependencies,
and rely on the same assumption of consistency of queries with data
(which is an assumption we already used for simple equality clauses).
This applies also to ALL clauses with an equality operator, which can be
considered equivalent to IN clause.

ALL clauses are still considered incompatible, although there's some
discussion about maybe relaxing this in the future.

Author: Pierre Ducroquet
Reviewed-by: Tomas Vondra, Dean Rasheed
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/13902317.Eha0YfKkKy%40pierred-pdoc
pull/51/head
Tomas Vondra 6 years ago
parent dbf95c843a
commit 8f321bd16c
4 changed files with 344 additions and 1 deletions
Show all changes Ignore whitespace when comparing lines Ignore changes in amount of whitespace Ignore changes in whitespace at EOL
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  1. 3
      doc/src/sgml/perform.sgml
  2. 38
      src/backend/statistics/dependencies.c
  3. 224
      src/test/regress/expected/stats_ext.out
  4. 80
      src/test/regress/sql/stats_ext.sql

3
doc/src/sgml/perform.sgml
Unescape View File

@ -1203,7 +1203,8 @@ SELECT stxname, stxkeys, stxddependencies
<para>
Functional dependencies are currently only applied when considering
simple equality conditions that compare columns to constant values.
simple equality conditions that compare columns to constant values,
and <literal>IN</literal> clauses with constant values.
They are not used to improve estimates for equality conditions
comparing two columns or comparing a column to an expression, nor for
range clauses, <literal>LIKE</literal> or any other type of condition.

38
src/backend/statistics/dependencies.c
Unescape View File

@ -801,6 +801,44 @@ dependency_is_compatible_clause(Node *clause, Index relid, AttrNumber *attnum)
/* OK to proceed with checking "var" */
}
else if (IsA(rinfo->clause, ScalarArrayOpExpr))
{
/* If it's an scalar array operator, check for Var IN Const. */
ScalarArrayOpExpr *expr = (ScalarArrayOpExpr *) rinfo->clause;
/*
* Reject ALL() variant, we only care about ANY/IN.
*
* FIXME Maybe we should check if all the values are the same, and
* allow ALL in that case? Doesn't seem very practical, though.
*/
if (!expr->useOr)
return false;
/* Only expressions with two arguments are candidates. */
if (list_length(expr->args) != 2)
return false;
/*
* We know it's always (Var IN Const), so we assume the var is the
* first argument, and pseudoconstant is the second one.
*/
if (!is_pseudo_constant_clause(lsecond(expr->args)))
return false;
var = linitial(expr->args);
/*
* If it's not an "=" operator, just ignore the clause, as it's not
* compatible with functional dependencies. The operator is identified
* simply by looking at which function it uses to estimate selectivity.
* That's a bit strange, but it's what other similar places do.
*/
if (get_oprrest(expr->opno) != F_EQSEL)
return false;
/* OK to proceed with checking "var" */
}
else if (is_notclause(rinfo->clause))
{
/*

224
src/test/regress/expected/stats_ext.out
Unescape View File

@ -421,6 +421,118 @@ SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE
1 | 50
(1 row)
-- IN
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 51) AND b = ''1''');
estimated | actual
-----------+--------
2 | 100
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 51) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'')');
estimated | actual
-----------+--------
4 | 100
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 2, 51, 52) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'')');
estimated | actual
-----------+--------
8 | 200
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 26, 51, 76) AND b IN (''1'', ''26'') AND c = 1');
estimated | actual
-----------+--------
1 | 200
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 26, 51, 76) AND b IN (''1'', ''26'') AND c IN (1)');
estimated | actual
-----------+--------
1 | 200
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 2, 26, 27, 51, 52, 76, 77) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'', ''26'', ''27'') AND c IN (1, 2)');
estimated | actual
-----------+--------
3 | 400
(1 row)
-- ANY
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 51]) AND b = ''1''');
estimated | actual
-----------+--------
2 | 100
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 51]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
estimated | actual
-----------+--------
4 | 100
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 51, 52]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
estimated | actual
-----------+--------
8 | 200
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 26, 51, 76]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''26'']) AND c = 1');
estimated | actual
-----------+--------
1 | 200
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 26, 51, 76]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''26'']) AND c = ANY (ARRAY[1])');
estimated | actual
-----------+--------
1 | 200
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 26, 27, 51, 52, 76, 77]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2'', ''26'', ''27'']) AND c = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2])');
estimated | actual
-----------+--------
3 | 400
(1 row)
-- ANY with inequalities should not benefit from functional dependencies
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a < ANY (ARRAY[1, 51]) AND b > ''1''');
estimated | actual
-----------+--------
2472 | 2400
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a >= ANY (ARRAY[1, 51]) AND b <= ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
estimated | actual
-----------+--------
1441 | 1250
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a <= ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 51, 52]) AND b >= ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
estimated | actual
-----------+--------
3909 | 2550
(1 row)
-- ALL (should not benefit from functional dependencies)
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 51) AND b = ALL (ARRAY[''1''])');
estimated | actual
-----------+--------
2 | 100
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 51) AND b = ALL (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
estimated | actual
-----------+--------
1 | 0
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 2, 51, 52) AND b = ALL (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
estimated | actual
-----------+--------
1 | 0
(1 row)
-- create statistics
CREATE STATISTICS func_deps_stat (dependencies) ON a, b, c FROM functional_dependencies;
ANALYZE functional_dependencies;
@ -436,6 +548,118 @@ SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE
50 | 50
(1 row)
-- IN
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 51) AND b = ''1''');
estimated | actual
-----------+--------
100 | 100
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 51) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'')');
estimated | actual
-----------+--------
100 | 100
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 2, 51, 52) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'')');
estimated | actual
-----------+--------
200 | 200
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 26, 51, 76) AND b IN (''1'', ''26'') AND c = 1');
estimated | actual
-----------+--------
200 | 200
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 26, 51, 76) AND b IN (''1'', ''26'') AND c IN (1)');
estimated | actual
-----------+--------
200 | 200
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 2, 26, 27, 51, 52, 76, 77) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'', ''26'', ''27'') AND c IN (1, 2)');
estimated | actual
-----------+--------
400 | 400
(1 row)
-- ANY
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 51]) AND b = ''1''');
estimated | actual
-----------+--------
100 | 100
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 51]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
estimated | actual
-----------+--------
100 | 100
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 51, 52]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
estimated | actual
-----------+--------
200 | 200
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 26, 51, 76]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''26'']) AND c = 1');
estimated | actual
-----------+--------
200 | 200
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 26, 51, 76]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''26'']) AND c = ANY (ARRAY[1])');
estimated | actual
-----------+--------
200 | 200
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 26, 27, 51, 52, 76, 77]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2'', ''26'', ''27'']) AND c = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2])');
estimated | actual
-----------+--------
400 | 400
(1 row)
-- ANY with inequalities should not benefit from functional dependencies
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a < ANY (ARRAY[1, 51]) AND b > ''1''');
estimated | actual
-----------+--------
2472 | 2400
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a >= ANY (ARRAY[1, 51]) AND b <= ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
estimated | actual
-----------+--------
1441 | 1250
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a <= ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 51, 52]) AND b >= ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
estimated | actual
-----------+--------
3909 | 2550
(1 row)
-- ALL (should not benefit from functional dependencies)
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 51) AND b = ALL (ARRAY[''1''])');
estimated | actual
-----------+--------
2 | 100
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 51) AND b = ALL (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
estimated | actual
-----------+--------
1 | 0
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 2, 51, 52) AND b = ALL (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
estimated | actual
-----------+--------
1 | 0
(1 row)
-- check change of column type doesn't break it
ALTER TABLE functional_dependencies ALTER COLUMN c TYPE numeric;
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1'' AND c = 1');

80
src/test/regress/sql/stats_ext.sql
Unescape View File

@ -273,6 +273,46 @@ SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1'' AND c = 1');
-- IN
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 51) AND b = ''1''');
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 51) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'')');
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 2, 51, 52) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'')');
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 26, 51, 76) AND b IN (''1'', ''26'') AND c = 1');
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 26, 51, 76) AND b IN (''1'', ''26'') AND c IN (1)');
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 2, 26, 27, 51, 52, 76, 77) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'', ''26'', ''27'') AND c IN (1, 2)');
-- ANY
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 51]) AND b = ''1''');
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 51]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 51, 52]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 26, 51, 76]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''26'']) AND c = 1');
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 26, 51, 76]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''26'']) AND c = ANY (ARRAY[1])');
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 26, 27, 51, 52, 76, 77]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2'', ''26'', ''27'']) AND c = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2])');
-- ANY with inequalities should not benefit from functional dependencies
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a < ANY (ARRAY[1, 51]) AND b > ''1''');
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a >= ANY (ARRAY[1, 51]) AND b <= ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a <= ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 51, 52]) AND b >= ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
-- ALL (should not benefit from functional dependencies)
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 51) AND b = ALL (ARRAY[''1''])');
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 51) AND b = ALL (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 2, 51, 52) AND b = ALL (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
-- create statistics
CREATE STATISTICS func_deps_stat (dependencies) ON a, b, c FROM functional_dependencies;
@ -282,6 +322,46 @@ SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = 1 AND b = ''1'' AND c = 1');
-- IN
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 51) AND b = ''1''');
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 51) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'')');
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 2, 51, 52) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'')');
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 26, 51, 76) AND b IN (''1'', ''26'') AND c = 1');
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 26, 51, 76) AND b IN (''1'', ''26'') AND c IN (1)');
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 2, 26, 27, 51, 52, 76, 77) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'', ''26'', ''27'') AND c IN (1, 2)');
-- ANY
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 51]) AND b = ''1''');
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 51]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 51, 52]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 26, 51, 76]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''26'']) AND c = 1');
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 26, 51, 76]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''26'']) AND c = ANY (ARRAY[1])');
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 26, 27, 51, 52, 76, 77]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2'', ''26'', ''27'']) AND c = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2])');
-- ANY with inequalities should not benefit from functional dependencies
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a < ANY (ARRAY[1, 51]) AND b > ''1''');
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a >= ANY (ARRAY[1, 51]) AND b <= ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a <= ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 51, 52]) AND b >= ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
-- ALL (should not benefit from functional dependencies)
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 51) AND b = ALL (ARRAY[''1''])');
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 51) AND b = ALL (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM functional_dependencies WHERE a IN (1, 2, 51, 52) AND b = ALL (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
-- check change of column type doesn't break it
ALTER TABLE functional_dependencies ALTER COLUMN c TYPE numeric;

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