Introduce PG_TEST_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT for TAP suite non-elapsing timeouts.

Slow hosts may avoid load-induced, spurious failures by setting
environment variable PG_TEST_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT to some number of seconds
greater than 180.  Developers may see faster failures by setting that
environment variable to some lesser number of seconds.  In tests, write
$PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default wherever the convention has
been to write 180.  This change raises the default for some briefer
timeouts.  Back-patch to v10 (all supported versions).

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20220218052842.GA3627003@rfd.leadboat.com

contrib/amcheck/t/002_cic.pl

@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ my ($node, $result);
 #
 $node = PostgreSQL::Test::Cluster->new('CIC_test');
 $node->init;
-$node->append_conf('postgresql.conf', 'lock_timeout = 180000');
+$node->append_conf('postgresql.conf',
+	'lock_timeout = ' . (1000 * $PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default));
 $node->start;
 $node->safe_psql('postgres', q(CREATE EXTENSION amcheck));
 $node->safe_psql('postgres', q(CREATE TABLE tbl(i int)));

contrib/amcheck/t/003_cic_2pc.pl

@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@ my ($node, $result);
 $node = PostgreSQL::Test::Cluster->new('CIC_2PC_test');
 $node->init;
 $node->append_conf('postgresql.conf', 'max_prepared_transactions = 10');
-$node->append_conf('postgresql.conf', 'lock_timeout = 180000');
+$node->append_conf('postgresql.conf',
+	'lock_timeout = ' . (1000 * $PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default));
 $node->start;
 $node->safe_psql('postgres', q(CREATE EXTENSION amcheck));
 $node->safe_psql('postgres', q(CREATE TABLE tbl(i int)));
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ $node->safe_psql('postgres', q(CREATE TABLE tbl(i int)));
 
 my $main_in    = '';
 my $main_out   = '';
-my $main_timer = IPC::Run::timeout(180);
+my $main_timer = IPC::Run::timeout($PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default);
 
 my $main_h =
   $node->background_psql('postgres', \$main_in, \$main_out,
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ pump $main_h until $main_out =~ /syncpoint1/ || $main_timer->is_expired;
 
 my $cic_in    = '';
 my $cic_out   = '';
-my $cic_timer = IPC::Run::timeout(180);
+my $cic_timer = IPC::Run::timeout($PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default);
 my $cic_h =
   $node->background_psql('postgres', \$cic_in, \$cic_out,
 	$cic_timer, on_error_stop => 1);
@@ -113,9 +114,10 @@ PREPARE TRANSACTION 'persists_forever';
 ));
 $node->restart;
 
-my $reindex_in    = '';
-my $reindex_out   = '';
-my $reindex_timer = IPC::Run::timeout(180);
+my $reindex_in  = '';
+my $reindex_out = '';
+my $reindex_timer =
+  IPC::Run::timeout($PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default);
 my $reindex_h =
   $node->background_psql('postgres', \$reindex_in, \$reindex_out,
 	$reindex_timer, on_error_stop => 1);

src/bin/pg_ctl/t/004_logrotate.pl

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ sub check_log_pattern
 	my $node     = shift;
 	my $lfname   = fetch_file_name($logfiles, $format);
 
-	my $max_attempts = 180 * 10;
+	my $max_attempts = 10 * $PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default;
 
 	my $logcontents;
 	for (my $attempts = 0; $attempts < $max_attempts; $attempts++)
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ $node->start();
 $node->psql('postgres', 'SELECT 1/0');
 
 # might need to retry if logging collector process is slow...
-my $max_attempts = 180 * 10;
+my $max_attempts = 10 * $PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default;
 
 my $current_logfiles;
 for (my $attempts = 0; $attempts < $max_attempts; $attempts++)

src/bin/pg_dump/t/002_pg_dump.pl

@@ -295,7 +295,8 @@ my %pgdump_runs = (
 			'--no-sync',
 			"--file=$tempdir/only_dump_test_table.sql",
 			'--table=dump_test.test_table',
-			'--lock-wait-timeout=1000000',
+			'--lock-wait-timeout='
+			  . (1000 * $PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default),
 			'postgres',
 		],
 	},

src/bin/psql/t/010_tab_completion.pl

@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ close $FH;
 my $in  = '';
 my $out = '';
 
-my $timer = timer(5);
+my $timer = timer($PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default);
 
 my $h = $node->interactive_psql('postgres', \$in, \$out, $timer);
 
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ sub check_completion
 	# reset output collector
 	$out = "";
 	# restart per-command timer
-	$timer->start(5);
+	$timer->start($PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default);
 	# send the data to be sent
 	$in .= $send;
 	# wait ...
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ check_completion("blarg \t\t", qr//, "check completion failure path");
 clear_query();
 
 # send psql an explicit \q to shut it down, else pty won't close properly
-$timer->start(5);
+$timer->start($PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default);
 $in .= "\\q\n";
 finish $h or die "psql returned $?";
 $timer->reset;

src/bin/psql/t/020_cancel.pl

@@ -46,12 +46,13 @@ SKIP: {
 	my $psql_pid;
 	until (-s "$tempdir/psql.pid" and ($psql_pid = PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::slurp_file("$tempdir/psql.pid")) =~ /^\d+\n/s)
 	{
-		($count++ < 180 * 100) or die "pid file did not appear";
+		($count++ < 100 * $PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default)
+		  or die "pid file did not appear";
 		usleep(10_000)
 	}
 
 	# Send sleep command and wait until the server has registered it
-	$stdin = "select pg_sleep(180);\n";
+	$stdin = "select pg_sleep($PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default);\n";
 	pump $h while length $stdin;
 	$node->poll_query_until('postgres', q{SELECT (SELECT count(*) FROM pg_stat_activity WHERE query ~ '^select pg_sleep') > 0;})
 	  or die "timed out";

src/bin/scripts/t/080_pg_isready.pl

@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ my $node = PostgreSQL::Test::Cluster->new('main');
 $node->init;
 $node->start;
 
-# use a long timeout for the benefit of very slow buildfarm machines
-$node->command_ok([qw(pg_isready --timeout=60)],
+$node->command_ok(
+	[ 'pg_isready', "--timeout=$PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default" ],
 	'succeeds with server running');
 
 done_testing();

src/test/perl/PostgreSQL/Test/Cluster.pm

@@ -36,7 +36,8 @@ PostgreSQL::Test::Cluster - class representing PostgreSQL server instance
   my ($stdout, $stderr, $timed_out);
   my $cmdret = $node->psql('postgres', 'SELECT pg_sleep(600)',
 	  stdout => \$stdout, stderr => \$stderr,
-	  timeout => 180, timed_out => \$timed_out,
+	  timeout => $PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default,
+	  timed_out => \$timed_out,
 	  extra_params => ['--single-transaction'],
 	  on_error_die => 1)
   print "Sleep timed out" if $timed_out;
@@ -1723,7 +1724,8 @@ e.g.
 	my ($stdout, $stderr, $timed_out);
 	my $cmdret = $node->psql('postgres', 'SELECT pg_sleep(600)',
 		stdout => \$stdout, stderr => \$stderr,
-		timeout => 180, timed_out => \$timed_out,
+		timeout => $PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default,
+		timed_out => \$timed_out,
 		extra_params => ['--single-transaction'])
 
 will set $cmdret to undef and $timed_out to a true value.
@@ -1897,7 +1899,8 @@ scalar reference.  This allows the caller to act on other parts of the system
 while idling this backend.
 
 The specified timer object is attached to the harness, as well.  It's caller's
-responsibility to select the timeout length, and to restart the timer after
+responsibility to set the timeout length (usually
+$PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default), and to restart the timer after
 each command if the timeout is per-command.
 
 psql is invoked in tuples-only unaligned mode with reading of B<.psqlrc>
@@ -1985,9 +1988,10 @@ The process's stdin is sourced from the $stdin scalar reference,
 and its stdout and stderr go to the $stdout scalar reference.
 ptys are used so that psql thinks it's being called interactively.
 
-The specified timer object is attached to the harness, as well.
-It's caller's responsibility to select the timeout length, and to
-restart the timer after each command if the timeout is per-command.
+The specified timer object is attached to the harness, as well.  It's caller's
+responsibility to set the timeout length (usually
+$PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default), and to restart the timer after
+each command if the timeout is per-command.
 
 psql is invoked in tuples-only unaligned mode with reading of B<.psqlrc>
 disabled.  That may be overridden by passing extra psql parameters.
@@ -2303,7 +2307,7 @@ sub connect_fails
 Run B<$query> repeatedly, until it returns the B<$expected> result
 ('t', or SQL boolean true, by default).
 Continues polling if B<psql> returns an error result.
-Times out after 180 seconds.
+Times out after $PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default seconds.
 Returns 1 if successful, 0 if timed out.
 
 =cut
@@ -2321,7 +2325,7 @@ sub poll_query_until
 		'-d',                             $self->connstr($dbname)
 	];
 	my ($stdout, $stderr);
-	my $max_attempts = 180 * 10;
+	my $max_attempts = 10 * $PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default;
 	my $attempts     = 0;
 
 	while ($attempts < $max_attempts)
@@ -2343,8 +2347,8 @@ sub poll_query_until
 		$attempts++;
 	}
 
-	# The query result didn't change in 180 seconds. Give up. Print the
-	# output from the last attempt, hopefully that's useful for debugging.
+	# Give up. Print the output from the last attempt, hopefully that's useful
+	# for debugging.
 	diag qq(poll_query_until timed out executing this query:
 $query
 expecting this output:
@@ -2657,7 +2661,7 @@ sub wait_for_slot_catchup
 
 Waits for the contents of the server log file, starting at the given offset, to
 match the supplied regular expression.  Checks the entire log if no offset is
-given.  Times out after 180 seconds.
+given.  Times out after $PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default seconds.
 
 If successful, returns the length of the entire log file, in bytes.
 
@@ -2668,7 +2672,7 @@ sub wait_for_log
 	my ($self, $regexp, $offset) = @_;
 	$offset = 0 unless defined $offset;
 
-	my $max_attempts = 180 * 10;
+	my $max_attempts = 10 * $PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default;
 	my $attempts     = 0;
 
 	while ($attempts < $max_attempts)
@@ -2683,7 +2687,6 @@ sub wait_for_log
 		$attempts++;
 	}
 
-	# The logs didn't match within 180 seconds. Give up.
 	croak "timed out waiting for match: $regexp";
 }
 

src/test/perl/PostgreSQL/Test/Utils.pm

@@ -91,8 +91,8 @@ our @EXPORT = qw(
   $use_unix_sockets
 );
 
-our ($windows_os, $is_msys2, $use_unix_sockets, $tmp_check, $log_path,
-	$test_logfile);
+our ($windows_os, $is_msys2, $use_unix_sockets, $timeout_default,
+	$tmp_check, $log_path, $test_logfile);
 
 BEGIN
 {
@@ -157,6 +157,10 @@ BEGIN
 	# supported, but it can be overridden if desired.
 	$use_unix_sockets =
 	  (!$windows_os || defined $ENV{PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS});
+
+	$timeout_default = $ENV{PG_TEST_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT};
+	$timeout_default = 180
+	  if not defined $timeout_default or $timeout_default eq '';
 }
 
 =pod

src/test/perl/README

@@ -23,6 +23,12 @@ tmp_check/log/ to get more info.  Files named 'regress_log_XXX' are log
 output from the perl test scripts themselves, and should be examined first.
 Other files are postmaster logs, and may be helpful as additional data.
 
+The tests default to a timeout of 180 seconds for many individual operations.
+Slow hosts may avoid load-induced, spurious failures by setting environment
+variable PG_TEST_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT to some number of seconds greater than 180.
+Developers may see faster failures by setting that environment variable to
+some lesser number of seconds.
+
 Data directories will also be left behind for analysis when a test fails;
 they are named according to the test filename.  But if the environment
 variable PG_TEST_NOCLEAN is set, data directories will be retained

src/test/recovery/t/003_recovery_targets.pl

@@ -172,8 +172,8 @@ run_log(
 		$node_standby->logfile, 'start'
 	]);
 
-# wait up to 180s for postgres to terminate
-foreach my $i (0 .. 1800)
+# wait for postgres to terminate
+foreach my $i (0 .. 10 * $PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default)
 {
 	last if !-f $node_standby->data_dir . '/postmaster.pid';
 	usleep(100_000);

src/test/recovery/t/006_logical_decoding.pl

@@ -107,7 +107,8 @@ $node_primary->safe_psql('postgres',
 );
 
 my $stdout_recv = $node_primary->pg_recvlogical_upto(
-	'postgres', 'test_slot', $endpos, 180,
+	'postgres', 'test_slot', $endpos,
+	$PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default,
 	'include-xids'     => '0',
 	'skip-empty-xacts' => '1');
 chomp($stdout_recv);
@@ -119,7 +120,8 @@ $node_primary->poll_query_until('postgres',
 ) or die "slot never became inactive";
 
 $stdout_recv = $node_primary->pg_recvlogical_upto(
-	'postgres', 'test_slot', $endpos, 180,
+	'postgres', 'test_slot', $endpos,
+	$PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default,
 	'include-xids'     => '0',
 	'skip-empty-xacts' => '1');
 chomp($stdout_recv);

src/test/recovery/t/010_logical_decoding_timelines.pl

@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ like(
 ($ret, $stdout, $stderr) = $node_replica->psql(
 	'postgres',
 	"SELECT data FROM pg_logical_slot_peek_changes('before_basebackup', NULL, NULL, 'include-xids', '0', 'skip-empty-xacts', '1');",
-	timeout => 180);
+	timeout => $PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default);
 is($ret, 0, 'replay from slot before_basebackup succeeds');
 
 my $final_expected_output_bb = q(BEGIN
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ my $endpos = $node_replica->safe_psql('postgres',
 
 $stdout = $node_replica->pg_recvlogical_upto(
 	'postgres', 'before_basebackup',
-	$endpos,    180,
+	$endpos,    $PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default,
 	'include-xids'     => '0',
 	'skip-empty-xacts' => '1');
 

src/test/recovery/t/013_crash_restart.pl

@@ -18,11 +18,7 @@ use PostgreSQL::Test::Utils;
 use Test::More;
 use Config;
 
-# To avoid hanging while expecting some specific input from a psql
-# instance being driven by us, add a timeout high enough that it
-# should never trigger even on very slow machines, unless something
-# is really wrong.
-my $psql_timeout = IPC::Run::timer(60);
+my $psql_timeout = IPC::Run::timer($PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default);
 
 my $node = PostgreSQL::Test::Cluster->new('primary');
 $node->init(allows_streaming => 1);

src/test/recovery/t/017_shm.pl

@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ my $slow_client = IPC::Run::start(
 	\$stdout,
 	'2>',
 	\$stderr,
-	IPC::Run::timeout(900));    # five times the poll_query_until timeout
+	IPC::Run::timeout(5 * $PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default));
 ok( $gnat->poll_query_until(
 		'postgres',
 		"SELECT 1 FROM pg_stat_activity WHERE query = '$slow_query'", '1'),
@@ -143,10 +143,11 @@ $gnat->kill9;
 unlink($gnat->data_dir . '/postmaster.pid');
 $gnat->rotate_logfile;    # on Windows, can't open old log for writing
 log_ipcs();
-# Reject ordinary startup.  Retry for the same reasons poll_start() does.
+# Reject ordinary startup.  Retry for the same reasons poll_start() does,
+# every 0.1s for at least $PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default seconds.
 my $pre_existing_msg = qr/pre-existing shared memory block/;
 {
-	my $max_attempts = 180 * 10;    # Retry every 0.1s for at least 180s.
+	my $max_attempts = 10 * $PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default;
 	my $attempts     = 0;
 	while ($attempts < $max_attempts)
 	{
@@ -193,7 +194,7 @@ sub poll_start
 {
 	my ($node) = @_;
 
-	my $max_attempts = 180 * 10;
+	my $max_attempts = 10 * $PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default;
 	my $attempts     = 0;
 
 	while ($attempts < $max_attempts)
@@ -209,8 +210,8 @@ sub poll_start
 		$attempts++;
 	}
 
-	# No success within 180 seconds.  Try one last time without fail_ok, which
-	# will BAIL_OUT unless it succeeds.
+	# Try one last time without fail_ok, which will BAIL_OUT unless it
+	# succeeds.
 	$node->start && return 1;
 	return 0;
 }

src/test/recovery/t/019_replslot_limit.pl

@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ my @result =
 		 SELECT pg_switch_wal();
 		 CHECKPOINT;
 		 SELECT 'finished';",
-		timeout => '60'));
+		timeout => $PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default));
 is($result[1], 'finished', 'check if checkpoint command is not blocked');
 
 $node_primary2->stop;
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ $logstart = get_log_size($node_primary3);
 kill 'STOP', $senderpid, $receiverpid;
 advance_wal($node_primary3, 2);
 
-my $max_attempts = 180;
+my $max_attempts = $PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default;
 while ($max_attempts-- >= 0)
 {
 	if (find_in_log(
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ $node_primary3->poll_query_until('postgres',
 	"lost")
   or die "timed out waiting for slot to be lost";
 
-$max_attempts = 180;
+$max_attempts = $PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default;
 while ($max_attempts-- >= 0)
 {
 	if (find_in_log(

src/test/recovery/t/021_row_visibility.pl

@@ -32,11 +32,8 @@ $node_standby->init_from_backup($node_primary, $backup_name,
 $node_standby->append_conf('postgresql.conf', 'max_prepared_transactions=10');
 $node_standby->start;
 
-# To avoid hanging while expecting some specific input from a psql
-# instance being driven by us, add a timeout high enough that it
-# should never trigger even on very slow machines, unless something
-# is really wrong.
-my $psql_timeout = IPC::Run::timer(300);
+my $psql_timeout =
+  IPC::Run::timer(2 * $PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default);
 
 # One psql to primary and standby each, for all queries. That allows
 # to check uncommitted changes being replicated and such.

src/test/recovery/t/022_crash_temp_files.pl

@@ -15,11 +15,7 @@ if ($Config{osname} eq 'MSWin32')
 	exit;
 }
 
-# To avoid hanging while expecting some specific input from a psql
-# instance being driven by us, add a timeout high enough that it
-# should never trigger even on very slow machines, unless something
-# is really wrong.
-my $psql_timeout = IPC::Run::timer(60);
+my $psql_timeout = IPC::Run::timer($PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default);
 
 my $node = PostgreSQL::Test::Cluster->new('node_crash');
 $node->init();

src/test/recovery/t/024_archive_recovery.pl

@@ -81,8 +81,8 @@ sub test_recovery_wal_level_minimal
 			$recovery_node->logfile,  'start'
 		]);
 
-	# Wait up to 180s for postgres to terminate
-	foreach my $i (0 .. 1800)
+	# wait for postgres to terminate
+	foreach my $i (0 .. 10 * $PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default)
 	{
 		last if !-f $recovery_node->data_dir . '/postmaster.pid';
 		usleep(100_000);

src/test/subscription/t/015_stream.pl

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ is($result, qq(2|2|2), 'check initial data was copied to subscriber');
 my $in  = '';
 my $out = '';
 
-my $timer = IPC::Run::timeout(180);
+my $timer = IPC::Run::timeout($PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default);
 
 my $h = $node_publisher->background_psql('postgres', \$in, \$out, $timer,
 	on_error_stop => 0);