mirror of https://github.com/postgres/postgres
This is an SQL-standard feature that allows creating columns that are computed from expressions rather than assigned, similar to a view or materialized view but on a column basis. This implements one kind of generated column: stored (computed on write). Another kind, virtual (computed on read), is planned for the future, and some room is left for it. Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Reviewed-by: Pavel Stehule <pavel.stehule@gmail.com> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/b151f851-4019-bdb1-699e-ebab07d2f40a@2ndquadrant.compull/40/head
Peter Eisentraut
7 years ago
parent
6b8b5364dd
commit
fc22b6623b
@ -0,0 +1,768 @@ |
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-- sanity check of system catalog |
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SELECT attrelid, attname, attgenerated FROM pg_attribute WHERE attgenerated NOT IN ('', 's'); |
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attrelid | attname | attgenerated |
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----------+---------+-------------- |
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(0 rows) |
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|
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CREATE TABLE gtest0 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (55) STORED); |
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CREATE TABLE gtest1 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED); |
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SELECT table_name, column_name, column_default, is_nullable, is_generated, generation_expression FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name LIKE 'gtest_' ORDER BY 1, 2; |
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table_name | column_name | column_default | is_nullable | is_generated | generation_expression |
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------------+-------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+----------------------- |
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gtest0 | a | | NO | NEVER | |
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gtest0 | b | | YES | ALWAYS | 55 |
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gtest1 | a | | NO | NEVER | |
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gtest1 | b | | YES | ALWAYS | (a * 2) |
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(4 rows) |
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|
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SELECT table_name, column_name, dependent_column FROM information_schema.column_column_usage ORDER BY 1, 2, 3; |
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table_name | column_name | dependent_column |
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------------+-------------+------------------ |
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gtest1 | a | b |
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(1 row) |
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|
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\d gtest1 |
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Table "public.gtest1" |
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Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default |
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--------+---------+-----------+----------+------------------------------------ |
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a | integer | | not null | |
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b | integer | | | generated always as (a * 2) stored |
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Indexes: |
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"gtest1_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (a) |
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|
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-- duplicate generated |
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CREATE TABLE gtest_err_1 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 3) STORED); |
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ERROR: multiple generation clauses specified for column "b" of table "gtest_err_1" |
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LINE 1: ...ARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED GENERATED ... |
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^ |
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-- references to other generated columns, including self-references |
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CREATE TABLE gtest_err_2a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 2) STORED); |
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ERROR: cannot use generated column "b" in column generation expression |
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LINE 1: ...2a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 2) STO... |
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^ |
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DETAIL: A generated column cannot reference another generated column. |
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CREATE TABLE gtest_err_2b (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED, c int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 3) STORED); |
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ERROR: cannot use generated column "b" in column generation expression |
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LINE 1: ...AYS AS (a * 2) STORED, c int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 3) STO... |
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^ |
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DETAIL: A generated column cannot reference another generated column. |
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-- invalid reference |
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CREATE TABLE gtest_err_3 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (c * 2) STORED); |
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ERROR: column "c" does not exist |
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LINE 1: ..._3 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (c * 2) STO... |
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^ |
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-- generation expression must be immutable |
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CREATE TABLE gtest_err_4 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b double precision GENERATED ALWAYS AS (random()) STORED); |
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ERROR: generation expression is not immutable |
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-- cannot have default/identity and generated |
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CREATE TABLE gtest_err_5a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int DEFAULT 5 GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED); |
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ERROR: both default and generation expression specified for column "b" of table "gtest_err_5a" |
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LINE 1: ... gtest_err_5a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int DEFAULT 5 GENERATED ... |
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^ |
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CREATE TABLE gtest_err_5b (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS identity GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED); |
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ERROR: both identity and generation expression specified for column "b" of table "gtest_err_5b" |
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LINE 1: ...t PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS identity GENERATED ... |
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^ |
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-- reference to system column not allowed in generated column |
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CREATE TABLE gtest_err_6a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b bool GENERATED ALWAYS AS (xmin <> 37) STORED); |
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ERROR: cannot use system column "xmin" in column generation expression |
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LINE 1: ...a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b bool GENERATED ALWAYS AS (xmin <> 37... |
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^ |
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-- various prohibited constructs |
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CREATE TABLE gtest_err_7a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (avg(a)) STORED); |
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ERROR: aggregate functions are not allowed in column generation expressions |
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LINE 1: ...7a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (avg(a)) ST... |
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^ |
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CREATE TABLE gtest_err_7b (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (row_number() OVER (ORDER BY a)) STORED); |
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ERROR: window functions are not allowed in column generation expressions |
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LINE 1: ...7b (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (row_number... |
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^ |
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CREATE TABLE gtest_err_7c (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS ((SELECT a)) STORED); |
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ERROR: cannot use subquery in column generation expression |
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LINE 1: ...7c (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS ((SELECT a)... |
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^ |
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CREATE TABLE gtest_err_7d (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (generate_series(1, a)) STORED); |
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ERROR: set-returning functions are not allowed in column generation expressions |
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LINE 1: ...7d (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (generate_s... |
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^ |
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INSERT INTO gtest1 VALUES (1); |
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INSERT INTO gtest1 VALUES (2, DEFAULT); |
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INSERT INTO gtest1 VALUES (3, 33); -- error |
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ERROR: cannot insert into column "b" |
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DETAIL: Column "b" is a generated column. |
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SELECT * FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a; |
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a | b |
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---+--- |
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1 | 2 |
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2 | 4 |
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(2 rows) |
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|
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UPDATE gtest1 SET b = DEFAULT WHERE a = 1; |
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UPDATE gtest1 SET b = 11 WHERE a = 1; -- error |
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ERROR: column "b" can only be updated to DEFAULT |
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DETAIL: Column "b" is a generated column. |
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SELECT * FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a; |
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a | b |
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---+--- |
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1 | 2 |
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2 | 4 |
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(2 rows) |
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|
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SELECT a, b, b * 2 AS b2 FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a; |
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a | b | b2 |
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---+---+---- |
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1 | 2 | 4 |
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2 | 4 | 8 |
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(2 rows) |
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|
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SELECT a, b FROM gtest1 WHERE b = 4 ORDER BY a; |
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a | b |
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---+--- |
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2 | 4 |
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(1 row) |
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|
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-- test that overflow error happens on write |
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INSERT INTO gtest1 VALUES (2000000000); |
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ERROR: integer out of range |
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SELECT * FROM gtest1; |
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a | b |
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---+--- |
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2 | 4 |
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1 | 2 |
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(2 rows) |
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|
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DELETE FROM gtest1 WHERE a = 2000000000; |
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-- test with joins |
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CREATE TABLE gtestx (x int, y int); |
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INSERT INTO gtestx VALUES (11, 1), (22, 2), (33, 3); |
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SELECT * FROM gtestx, gtest1 WHERE gtestx.y = gtest1.a; |
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x | y | a | b |
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----+---+---+--- |
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11 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
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22 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
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(2 rows) |
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|
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DROP TABLE gtestx; |
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-- test UPDATE/DELETE quals |
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SELECT * FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a; |
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a | b |
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---+--- |
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1 | 2 |
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2 | 4 |
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(2 rows) |
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UPDATE gtest1 SET a = 3 WHERE b = 4; |
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SELECT * FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a; |
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a | b |
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---+--- |
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1 | 2 |
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3 | 6 |
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(2 rows) |
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|
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DELETE FROM gtest1 WHERE b = 2; |
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SELECT * FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a; |
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a | b |
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---+--- |
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3 | 6 |
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(1 row) |
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|
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-- views |
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CREATE VIEW gtest1v AS SELECT * FROM gtest1; |
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SELECT * FROM gtest1v; |
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a | b |
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---+--- |
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3 | 6 |
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(1 row) |
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|
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INSERT INTO gtest1v VALUES (4, 8); -- fails |
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ERROR: cannot insert into column "b" |
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DETAIL: Column "b" is a generated column. |
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DROP VIEW gtest1v; |
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-- CTEs |
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WITH foo AS (SELECT * FROM gtest1) SELECT * FROM foo; |
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a | b |
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---+--- |
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3 | 6 |
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(1 row) |
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|
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-- inheritance |
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CREATE TABLE gtest1_1 () INHERITS (gtest1); |
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SELECT * FROM gtest1_1; |
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a | b |
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---+--- |
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(0 rows) |
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\d gtest1_1 |
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Table "public.gtest1_1" |
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Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default |
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--------+---------+-----------+----------+------------------------------------ |
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a | integer | | not null | |
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b | integer | | | generated always as (a * 2) stored |
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Inherits: gtest1 |
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|
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INSERT INTO gtest1_1 VALUES (4); |
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SELECT * FROM gtest1_1; |
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a | b |
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---+--- |
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4 | 8 |
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(1 row) |
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|
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SELECT * FROM gtest1; |
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a | b |
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---+--- |
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3 | 6 |
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4 | 8 |
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(2 rows) |
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|
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-- test inheritance mismatch |
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CREATE TABLE gtesty (x int, b int); |
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CREATE TABLE gtest1_2 () INHERITS (gtest1, gtesty); -- error |
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NOTICE: merging multiple inherited definitions of column "b" |
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ERROR: inherited column "b" has a generation conflict |
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DROP TABLE gtesty; |
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-- test stored update |
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CREATE TABLE gtest3 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 3) STORED); |
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INSERT INTO gtest3 (a) VALUES (1), (2), (3); |
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SELECT * FROM gtest3 ORDER BY a; |
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a | b |
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---+--- |
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1 | 3 |
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2 | 6 |
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3 | 9 |
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(3 rows) |
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UPDATE gtest3 SET a = 22 WHERE a = 2; |
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SELECT * FROM gtest3 ORDER BY a; |
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a | b |
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----+---- |
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1 | 3 |
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3 | 9 |
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22 | 66 |
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(3 rows) |
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|
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-- COPY |
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TRUNCATE gtest1; |
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INSERT INTO gtest1 (a) VALUES (1), (2); |
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COPY gtest1 TO stdout; |
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1 |
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2 |
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COPY gtest1 (a, b) TO stdout; |
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ERROR: column "b" is a generated column |
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DETAIL: Generated columns cannot be used in COPY. |
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COPY gtest1 FROM stdin; |
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COPY gtest1 (a, b) FROM stdin; |
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ERROR: column "b" is a generated column |
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DETAIL: Generated columns cannot be used in COPY. |
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SELECT * FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a; |
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a | b |
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---+--- |
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1 | 2 |
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2 | 4 |
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3 | 6 |
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4 | 8 |
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(4 rows) |
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|
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TRUNCATE gtest3; |
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INSERT INTO gtest3 (a) VALUES (1), (2); |
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COPY gtest3 TO stdout; |
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1 |
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2 |
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COPY gtest3 (a, b) TO stdout; |
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ERROR: column "b" is a generated column |
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DETAIL: Generated columns cannot be used in COPY. |
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COPY gtest3 FROM stdin; |
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COPY gtest3 (a, b) FROM stdin; |
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ERROR: column "b" is a generated column |
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DETAIL: Generated columns cannot be used in COPY. |
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SELECT * FROM gtest3 ORDER BY a; |
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a | b |
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---+---- |
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1 | 3 |
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2 | 6 |
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3 | 9 |
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4 | 12 |
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(4 rows) |
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-- null values |
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CREATE TABLE gtest2 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (NULL) STORED); |
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INSERT INTO gtest2 VALUES (1); |
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SELECT * FROM gtest2; |
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a | b |
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---+--- |
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1 | |
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(1 row) |
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|
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-- composite types |
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CREATE TYPE double_int as (a int, b int); |
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CREATE TABLE gtest4 ( |
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a int, |
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b double_int GENERATED ALWAYS AS ((a * 2, a * 3)) STORED |
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); |
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INSERT INTO gtest4 VALUES (1), (6); |
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SELECT * FROM gtest4; |
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a | b |
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---+--------- |
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1 | (2,3) |
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6 | (12,18) |
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(2 rows) |
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DROP TABLE gtest4; |
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DROP TYPE double_int; |
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-- using tableoid is allowed |
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CREATE TABLE gtest_tableoid ( |
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a int PRIMARY KEY, |
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b bool GENERATED ALWAYS AS (tableoid <> 0) STORED |
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); |
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INSERT INTO gtest_tableoid VALUES (1), (2); |
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SELECT * FROM gtest_tableoid; |
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a | b |
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---+--- |
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1 | t |
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2 | t |
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(2 rows) |
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|
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-- drop column behavior |
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CREATE TABLE gtest10 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int, c int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 2) STORED); |
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ALTER TABLE gtest10 DROP COLUMN b; |
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\d gtest10 |
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Table "public.gtest10" |
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Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default |
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--------+---------+-----------+----------+--------- |
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a | integer | | not null | |
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Indexes: |
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"gtest10_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (a) |
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CREATE TABLE gtest10a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED); |
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ALTER TABLE gtest10a DROP COLUMN b; |
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INSERT INTO gtest10a (a) VALUES (1); |
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-- privileges |
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CREATE USER regress_user11; |
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CREATE TABLE gtest11s (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int, c int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 2) STORED); |
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INSERT INTO gtest11s VALUES (1, 10), (2, 20); |
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GRANT SELECT (a, c) ON gtest11s TO regress_user11; |
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CREATE FUNCTION gf1(a int) RETURNS int AS $$ SELECT a * 3 $$ IMMUTABLE LANGUAGE SQL; |
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REVOKE ALL ON FUNCTION gf1(int) FROM PUBLIC; |
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CREATE TABLE gtest12s (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int, c int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (gf1(b)) STORED); |
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INSERT INTO gtest12s VALUES (1, 10), (2, 20); |
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GRANT SELECT (a, c) ON gtest12s TO regress_user11; |
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SET ROLE regress_user11; |
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SELECT a, b FROM gtest11s; -- not allowed |
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ERROR: permission denied for table gtest11s |
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SELECT a, c FROM gtest11s; -- allowed |
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a | c |
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---+---- |
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1 | 20 |
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2 | 40 |
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(2 rows) |
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SELECT gf1(10); -- not allowed |
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ERROR: permission denied for function gf1 |
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SELECT a, c FROM gtest12s; -- allowed |
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a | c |
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---+---- |
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1 | 30 |
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2 | 60 |
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(2 rows) |
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RESET ROLE; |
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DROP TABLE gtest11s, gtest12s; |
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DROP FUNCTION gf1(int); |
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DROP USER regress_user11; |
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-- check constraints |
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CREATE TABLE gtest20 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED CHECK (b < 50)); |
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INSERT INTO gtest20 (a) VALUES (10); -- ok |
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INSERT INTO gtest20 (a) VALUES (30); -- violates constraint |
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ERROR: new row for relation "gtest20" violates check constraint "gtest20_b_check" |
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DETAIL: Failing row contains (30, 60). |
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CREATE TABLE gtest20a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED); |
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INSERT INTO gtest20a (a) VALUES (10); |
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INSERT INTO gtest20a (a) VALUES (30); |
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ALTER TABLE gtest20a ADD CHECK (b < 50); -- fails on existing row |
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ERROR: check constraint "gtest20a_b_check" is violated by some row |
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CREATE TABLE gtest20b (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED); |
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INSERT INTO gtest20b (a) VALUES (10); |
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INSERT INTO gtest20b (a) VALUES (30); |
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ALTER TABLE gtest20b ADD CONSTRAINT chk CHECK (b < 50) NOT VALID; |
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ALTER TABLE gtest20b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT chk; -- fails on existing row |
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ERROR: check constraint "chk" is violated by some row |
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-- not-null constraints |
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CREATE TABLE gtest21a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (nullif(a, 0)) STORED NOT NULL); |
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INSERT INTO gtest21a (a) VALUES (1); -- ok |
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INSERT INTO gtest21a (a) VALUES (0); -- violates constraint |
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ERROR: null value in column "b" violates not-null constraint |
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DETAIL: Failing row contains (0, null). |
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CREATE TABLE gtest21b (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (nullif(a, 0)) STORED); |
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ALTER TABLE gtest21b ALTER COLUMN b SET NOT NULL; |
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INSERT INTO gtest21b (a) VALUES (1); -- ok |
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INSERT INTO gtest21b (a) VALUES (0); -- violates constraint |
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ERROR: null value in column "b" violates not-null constraint |
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DETAIL: Failing row contains (0, null). |
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ALTER TABLE gtest21b ALTER COLUMN b DROP NOT NULL; |
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INSERT INTO gtest21b (a) VALUES (0); -- ok now |
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-- index constraints |
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CREATE TABLE gtest22a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a / 2) STORED UNIQUE); |
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INSERT INTO gtest22a VALUES (2); |
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INSERT INTO gtest22a VALUES (3); |
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ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint "gtest22a_b_key" |
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DETAIL: Key (b)=(1) already exists. |
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INSERT INTO gtest22a VALUES (4); |
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CREATE TABLE gtest22b (a int, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a / 2) STORED, PRIMARY KEY (a, b)); |
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INSERT INTO gtest22b VALUES (2); |
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INSERT INTO gtest22b VALUES (2); |
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ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint "gtest22b_pkey" |
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DETAIL: Key (a, b)=(2, 1) already exists. |
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-- indexes |
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CREATE TABLE gtest22c (a int, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED); |
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CREATE INDEX gtest22c_b_idx ON gtest22c (b); |
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CREATE INDEX gtest22c_expr_idx ON gtest22c ((b * 3)); |
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CREATE INDEX gtest22c_pred_idx ON gtest22c (a) WHERE b > 0; |
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\d gtest22c |
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Table "public.gtest22c" |
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Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default |
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--------+---------+-----------+----------+------------------------------------ |
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a | integer | | | |
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b | integer | | | generated always as (a * 2) stored |
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Indexes: |
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"gtest22c_b_idx" btree (b) |
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"gtest22c_expr_idx" btree ((b * 3)) |
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"gtest22c_pred_idx" btree (a) WHERE b > 0 |
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INSERT INTO gtest22c VALUES (1), (2), (3); |
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SET enable_seqscan TO off; |
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SET enable_bitmapscan TO off; |
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EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM gtest22c WHERE b = 4; |
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QUERY PLAN |
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--------------------------------------------- |
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Index Scan using gtest22c_b_idx on gtest22c |
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Index Cond: (b = 4) |
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(2 rows) |
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SELECT * FROM gtest22c WHERE b = 4; |
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a | b |
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---+--- |
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2 | 4 |
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(1 row) |
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EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM gtest22c WHERE b * 3 = 6; |
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QUERY PLAN |
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------------------------------------------------ |
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Index Scan using gtest22c_expr_idx on gtest22c |
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Index Cond: ((b * 3) = 6) |
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(2 rows) |
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SELECT * FROM gtest22c WHERE b * 3 = 6; |
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a | b |
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---+--- |
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1 | 2 |
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(1 row) |
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EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM gtest22c WHERE a = 1 AND b > 0; |
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QUERY PLAN |
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------------------------------------------------ |
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Index Scan using gtest22c_pred_idx on gtest22c |
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Index Cond: (a = 1) |
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(2 rows) |
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|
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SELECT * FROM gtest22c WHERE a = 1 AND b > 0; |
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a | b |
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---+--- |
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1 | 2 |
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(1 row) |
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|
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RESET enable_seqscan; |
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RESET enable_bitmapscan; |
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-- foreign keys |
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CREATE TABLE gtest23a (x int PRIMARY KEY, y int); |
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INSERT INTO gtest23a VALUES (1, 11), (2, 22), (3, 33); |
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CREATE TABLE gtest23x (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED REFERENCES gtest23a (x) ON UPDATE CASCADE); -- error |
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ERROR: invalid ON UPDATE action for foreign key constraint containing generated column |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest23x (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED REFERENCES gtest23a (x) ON DELETE SET NULL); -- error |
||||
ERROR: invalid ON DELETE action for foreign key constraint containing generated column |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest23b (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED REFERENCES gtest23a (x)); |
||||
\d gtest23b |
||||
Table "public.gtest23b" |
||||
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default |
||||
--------+---------+-----------+----------+------------------------------------ |
||||
a | integer | | not null | |
||||
b | integer | | | generated always as (a * 2) stored |
||||
Indexes: |
||||
"gtest23b_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (a) |
||||
Foreign-key constraints: |
||||
"gtest23b_b_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (b) REFERENCES gtest23a(x) |
||||
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest23b VALUES (1); -- ok |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest23b VALUES (5); -- error |
||||
ERROR: insert or update on table "gtest23b" violates foreign key constraint "gtest23b_b_fkey" |
||||
DETAIL: Key (b)=(10) is not present in table "gtest23a". |
||||
DROP TABLE gtest23b; |
||||
DROP TABLE gtest23a; |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest23p (x int, y int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (x * 2) STORED, PRIMARY KEY (y)); |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest23p VALUES (1), (2), (3); |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest23q (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int REFERENCES gtest23p (y)); |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest23q VALUES (1, 2); -- ok |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest23q VALUES (2, 5); -- error |
||||
ERROR: insert or update on table "gtest23q" violates foreign key constraint "gtest23q_b_fkey" |
||||
DETAIL: Key (b)=(5) is not present in table "gtest23p". |
||||
-- domains |
||||
CREATE DOMAIN gtestdomain1 AS int CHECK (VALUE < 10); |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest24 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b gtestdomain1 GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED); |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest24 (a) VALUES (4); -- ok |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest24 (a) VALUES (6); -- error |
||||
ERROR: value for domain gtestdomain1 violates check constraint "gtestdomain1_check" |
||||
-- typed tables (currently not supported) |
||||
CREATE TYPE gtest_type AS (f1 integer, f2 text, f3 bigint); |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest28 OF gtest_type (f1 WITH OPTIONS GENERATED ALWAYS AS (f2 *2) STORED); |
||||
ERROR: generated columns are not supported on typed tables |
||||
DROP TYPE gtest_type CASCADE; |
||||
-- table partitions (currently not supported) |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_parent (f1 date NOT NULL, f2 text, f3 bigint) PARTITION BY RANGE (f1); |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_child PARTITION OF gtest_parent ( |
||||
f3 WITH OPTIONS GENERATED ALWAYS AS (f2 * 2) STORED |
||||
) FOR VALUES FROM ('2016-07-01') TO ('2016-08-01'); -- error |
||||
ERROR: generated columns are not supported on partitions |
||||
DROP TABLE gtest_parent; |
||||
-- partitioned table |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_parent (f1 date NOT NULL, f2 bigint, f3 bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS (f2 * 2) STORED) PARTITION BY RANGE (f1); |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_child PARTITION OF gtest_parent FOR VALUES FROM ('2016-07-01') TO ('2016-08-01'); |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest_parent (f1, f2) VALUES ('2016-07-15', 1); |
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest_parent; |
||||
f1 | f2 | f3 |
||||
------------+----+---- |
||||
07-15-2016 | 1 | 2 |
||||
(1 row) |
||||
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest_child; |
||||
f1 | f2 | f3 |
||||
------------+----+---- |
||||
07-15-2016 | 1 | 2 |
||||
(1 row) |
||||
|
||||
DROP TABLE gtest_parent; |
||||
-- generated columns in partition key (not allowed) |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_parent (f1 date NOT NULL, f2 bigint, f3 bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS (f2 * 2) STORED) PARTITION BY RANGE (f3); |
||||
ERROR: cannot use generated column in partition key |
||||
LINE 1: ...ENERATED ALWAYS AS (f2 * 2) STORED) PARTITION BY RANGE (f3); |
||||
^ |
||||
DETAIL: Column "f3" is a generated column. |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_parent (f1 date NOT NULL, f2 bigint, f3 bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS (f2 * 2) STORED) PARTITION BY RANGE ((f3 * 3)); |
||||
ERROR: cannot use generated column in partition key |
||||
LINE 1: ...ED ALWAYS AS (f2 * 2) STORED) PARTITION BY RANGE ((f3 * 3)); |
||||
^ |
||||
DETAIL: Column "f3" is a generated column. |
||||
-- ALTER TABLE ... ADD COLUMN |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest25 (a int PRIMARY KEY); |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest25 VALUES (3), (4); |
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest25 ADD COLUMN b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 3) STORED; |
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest25 ORDER BY a; |
||||
a | b |
||||
---+---- |
||||
3 | 9 |
||||
4 | 12 |
||||
(2 rows) |
||||
|
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest25 ADD COLUMN x int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 4) STORED; -- error |
||||
ERROR: cannot use generated column "b" in column generation expression |
||||
DETAIL: A generated column cannot reference another generated column. |
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest25 ADD COLUMN x int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (z * 4) STORED; -- error |
||||
ERROR: column "z" does not exist |
||||
-- ALTER TABLE ... ALTER COLUMN |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest27 ( |
||||
a int, |
||||
b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED |
||||
); |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest27 (a) VALUES (3), (4); |
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest27 ALTER COLUMN a TYPE text; -- error |
||||
ERROR: cannot alter type of a column used by a generated column |
||||
DETAIL: Column "a" is used by generated column "b". |
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest27 ALTER COLUMN b TYPE numeric; |
||||
\d gtest27 |
||||
Table "public.gtest27" |
||||
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default |
||||
--------+---------+-----------+----------+-------------------------------------- |
||||
a | integer | | | |
||||
b | numeric | | | generated always as ((a * 2)) stored |
||||
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest27; |
||||
a | b |
||||
---+--- |
||||
3 | 6 |
||||
4 | 8 |
||||
(2 rows) |
||||
|
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest27 ALTER COLUMN b TYPE boolean USING b <> 0; -- error |
||||
ERROR: generation expression for column "b" cannot be cast automatically to type boolean |
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest27 ALTER COLUMN b DROP DEFAULT; -- error |
||||
ERROR: column "b" of relation "gtest27" is a generated column |
||||
\d gtest27 |
||||
Table "public.gtest27" |
||||
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default |
||||
--------+---------+-----------+----------+-------------------------------------- |
||||
a | integer | | | |
||||
b | numeric | | | generated always as ((a * 2)) stored |
||||
|
||||
-- triggers |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest26 ( |
||||
a int PRIMARY KEY, |
||||
b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED |
||||
); |
||||
CREATE FUNCTION gtest_trigger_func() RETURNS trigger |
||||
LANGUAGE plpgsql |
||||
AS $$ |
||||
BEGIN |
||||
IF tg_op IN ('DELETE', 'UPDATE') THEN |
||||
RAISE INFO '%: %: old = %', TG_NAME, TG_WHEN, OLD; |
||||
END IF; |
||||
IF tg_op IN ('INSERT', 'UPDATE') THEN |
||||
RAISE INFO '%: %: new = %', TG_NAME, TG_WHEN, NEW; |
||||
END IF; |
||||
IF tg_op = 'DELETE' THEN |
||||
RETURN OLD; |
||||
ELSE |
||||
RETURN NEW; |
||||
END IF; |
||||
END |
||||
$$; |
||||
CREATE TRIGGER gtest1 BEFORE DELETE OR UPDATE ON gtest26 |
||||
FOR EACH ROW |
||||
WHEN (OLD.b < 0) -- ok |
||||
EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func(); |
||||
CREATE TRIGGER gtest2a BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE ON gtest26 |
||||
FOR EACH ROW |
||||
WHEN (NEW.b < 0) -- error |
||||
EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func(); |
||||
ERROR: BEFORE trigger's WHEN condition cannot reference NEW generated columns |
||||
LINE 3: WHEN (NEW.b < 0) |
||||
^ |
||||
DETAIL: Column "b" is a generated column. |
||||
CREATE TRIGGER gtest2b BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE ON gtest26 |
||||
FOR EACH ROW |
||||
WHEN (NEW.* IS NOT NULL) -- error |
||||
EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func(); |
||||
ERROR: BEFORE trigger's WHEN condition cannot reference NEW generated columns |
||||
LINE 3: WHEN (NEW.* IS NOT NULL) |
||||
^ |
||||
DETAIL: A whole-row reference is used and the table contains generated columns. |
||||
CREATE TRIGGER gtest2 BEFORE INSERT ON gtest26 |
||||
FOR EACH ROW |
||||
WHEN (NEW.a < 0) |
||||
EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func(); |
||||
CREATE TRIGGER gtest3 AFTER DELETE OR UPDATE ON gtest26 |
||||
FOR EACH ROW |
||||
WHEN (OLD.b < 0) -- ok |
||||
EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func(); |
||||
CREATE TRIGGER gtest4 AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE ON gtest26 |
||||
FOR EACH ROW |
||||
WHEN (NEW.b < 0) -- ok |
||||
EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func(); |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest26 (a) VALUES (-2), (0), (3); |
||||
INFO: gtest2: BEFORE: new = (-2,) |
||||
INFO: gtest4: AFTER: new = (-2,-4) |
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest26 ORDER BY a; |
||||
a | b |
||||
----+---- |
||||
-2 | -4 |
||||
0 | 0 |
||||
3 | 6 |
||||
(3 rows) |
||||
|
||||
UPDATE gtest26 SET a = a * -2; |
||||
INFO: gtest1: BEFORE: old = (-2,-4) |
||||
INFO: gtest1: BEFORE: new = (4,) |
||||
INFO: gtest3: AFTER: old = (-2,-4) |
||||
INFO: gtest3: AFTER: new = (4,8) |
||||
INFO: gtest4: AFTER: old = (3,6) |
||||
INFO: gtest4: AFTER: new = (-6,-12) |
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest26 ORDER BY a; |
||||
a | b |
||||
----+----- |
||||
-6 | -12 |
||||
0 | 0 |
||||
4 | 8 |
||||
(3 rows) |
||||
|
||||
DELETE FROM gtest26 WHERE a = -6; |
||||
INFO: gtest1: BEFORE: old = (-6,-12) |
||||
INFO: gtest3: AFTER: old = (-6,-12) |
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest26 ORDER BY a; |
||||
a | b |
||||
---+--- |
||||
0 | 0 |
||||
4 | 8 |
||||
(2 rows) |
||||
|
||||
DROP TRIGGER gtest1 ON gtest26; |
||||
DROP TRIGGER gtest2 ON gtest26; |
||||
DROP TRIGGER gtest3 ON gtest26; |
||||
-- Check that an UPDATE of "a" fires the trigger for UPDATE OF b, per |
||||
-- SQL standard. |
||||
CREATE FUNCTION gtest_trigger_func3() RETURNS trigger |
||||
LANGUAGE plpgsql |
||||
AS $$ |
||||
BEGIN |
||||
RAISE NOTICE 'OK'; |
||||
RETURN NEW; |
||||
END |
||||
$$; |
||||
CREATE TRIGGER gtest11 BEFORE UPDATE OF b ON gtest26 |
||||
FOR EACH ROW |
||||
EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func3(); |
||||
UPDATE gtest26 SET a = 1 WHERE a = 0; |
||||
NOTICE: OK |
||||
DROP TRIGGER gtest11 ON gtest26; |
||||
TRUNCATE gtest26; |
||||
-- check that modifications of stored generated columns in triggers do |
||||
-- not get propagated |
||||
CREATE FUNCTION gtest_trigger_func4() RETURNS trigger |
||||
LANGUAGE plpgsql |
||||
AS $$ |
||||
BEGIN |
||||
NEW.a = 10; |
||||
NEW.b = 300; |
||||
RETURN NEW; |
||||
END; |
||||
$$; |
||||
CREATE TRIGGER gtest12_01 BEFORE UPDATE ON gtest26 |
||||
FOR EACH ROW |
||||
EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func(); |
||||
CREATE TRIGGER gtest12_02 BEFORE UPDATE ON gtest26 |
||||
FOR EACH ROW |
||||
EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func4(); |
||||
CREATE TRIGGER gtest12_03 BEFORE UPDATE ON gtest26 |
||||
FOR EACH ROW |
||||
EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func(); |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest26 (a) VALUES (1); |
||||
UPDATE gtest26 SET a = 11 WHERE a = 1; |
||||
INFO: gtest12_01: BEFORE: old = (1,2) |
||||
INFO: gtest12_01: BEFORE: new = (11,) |
||||
INFO: gtest12_03: BEFORE: old = (1,2) |
||||
INFO: gtest12_03: BEFORE: new = (10,) |
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest26 ORDER BY a; |
||||
a | b |
||||
----+---- |
||||
10 | 20 |
||||
(1 row) |
||||
|
||||
-- LIKE INCLUDING GENERATED and dropped column handling |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest28a ( |
||||
a int, |
||||
b int, |
||||
c int, |
||||
x int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 2) STORED |
||||
); |
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest28a DROP COLUMN a; |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest28b (LIKE gtest28a INCLUDING GENERATED); |
||||
\d gtest28* |
||||
Table "public.gtest28a" |
||||
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default |
||||
--------+---------+-----------+----------+------------------------------------ |
||||
b | integer | | | |
||||
c | integer | | | |
||||
x | integer | | | generated always as (b * 2) stored |
||||
|
||||
Table "public.gtest28b" |
||||
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default |
||||
--------+---------+-----------+----------+------------------------------------ |
||||
b | integer | | | |
||||
c | integer | | | |
||||
x | integer | | | generated always as (b * 2) stored |
||||
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,451 @@ |
||||
-- sanity check of system catalog |
||||
SELECT attrelid, attname, attgenerated FROM pg_attribute WHERE attgenerated NOT IN ('', 's'); |
||||
|
||||
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest0 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (55) STORED); |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest1 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED); |
||||
|
||||
SELECT table_name, column_name, column_default, is_nullable, is_generated, generation_expression FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name LIKE 'gtest_' ORDER BY 1, 2; |
||||
|
||||
SELECT table_name, column_name, dependent_column FROM information_schema.column_column_usage ORDER BY 1, 2, 3; |
||||
|
||||
\d gtest1 |
||||
|
||||
-- duplicate generated |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_err_1 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 3) STORED); |
||||
|
||||
-- references to other generated columns, including self-references |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_err_2a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 2) STORED); |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_err_2b (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED, c int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 3) STORED); |
||||
|
||||
-- invalid reference |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_err_3 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (c * 2) STORED); |
||||
|
||||
-- generation expression must be immutable |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_err_4 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b double precision GENERATED ALWAYS AS (random()) STORED); |
||||
|
||||
-- cannot have default/identity and generated |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_err_5a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int DEFAULT 5 GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED); |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_err_5b (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS identity GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED); |
||||
|
||||
-- reference to system column not allowed in generated column |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_err_6a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b bool GENERATED ALWAYS AS (xmin <> 37) STORED); |
||||
|
||||
-- various prohibited constructs |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_err_7a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (avg(a)) STORED); |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_err_7b (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (row_number() OVER (ORDER BY a)) STORED); |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_err_7c (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS ((SELECT a)) STORED); |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_err_7d (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (generate_series(1, a)) STORED); |
||||
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest1 VALUES (1); |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest1 VALUES (2, DEFAULT); |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest1 VALUES (3, 33); -- error |
||||
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a; |
||||
|
||||
UPDATE gtest1 SET b = DEFAULT WHERE a = 1; |
||||
UPDATE gtest1 SET b = 11 WHERE a = 1; -- error |
||||
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a; |
||||
|
||||
SELECT a, b, b * 2 AS b2 FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a; |
||||
SELECT a, b FROM gtest1 WHERE b = 4 ORDER BY a; |
||||
|
||||
-- test that overflow error happens on write |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest1 VALUES (2000000000); |
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest1; |
||||
DELETE FROM gtest1 WHERE a = 2000000000; |
||||
|
||||
-- test with joins |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtestx (x int, y int); |
||||
INSERT INTO gtestx VALUES (11, 1), (22, 2), (33, 3); |
||||
SELECT * FROM gtestx, gtest1 WHERE gtestx.y = gtest1.a; |
||||
DROP TABLE gtestx; |
||||
|
||||
-- test UPDATE/DELETE quals |
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a; |
||||
UPDATE gtest1 SET a = 3 WHERE b = 4; |
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a; |
||||
DELETE FROM gtest1 WHERE b = 2; |
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a; |
||||
|
||||
-- views |
||||
CREATE VIEW gtest1v AS SELECT * FROM gtest1; |
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest1v; |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest1v VALUES (4, 8); -- fails |
||||
DROP VIEW gtest1v; |
||||
|
||||
-- CTEs |
||||
WITH foo AS (SELECT * FROM gtest1) SELECT * FROM foo; |
||||
|
||||
-- inheritance |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest1_1 () INHERITS (gtest1); |
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest1_1; |
||||
\d gtest1_1 |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest1_1 VALUES (4); |
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest1_1; |
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest1; |
||||
|
||||
-- test inheritance mismatch |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtesty (x int, b int); |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest1_2 () INHERITS (gtest1, gtesty); -- error |
||||
DROP TABLE gtesty; |
||||
|
||||
-- test stored update |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest3 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 3) STORED); |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest3 (a) VALUES (1), (2), (3); |
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest3 ORDER BY a; |
||||
UPDATE gtest3 SET a = 22 WHERE a = 2; |
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest3 ORDER BY a; |
||||
|
||||
-- COPY |
||||
TRUNCATE gtest1; |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest1 (a) VALUES (1), (2); |
||||
|
||||
COPY gtest1 TO stdout; |
||||
|
||||
COPY gtest1 (a, b) TO stdout; |
||||
|
||||
COPY gtest1 FROM stdin; |
||||
3 |
||||
4 |
||||
\. |
||||
|
||||
COPY gtest1 (a, b) FROM stdin; |
||||
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest1 ORDER BY a; |
||||
|
||||
TRUNCATE gtest3; |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest3 (a) VALUES (1), (2); |
||||
|
||||
COPY gtest3 TO stdout; |
||||
|
||||
COPY gtest3 (a, b) TO stdout; |
||||
|
||||
COPY gtest3 FROM stdin; |
||||
3 |
||||
4 |
||||
\. |
||||
|
||||
COPY gtest3 (a, b) FROM stdin; |
||||
|
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest3 ORDER BY a; |
||||
|
||||
-- null values |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest2 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (NULL) STORED); |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest2 VALUES (1); |
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest2; |
||||
|
||||
-- composite types |
||||
CREATE TYPE double_int as (a int, b int); |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest4 ( |
||||
a int, |
||||
b double_int GENERATED ALWAYS AS ((a * 2, a * 3)) STORED |
||||
); |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest4 VALUES (1), (6); |
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest4; |
||||
|
||||
DROP TABLE gtest4; |
||||
DROP TYPE double_int; |
||||
|
||||
-- using tableoid is allowed |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_tableoid ( |
||||
a int PRIMARY KEY, |
||||
b bool GENERATED ALWAYS AS (tableoid <> 0) STORED |
||||
); |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest_tableoid VALUES (1), (2); |
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest_tableoid; |
||||
|
||||
-- drop column behavior |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest10 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int, c int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 2) STORED); |
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest10 DROP COLUMN b; |
||||
|
||||
\d gtest10 |
||||
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest10a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED); |
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest10a DROP COLUMN b; |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest10a (a) VALUES (1); |
||||
|
||||
-- privileges |
||||
CREATE USER regress_user11; |
||||
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest11s (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int, c int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 2) STORED); |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest11s VALUES (1, 10), (2, 20); |
||||
GRANT SELECT (a, c) ON gtest11s TO regress_user11; |
||||
|
||||
CREATE FUNCTION gf1(a int) RETURNS int AS $$ SELECT a * 3 $$ IMMUTABLE LANGUAGE SQL; |
||||
REVOKE ALL ON FUNCTION gf1(int) FROM PUBLIC; |
||||
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest12s (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int, c int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (gf1(b)) STORED); |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest12s VALUES (1, 10), (2, 20); |
||||
GRANT SELECT (a, c) ON gtest12s TO regress_user11; |
||||
|
||||
SET ROLE regress_user11; |
||||
SELECT a, b FROM gtest11s; -- not allowed |
||||
SELECT a, c FROM gtest11s; -- allowed |
||||
SELECT gf1(10); -- not allowed |
||||
SELECT a, c FROM gtest12s; -- allowed |
||||
RESET ROLE; |
||||
|
||||
DROP TABLE gtest11s, gtest12s; |
||||
DROP FUNCTION gf1(int); |
||||
DROP USER regress_user11; |
||||
|
||||
-- check constraints |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest20 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED CHECK (b < 50)); |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest20 (a) VALUES (10); -- ok |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest20 (a) VALUES (30); -- violates constraint |
||||
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest20a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED); |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest20a (a) VALUES (10); |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest20a (a) VALUES (30); |
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest20a ADD CHECK (b < 50); -- fails on existing row |
||||
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest20b (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED); |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest20b (a) VALUES (10); |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest20b (a) VALUES (30); |
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest20b ADD CONSTRAINT chk CHECK (b < 50) NOT VALID; |
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest20b VALIDATE CONSTRAINT chk; -- fails on existing row |
||||
|
||||
-- not-null constraints |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest21a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (nullif(a, 0)) STORED NOT NULL); |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest21a (a) VALUES (1); -- ok |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest21a (a) VALUES (0); -- violates constraint |
||||
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest21b (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (nullif(a, 0)) STORED); |
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest21b ALTER COLUMN b SET NOT NULL; |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest21b (a) VALUES (1); -- ok |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest21b (a) VALUES (0); -- violates constraint |
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest21b ALTER COLUMN b DROP NOT NULL; |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest21b (a) VALUES (0); -- ok now |
||||
|
||||
-- index constraints |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest22a (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a / 2) STORED UNIQUE); |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest22a VALUES (2); |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest22a VALUES (3); |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest22a VALUES (4); |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest22b (a int, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a / 2) STORED, PRIMARY KEY (a, b)); |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest22b VALUES (2); |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest22b VALUES (2); |
||||
|
||||
-- indexes |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest22c (a int, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED); |
||||
CREATE INDEX gtest22c_b_idx ON gtest22c (b); |
||||
CREATE INDEX gtest22c_expr_idx ON gtest22c ((b * 3)); |
||||
CREATE INDEX gtest22c_pred_idx ON gtest22c (a) WHERE b > 0; |
||||
\d gtest22c |
||||
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest22c VALUES (1), (2), (3); |
||||
SET enable_seqscan TO off; |
||||
SET enable_bitmapscan TO off; |
||||
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM gtest22c WHERE b = 4; |
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest22c WHERE b = 4; |
||||
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM gtest22c WHERE b * 3 = 6; |
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest22c WHERE b * 3 = 6; |
||||
EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM gtest22c WHERE a = 1 AND b > 0; |
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest22c WHERE a = 1 AND b > 0; |
||||
RESET enable_seqscan; |
||||
RESET enable_bitmapscan; |
||||
|
||||
-- foreign keys |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest23a (x int PRIMARY KEY, y int); |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest23a VALUES (1, 11), (2, 22), (3, 33); |
||||
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest23x (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED REFERENCES gtest23a (x) ON UPDATE CASCADE); -- error |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest23x (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED REFERENCES gtest23a (x) ON DELETE SET NULL); -- error |
||||
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest23b (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED REFERENCES gtest23a (x)); |
||||
\d gtest23b |
||||
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest23b VALUES (1); -- ok |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest23b VALUES (5); -- error |
||||
|
||||
DROP TABLE gtest23b; |
||||
DROP TABLE gtest23a; |
||||
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest23p (x int, y int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (x * 2) STORED, PRIMARY KEY (y)); |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest23p VALUES (1), (2), (3); |
||||
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest23q (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int REFERENCES gtest23p (y)); |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest23q VALUES (1, 2); -- ok |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest23q VALUES (2, 5); -- error |
||||
|
||||
-- domains |
||||
CREATE DOMAIN gtestdomain1 AS int CHECK (VALUE < 10); |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest24 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b gtestdomain1 GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED); |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest24 (a) VALUES (4); -- ok |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest24 (a) VALUES (6); -- error |
||||
|
||||
-- typed tables (currently not supported) |
||||
CREATE TYPE gtest_type AS (f1 integer, f2 text, f3 bigint); |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest28 OF gtest_type (f1 WITH OPTIONS GENERATED ALWAYS AS (f2 *2) STORED); |
||||
DROP TYPE gtest_type CASCADE; |
||||
|
||||
-- table partitions (currently not supported) |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_parent (f1 date NOT NULL, f2 text, f3 bigint) PARTITION BY RANGE (f1); |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_child PARTITION OF gtest_parent ( |
||||
f3 WITH OPTIONS GENERATED ALWAYS AS (f2 * 2) STORED |
||||
) FOR VALUES FROM ('2016-07-01') TO ('2016-08-01'); -- error |
||||
DROP TABLE gtest_parent; |
||||
|
||||
-- partitioned table |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_parent (f1 date NOT NULL, f2 bigint, f3 bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS (f2 * 2) STORED) PARTITION BY RANGE (f1); |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_child PARTITION OF gtest_parent FOR VALUES FROM ('2016-07-01') TO ('2016-08-01'); |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest_parent (f1, f2) VALUES ('2016-07-15', 1); |
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest_parent; |
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest_child; |
||||
DROP TABLE gtest_parent; |
||||
|
||||
-- generated columns in partition key (not allowed) |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_parent (f1 date NOT NULL, f2 bigint, f3 bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS (f2 * 2) STORED) PARTITION BY RANGE (f3); |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest_parent (f1 date NOT NULL, f2 bigint, f3 bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS (f2 * 2) STORED) PARTITION BY RANGE ((f3 * 3)); |
||||
|
||||
-- ALTER TABLE ... ADD COLUMN |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest25 (a int PRIMARY KEY); |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest25 VALUES (3), (4); |
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest25 ADD COLUMN b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 3) STORED; |
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest25 ORDER BY a; |
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest25 ADD COLUMN x int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 4) STORED; -- error |
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest25 ADD COLUMN x int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (z * 4) STORED; -- error |
||||
|
||||
-- ALTER TABLE ... ALTER COLUMN |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest27 ( |
||||
a int, |
||||
b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED |
||||
); |
||||
INSERT INTO gtest27 (a) VALUES (3), (4); |
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest27 ALTER COLUMN a TYPE text; -- error |
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest27 ALTER COLUMN b TYPE numeric; |
||||
\d gtest27 |
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest27; |
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest27 ALTER COLUMN b TYPE boolean USING b <> 0; -- error |
||||
|
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest27 ALTER COLUMN b DROP DEFAULT; -- error |
||||
\d gtest27 |
||||
|
||||
-- triggers |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest26 ( |
||||
a int PRIMARY KEY, |
||||
b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED |
||||
); |
||||
|
||||
CREATE FUNCTION gtest_trigger_func() RETURNS trigger |
||||
LANGUAGE plpgsql |
||||
AS $$ |
||||
BEGIN |
||||
IF tg_op IN ('DELETE', 'UPDATE') THEN |
||||
RAISE INFO '%: %: old = %', TG_NAME, TG_WHEN, OLD; |
||||
END IF; |
||||
IF tg_op IN ('INSERT', 'UPDATE') THEN |
||||
RAISE INFO '%: %: new = %', TG_NAME, TG_WHEN, NEW; |
||||
END IF; |
||||
IF tg_op = 'DELETE' THEN |
||||
RETURN OLD; |
||||
ELSE |
||||
RETURN NEW; |
||||
END IF; |
||||
END |
||||
$$; |
||||
|
||||
CREATE TRIGGER gtest1 BEFORE DELETE OR UPDATE ON gtest26 |
||||
FOR EACH ROW |
||||
WHEN (OLD.b < 0) -- ok |
||||
EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func(); |
||||
|
||||
CREATE TRIGGER gtest2a BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE ON gtest26 |
||||
FOR EACH ROW |
||||
WHEN (NEW.b < 0) -- error |
||||
EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func(); |
||||
|
||||
CREATE TRIGGER gtest2b BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE ON gtest26 |
||||
FOR EACH ROW |
||||
WHEN (NEW.* IS NOT NULL) -- error |
||||
EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func(); |
||||
|
||||
CREATE TRIGGER gtest2 BEFORE INSERT ON gtest26 |
||||
FOR EACH ROW |
||||
WHEN (NEW.a < 0) |
||||
EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func(); |
||||
|
||||
CREATE TRIGGER gtest3 AFTER DELETE OR UPDATE ON gtest26 |
||||
FOR EACH ROW |
||||
WHEN (OLD.b < 0) -- ok |
||||
EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func(); |
||||
|
||||
CREATE TRIGGER gtest4 AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE ON gtest26 |
||||
FOR EACH ROW |
||||
WHEN (NEW.b < 0) -- ok |
||||
EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func(); |
||||
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest26 (a) VALUES (-2), (0), (3); |
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest26 ORDER BY a; |
||||
UPDATE gtest26 SET a = a * -2; |
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest26 ORDER BY a; |
||||
DELETE FROM gtest26 WHERE a = -6; |
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest26 ORDER BY a; |
||||
|
||||
DROP TRIGGER gtest1 ON gtest26; |
||||
DROP TRIGGER gtest2 ON gtest26; |
||||
DROP TRIGGER gtest3 ON gtest26; |
||||
|
||||
-- Check that an UPDATE of "a" fires the trigger for UPDATE OF b, per |
||||
-- SQL standard. |
||||
CREATE FUNCTION gtest_trigger_func3() RETURNS trigger |
||||
LANGUAGE plpgsql |
||||
AS $$ |
||||
BEGIN |
||||
RAISE NOTICE 'OK'; |
||||
RETURN NEW; |
||||
END |
||||
$$; |
||||
|
||||
CREATE TRIGGER gtest11 BEFORE UPDATE OF b ON gtest26 |
||||
FOR EACH ROW |
||||
EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func3(); |
||||
|
||||
UPDATE gtest26 SET a = 1 WHERE a = 0; |
||||
|
||||
DROP TRIGGER gtest11 ON gtest26; |
||||
TRUNCATE gtest26; |
||||
|
||||
-- check that modifications of stored generated columns in triggers do |
||||
-- not get propagated |
||||
CREATE FUNCTION gtest_trigger_func4() RETURNS trigger |
||||
LANGUAGE plpgsql |
||||
AS $$ |
||||
BEGIN |
||||
NEW.a = 10; |
||||
NEW.b = 300; |
||||
RETURN NEW; |
||||
END; |
||||
$$; |
||||
|
||||
CREATE TRIGGER gtest12_01 BEFORE UPDATE ON gtest26 |
||||
FOR EACH ROW |
||||
EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func(); |
||||
|
||||
CREATE TRIGGER gtest12_02 BEFORE UPDATE ON gtest26 |
||||
FOR EACH ROW |
||||
EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func4(); |
||||
|
||||
CREATE TRIGGER gtest12_03 BEFORE UPDATE ON gtest26 |
||||
FOR EACH ROW |
||||
EXECUTE PROCEDURE gtest_trigger_func(); |
||||
|
||||
INSERT INTO gtest26 (a) VALUES (1); |
||||
UPDATE gtest26 SET a = 11 WHERE a = 1; |
||||
SELECT * FROM gtest26 ORDER BY a; |
||||
|
||||
-- LIKE INCLUDING GENERATED and dropped column handling |
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest28a ( |
||||
a int, |
||||
b int, |
||||
c int, |
||||
x int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (b * 2) STORED |
||||
); |
||||
|
||||
ALTER TABLE gtest28a DROP COLUMN a; |
||||
|
||||
CREATE TABLE gtest28b (LIKE gtest28a INCLUDING GENERATED); |
||||
|
||||
\d gtest28* |
||||
@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ |
||||
# Test generated columns |
||||
use strict; |
||||
use warnings; |
||||
use PostgresNode; |
||||
use TestLib; |
||||
use Test::More tests => 2; |
||||
|
||||
# setup |
||||
|
||||
my $node_publisher = get_new_node('publisher'); |
||||
$node_publisher->init(allows_streaming => 'logical'); |
||||
$node_publisher->start; |
||||
|
||||
my $node_subscriber = get_new_node('subscriber'); |
||||
$node_subscriber->init(allows_streaming => 'logical'); |
||||
$node_subscriber->start; |
||||
|
||||
my $publisher_connstr = $node_publisher->connstr . ' dbname=postgres'; |
||||
|
||||
$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres', |
||||
"CREATE TABLE tab1 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 2) STORED)"); |
||||
|
||||
$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', |
||||
"CREATE TABLE tab1 (a int PRIMARY KEY, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 22) STORED)"); |
||||
|
||||
# data for initial sync |
||||
|
||||
$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres', |
||||
"INSERT INTO tab1 (a) VALUES (1), (2), (3)"); |
||||
|
||||
$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres', |
||||
"CREATE PUBLICATION pub1 FOR ALL TABLES"); |
||||
$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', |
||||
"CREATE SUBSCRIPTION sub1 CONNECTION '$publisher_connstr' PUBLICATION pub1" |
||||
); |
||||
|
||||
# Wait for initial sync of all subscriptions |
||||
my $synced_query = |
||||
"SELECT count(1) = 0 FROM pg_subscription_rel WHERE srsubstate NOT IN ('r', 's');"; |
||||
$node_subscriber->poll_query_until('postgres', $synced_query) |
||||
or die "Timed out while waiting for subscriber to synchronize data"; |
||||
|
||||
my $result = $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', |
||||
"SELECT a, b FROM tab1"); |
||||
is($result, qq(1|22 |
||||
2|44 |
||||
3|66), 'generated columns initial sync'); |
||||
|
||||
# data to replicate |
||||
|
||||
$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres', |
||||
"INSERT INTO tab1 VALUES (4), (5)"); |
||||
|
||||
$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres', |
||||
"UPDATE tab1 SET a = 6 WHERE a = 5"); |
||||
|
||||
$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup('sub1'); |
||||
|
||||
$result = $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', |
||||
"SELECT a, b FROM tab1"); |
||||
is($result, qq(1|22 |
||||
2|44 |
||||
3|66 |
||||
4|88 |
||||
6|132), 'generated columns replicated'); |
||||
Loading…
Reference in new issue