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Include new cidr and inet data types.

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REL6_4
Thomas G. Lockhart 28 years ago
parent 866104b3df
commit e9f10b22f4
3 changed files with 391 additions and 25 deletions
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  1. 186
      doc/src/sgml/datatype.sgml
  2. 59
      doc/src/sgml/func.sgml
  3. 171
      doc/src/sgml/oper.sgml

186
doc/src/sgml/datatype.sgml
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@ -58,6 +58,11 @@ several possibilities for formats, such as date and time types.
<ENTRY>character(n)</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>fixed-length character string</ENTRY>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<ENTRY>cidr</ENTRY>
<ENTRY></ENTRY>
<ENTRY>IP version 4 network or host address</ENTRY>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<ENTRY>circle</ENTRY>
<ENTRY></ENTRY>
@ -78,6 +83,11 @@ several possibilities for formats, such as date and time types.
<ENTRY>real, double precision</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>double-precision floating-point number</ENTRY>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<ENTRY>inet</ENTRY>
<ENTRY></ENTRY>
<ENTRY>IP version 4 network or host address</ENTRY>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<ENTRY>int2</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>smallint</ENTRY>
@ -163,6 +173,14 @@ several possibilities for formats, such as date and time types.
</TABLE>
</Para>
<para>
<note>
<para>
The <type>cidr</type> and <type>inet</type> types are designed to handle any IP type
but only ipv4 is handled in the current implementation.
Everything here that talks about ipv4 will apply to ipv6 in a future release.
</note>
<Para>
<TABLE TOCENTRY="1">
<TITLE><ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> Function Constants</TITLE>
@ -500,17 +518,21 @@ This is set at compile time and may change in a future release.
<Para>
There are two fundamental kinds of date and time measurements:
clock time and time interval.
Both quantities have continuity and smoothness, as does time itself.
absolute clock times and relative time intervals.
Both quantities should demonstrate continuity and smoothness, as does time itself.
<ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> supplies two primary user-oriented
date and time types,
<Type>datetime</Type> and timespan, as well as
the related <acronym>SQL92</acronym> types date and time.
<Type>datetime</Type> and <Type>timespan</Type>, as well as
the related <acronym>SQL92</acronym> types <Type>timestamp</Type>,
<Type>interval</Type>,
<Type>date</Type> and <Type>time</Type>.
</Para>
<Para>
Other date and time types are available
also, mostly
In a future release, <Type>datetime</Type> and <Type>timespan</Type> are likely
to merge with the <acronym>SQL92</acronym> types <Type>timestamp</Type>,
<Type>interval</Type>.
Other date and time types are also available, mostly
for historical reasons.
</Para>
@ -579,6 +601,9 @@ for historical reasons.
</TBODY>
</TGROUP>
</TABLE>
<type>timestamp</type> is currently implemented separately from
<type>datetime</type>, although they share input and output routines.
</Para>
<Para>
@ -652,13 +677,26 @@ for historical reasons.
<ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> endevours to be compatible with
<Acronym>SQL92</Acronym> definitions for typical usage.
The <Acronym>SQL92</Acronym> standard has an odd mix of date and
time types and capabilities. For example, although the date type
time types and capabilities. Two obvious problems are:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Although the <type>date</type> type
does not have an associated time zone, the
time type can. The default time zone is specified as a constant offset
from GMT/UTC;
however, time zones in the real world can have no meaning unless
associated with a date as well
as a time since the offset will vary through the year.
<type>time</type> type can or does.
<listitem>
<para>
The default time zone is specified as a constant integer offset
from GMT/UTC.
</itemizedlist>
However, time zones in the real world can have no meaning unless
associated with a date as well as a time
since the offset may vary through the year with daylight savings
time boundaries.
<Para>
To address these difficulties, <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>
@ -1412,3 +1450,127 @@ Circles are output using the first syntax.
</Sect1>
<Sect1>
<Title>IP Version 4 Networks and Host Addresses</Title>
<Para>
The <Type>cidr</Type> type stores networks specified
in <acronym>CIDR</acronym> notation.
The <Type>inet</Type> type stores hosts and networks in CIDR notation.
</Para>
<Para>
<TABLE TOCENTRY="1">
<TITLE><ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>IP Version 4 Type</TITLE>
<TITLEABBREV>IPV4</TITLEABBREV>
<TGROUP COLS="4">
<THEAD>
<ROW>
<ENTRY>IPV4 Type</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>Storage</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>Description</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>Range</ENTRY>
</ROW>
</THEAD>
<TBODY>
<ROW>
<ENTRY>cidr</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>variable</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>CIDR networks</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>Valid IPV4 CIDR blocks</ENTRY>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<ENTRY>inet</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>variable</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>nets and hosts</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>Valid IPV4 CIDR blocks</ENTRY>
</ROW>
</TBODY>
</TGROUP>
</TABLE>
</Para>
<Sect2>
<Title><type>inet</type> for IP Networks</Title>
<Para>
The cidr type holds a CIDR network.
The format for specifying networks is "x.x.x.x/y" where "x.x.x.x" is the
network and "/y" is the number of bits in the netmask.
If the "/y" part is left off, it is calculated using assumptions from
the old class system except that it is extended to include at least
all of the octets in the input.
Here are some examples.
<!-- There's a lot of examples here.
-- Take some out if you think there are too many...
-->
<Para>
<TABLE TOCENTRY="1">
<TGROUP COLS="4">
<THEAD>
<ROW>
<ENTRY>Input</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>Output</ENTRY>
</THEAD>
<TBODY>
<ROW>
<ENTRY>select '192.168.1'::cidr</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>192.168.1/24</ENTRY>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<ENTRY>select '192.168'::cidr</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>192.168.0/24</ENTRY>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<ENTRY>select '128.1'::cidr</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>128.1/16</ENTRY>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<ENTRY>select '128':::cidr</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>128.0/16</ENTRY>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<ENTRY>select '128.1.2'::cidr</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>128.1.2/24</ENTRY>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<ENTRY>select '10.1.2'::cidr</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>10.1.2/24</ENTRY>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<ENTRY>select '10.1'::cidr</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>10.1/16</ENTRY>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<ENTRY>select '10'::cidr</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>10/8</ENTRY>
</ROW>
</TBODY>
</TGROUP>
</TABLE>
</Para>
<Sect2>
<Title><type>inet</type> for IP Networks</Title>
<Para>
The inet type is designed to hold, in one field, all of the information
about a host including the CIDR style subnet that it is in.
Note that if you want to store proper CIDR networks, see the cidr type.
The inet type is similar to the cidr type except that the bits in the
host part can be non-zero.
Functions exist to extract the various elements of the field.
</Para>
<Para>
The input format for this function is "x.x.x.x/y" where "x.x.x.x" is
an internet host and y is the number of bits in the netmask.
If the "/y" part is left off, it is treated as "/32."
On output, the "/y" part is not printed if it is /32.
This allows the type to be used as a straight host type by just leaving of
the bits part.
</Sect1>
</chapter>

59
doc/src/sgml/func.sgml
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@ -624,5 +624,64 @@ support functions.
</TABLE>
</Para>
<sect1>
<title id="cidr-funcs">IP V4 Functions</title>
<Para>
<TABLE TOCENTRY="1">
<TITLE><ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>IP V4 Functions</TITLE>
<TGROUP COLS="4">
<THEAD>
<ROW>
<ENTRY>Function</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>Returns</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>Description</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>Example</ENTRY>
</ROW>
</THEAD>
<TBODY>
<ROW>
<ENTRY> broadcast(cidr) </ENTRY>
<ENTRY> text </ENTRY>
<ENTRY> construct broadcast address as text </ENTRY>
<ENTRY> broadcast('192.168.1.5/24') ==> '192.168.1.255' </ENTRY>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<ENTRY> broadcast(inet) </ENTRY>
<ENTRY> text </ENTRY>
<ENTRY> construct broadcast address as text </ENTRY>
<ENTRY> broadcast('192.168.1.5/24') ==> '192.168.1.255' </ENTRY>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<ENTRY> host(inet) </ENTRY>
<ENTRY> text </ENTRY>
<ENTRY> extract host address as text </ENTRY>
<ENTRY> host('192.168.1.5/24') ==> '192.168.1.5' </ENTRY>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<ENTRY> masklen(cidr) </ENTRY>
<ENTRY> int4 </ENTRY>
<ENTRY> calculate netmask length </ENTRY>
<ENTRY> masklen('192.168.1.5/24') ==> 24</ENTRY>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<ENTRY> masklen(inet) </ENTRY>
<ENTRY> int4 </ENTRY>
<ENTRY> calculate netmask length </ENTRY>
<ENTRY> masklen('192.168.1.5/24') ==> 24 </ENTRY>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<ENTRY> netmask(inet) </ENTRY>
<ENTRY> text </ENTRY>
<ENTRY> construct netmask as text </ENTRY>
<ENTRY> netmask('192.168.1.5/24') ==> '255.255.255.0' </ENTRY>
</ROW>
</TBODY>
</TGROUP>
</TABLE>
</Para>
</Sect1>
</chapter>

171
doc/src/sgml/oper.sgml
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@ -32,6 +32,25 @@ oprleft|oprright|oprresult|oprcode
</ProgramListing>
</Para>
<Para>
Users may invoke operators using the operator name, as in:
<ProgramListing>
select * from emp where salary < 40000;
</ProgramListing>
Alternatively, users may call the functions that implement the
operators directly. In this case, the query above would be expressed
as:
<ProgramListing>
select * from emp where int4lt(salary, 40000);
</ProgramListing>
<Para>
<Application>psql</Application>
has a command (<Command>\dd</Command>) to show these operators.
<sect1>
<title>Lexical Precedence</title>
@ -633,23 +652,149 @@ are several operators for this type.
</TABLE>
</Para>
<Sect1>
<title id="cidr-opers">IP V4 Operators</title>
<Para>
Users may invoke operators using the operator name, as in:
<ProgramListing>
select * from emp where salary < 40000;
</ProgramListing>
<TABLE TOCENTRY="1">
<TITLE><ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>IP V4 Operators</TITLE>
<TITLEABBREV>Operators</TITLEABBREV>
<TGROUP COLS="3">
<THEAD>
<ROW>
<ENTRY>Operator</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>Description</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>Usage</ENTRY>
</ROW>
</THEAD>
<TBODY>
<ROW>
<ENTRY> &lt; </ENTRY>
<ENTRY>Less than</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>'192.168.1.5'::cidr &lt; '192.168.1.6'::cidr</ENTRY>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<ENTRY> &lt;= </ENTRY>
<ENTRY>Less than or equal</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>'192.168.1.5'::cidr &lt;= '192.168.1.5'::cidr</ENTRY>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<ENTRY> = </ENTRY>
<ENTRY>Equals</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>'192.168.1.5'::cidr = '192.168.1.5'::cidr</ENTRY>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<ENTRY> %gt;= </ENTRY>
<ENTRY>Greater or equal</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>'192.168.1.5'::cidr &gt;= '192.168.1.5'::cidr</ENTRY>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<ENTRY> %gt; </ENTRY>
<ENTRY>Greater</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>'192.168.1.5'::cidr %gt; '192.168.1.4'::cidr</ENTRY>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<ENTRY> &lt;&gt; </ENTRY>
<ENTRY>Not equal</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>'192.168.1.5'::cidr &lt;&gt; '192.168.1.4'::cidr</ENTRY>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<ENTRY> &lt;&lt; </ENTRY>
<ENTRY>is contained within</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>'192.168.1.5'::cidr &lt;&lt; '192.168.1/24'::cidr</ENTRY>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<ENTRY> &lt;&lt;= </ENTRY>
<ENTRY>is contained within or equals</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>'192.168.1/24'::cidr &lt;&lt;= '192.168.1/24'::cidr</ENTRY>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<ENTRY> &gt;&gt; </ENTRY>
<ENTRY>contains</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>'192.168.1/24'::cidr &gt;&gt; '192.168.1.5'::cidr</ENTRY>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<ENTRY> &gt;&gt;= </ENTRY>
<ENTRY>contains or equals</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>'192.168.1/24'::cidr &gt;&gt;= '192.168.1/24'::cidr</ENTRY>
</ROW>
</TBODY>
</TGROUP>
</TABLE>
</Para>
</Sect1>
Alternatively, users may call the functions that implement the
operators directly. In this case, the query above would be expressed
as:
<ProgramListing>
select * from emp where int4lt(salary, 40000);
</ProgramListing>
<Sect1>
<title id="inet-opers">IP V4 Operators</title>
<Para>
<Application>psql</Application>
has a command (<Command>\dd</Command>) to show these operators.
<TABLE TOCENTRY="1">
<TITLE><ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>IP V4 Operators</TITLE>
<TITLEABBREV>Operators</TITLEABBREV>
<TGROUP COLS="3">
<THEAD>
<ROW>
<ENTRY>Operator</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>Description</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>Usage</ENTRY>
</ROW>
</THEAD>
<TBODY>
<ROW>
<ENTRY> &lt; </ENTRY>
<ENTRY>Less than</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>'192.168.1.5'::inet &lt; '192.168.1.6'::inet</ENTRY>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<ENTRY> &lt;= </ENTRY>
<ENTRY>Less than or equal</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>'192.168.1.5'::inet &lt;= '192.168.1.5'::inet</ENTRY>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<ENTRY> = </ENTRY>
<ENTRY>Equals</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>'192.168.1.5'::inet = '192.168.1.5'::inet</ENTRY>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<ENTRY> %gt;= </ENTRY>
<ENTRY>Greater or equal</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>'192.168.1.5'::inet &gt;= '192.168.1.5'::inet</ENTRY>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<ENTRY> %gt; </ENTRY>
<ENTRY>Greater</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>'192.168.1.5'::inet %gt; '192.168.1.4'::inet</ENTRY>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<ENTRY> &lt;&gt; </ENTRY>
<ENTRY>Not equal</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>'192.168.1.5'::inet &lt;&gt; '192.168.1.4'::inet</ENTRY>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<ENTRY> &lt;&lt; </ENTRY>
<ENTRY>is contained within</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>'192.168.1.5'::inet &lt;&lt; '192.168.1/24'::inet</ENTRY>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<ENTRY> &lt;&lt;= </ENTRY>
<ENTRY>is contained within or equals</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>'192.168.1/24'::inet &lt;&lt;= '192.168.1/24'::inet</ENTRY>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<ENTRY> &gt;&gt; </ENTRY>
<ENTRY>contains</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>'192.168.1/24'::inet &gt;&gt; '192.168.1.5'::inet</ENTRY>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<ENTRY> &gt;&gt;= </ENTRY>
<ENTRY>contains or equals</ENTRY>
<ENTRY>'192.168.1/24'::inet &gt;&gt;= '192.168.1/24'::inet</ENTRY>
</ROW>
</TBODY>
</TGROUP>
</TABLE>
</Para>
</Sect1>
</Chapter>

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