Up to now, PG has assumed that any given timezone abbreviation (such as
"EDT") represents a constant GMT offset in the usage of any particular
region; we had a way to configure what that offset was, but not for it
to be changeable over time. But, as with most things horological, this
view of the world is too simplistic: there are numerous regions that have
at one time or another switched to a different GMT offset but kept using
the same timezone abbreviation. Almost the entire Russian Federation did
that a few years ago, and later this month they're going to do it again.
And there are similar examples all over the world.
To cope with this, invent the notion of a "dynamic timezone abbreviation",
which is one that is referenced to a particular underlying timezone
(as defined in the IANA timezone database) and means whatever it currently
means in that zone. For zones that use or have used daylight-savings time,
the standard and DST abbreviations continue to have the property that you
can specify standard or DST time and get that time offset whether or not
DST was theoretically in effect at the time. However, the abbreviations
mean what they meant at the time in question (or most recently before that
time) rather than being absolutely fixed.
The standard abbreviation-list files have been changed to use this behavior
for abbreviations that have actually varied in meaning since 1970. The
old simple-numeric definitions are kept for abbreviations that have not
changed, since they are a bit faster to resolve.
While this is clearly a new feature, it seems necessary to back-patch it
into all active branches, because otherwise use of Russian zone
abbreviations is going to become even more problematic than it already was.
This change supersedes the changes in commit 513d06ded et al to modify the
fixed meanings of the Russian abbreviations; since we've not shipped that
yet, this will avoid an undesirably incompatible (not to mention incorrect)
change in behavior for timestamps between 2011 and 2014.
This patch makes some cosmetic changes in ecpglib to keep its usage of
datetime lookup tables as similar as possible to the backend code, but
doesn't do anything about the increasingly obsolete set of timezone
abbreviation definitions that are hard-wired into ecpglib. Whatever we
do about that will likely not be appropriate material for back-patching.
Also, a potential free() of a garbage pointer after an out-of-memory
failure in ecpglib has been fixed.
This patch also fixes pre-existing bugs in DetermineTimeZoneOffset() that
caused it to produce unexpected results near a timezone transition, if
both the "before" and "after" states are marked as standard time. We'd
only ever thought about or tested transitions between standard and DST
time, but that's not what's happening when a zone simply redefines their
base GMT offset.
In passing, update the SGML documentation to refer to the Olson/zoneinfo/
zic timezone database as the "IANA" database, since it's now being
maintained under the auspices of IANA.
We've gotten enough push-back on that change to make it clear that it
wasn't an especially good idea to do it like that. Revert plain EXPLAIN
to its previous behavior, but keep the extra output in EXPLAIN ANALYZE.
Per discussion.
Internally, I set this up as a separate flag ExplainState.summary that
controls printing of planning time and execution time. For now it's
just copied from the ANALYZE option, but we could consider exposing it
to users.
The way the ALTER VIEW / SET options were listed in the synopsis was
very confusing. Move the list to the main description, similar to how
the ALTER TABLE reference page does it.
This allows transactions that take longer than specified limit to be counted
separately. With --rate, transactions that are already late by the time we
get to execute them are skipped altogether. Using --latency-limit with
--rate allows you to "catch up" more quickly, if there's a hickup in the
server causing a lot of transactions to stall momentarily.
Fabien COELHO, reviewed by Rukh Meski and heavily refactored by me.
This clause changes the behavior of SELECT locking clauses in the
presence of locked rows: instead of causing a process to block waiting
for the locks held by other processes (or raise an error, with NOWAIT),
SKIP LOCKED makes the new reader skip over such rows. While this is not
appropriate behavior for general purposes, there are some cases in which
it is useful, such as queue-like tables.
Catalog version bumped because this patch changes the representation of
stored rules.
Reviewed by Craig Ringer (based on a previous attempt at an
implementation by Simon Riggs, who also provided input on the syntax
used in the current patch), David Rowley, and Álvaro Herrera.
Author: Thomas Munro
pg_receivexlog already has the capability to use a replication slot to
reserve WAL on the upstream node. But the used slot currently has to
be created via SQL.
To allow using slots directly, without involving SQL, add
--create-slot and --drop-slot actions, analogous to the logical slot
manipulation support in pg_recvlogical.
Author: Michael Paquier
Discussion: CABUevEx+zrOHZOQg+dPapNPFRJdsk59b=TSVf30Z71GnFXhQaw@mail.gmail.com
A future patch (9.5 only) adds slot management to pg_receivexlog. The
verbs create/drop don't seem descriptive enough there. It seems better
to rename pg_recvlogical's commands now, in beta, than live with the
inconsistency forever.
The old form (e.g. --drop) will still be accepted by virtue of most
getopt_long() options accepting abbreviations for long commands.
Backpatch to 9.4 where pg_recvlogical was introduced.
Author: Michael Paquier and Andres Freund
Discussion: CAB7nPqQtt79U6FmhwvgqJmNyWcVCbbV-nS72j_jyPEopERg9rg@mail.gmail.com
Add entries for recent changes, including noting the JSONB format change
and the recent timezone data changes. We should remove those two items
before 9.4 final: the JSONB change will be of no interest in the long
run, and it's not normally our habit to mention timezone updates in
major-release notes. But it seems important to document them temporarily
for beta testers.
I failed to resist the temptation to wordsmith a couple of existing
entries, too.
Peter G pointed out that valgrind was, rightfully, complaining about
CreatePolicy() ending up copying beyond the end of the parsed policy
name. Name is a fixed-size type and we need to use namein (through
DirectFunctionCall1()) to flush out the entire array before we pass
it down to heap_form_tuple.
Michael Paquier pointed out that pg_dump --verbose was missing a
newline and Fabrízio de Royes Mello further pointed out that the
schema was also missing from the messages, so fix those also.
Also, based on an off-list comment from Kevin, rework the psql \d
output to facilitate copy/pasting into a new CREATE or ALTER POLICY
command.
Lastly, improve the pg_policies view and update the documentation for
it, along with a few other minor doc corrections based on an off-list
discussion with Adam Brightwell.
When there are cost-delay-related storage options set for a table,
trying to make that table participate in the autovacuum cost-limit
balancing algorithm produces undesirable results: instead of using the
configured values, the global values are always used,
as illustrated by Mark Kirkwood in
http://www.postgresql.org/message-id/52FACF15.8020507@catalyst.net.nz
Since the mechanism is already complicated, just disable it for those
cases rather than trying to make it cope. There are undesirable
side-effects from this too, namely that the total I/O impact on the
system will be higher whenever such tables are vacuumed. However, this
is seen as less harmful than slowing down vacuum, because that would
cause bloat to accumulate. Anyway, in the new system it is possible to
tweak options to get the precise behavior one wants, whereas with the
previous system one was simply hosed.
This has been broken forever, so backpatch to all supported branches.
This might affect systems where cost_limit and cost_delay have been set
for individual tables.
This add a new pgp_armor_headers function to extract armor headers from an
ASCII-armored blob, and a new overloaded variant of the armor function, for
constructing an ASCII-armor with extra headers.
Marko Tiikkaja and me.
Also improve related error message as it contributed to the confusion.
Discussion: CAB7nPqQrqFzjqCjxu4GZzTrD9kpj6HMn9G5aOOMwt1WZ8NfqeA@mail.gmail.com,
CAB7nPqQXc_+g95zWnqaa=mVQ4d3BVRs6T41frcEYi2ocUrR3+A@mail.gmail.com
Per discussion between Michael Paquier, Robert Haas and Andres Freund
Backpatch to 9.4 where logical decoding was introduced.
The COPY documentation incorrectly stated, for the PROGRAM case,
that we read from stdin and wrote to stdout. Fix that, and improve
consistency by referring to the 'PostgreSQL' user instead of the
'postgres' user, as is done in the rest of the COPY documentation.
Pointed out by Peter van Dijk.
Back-patch to 9.3 where COPY .. PROGRAM was introduced.
Per discussion, revert the commit which added 'ignore_nulls' to
row_to_json. This capability would be better added as an independent
function rather than being bolted on to row_to_json. Additionally,
the implementation didn't address complex JSON objects, and so was
incomplete anyway.
Pointed out by Tom and discussed with Andrew and Robert.
Andres pointed out that there was an extra ';' in equalPolicies, which
made me realize that my prior testing with CLOBBER_CACHE_ALWAYS was
insufficient (it didn't always catch the issue, just most of the time).
Thanks to that, a different issue was discovered, specifically in
equalRSDescs. This change corrects eqaulRSDescs to return 'true' once
all policies have been confirmed logically identical. After stepping
through both functions to ensure correct behavior, I ran this for
about 12 hours of CLOBBER_CACHE_ALWAYS runs of the regression tests
with no failures.
In addition, correct a few typos in the documentation which were pointed
out by Thom Brown (thanks!) and improve the policy documentation further
by adding a flushed out usage example based on a unix passwd file.
Lastly, clean up a few comments in the regression tests and pg_dump.h.
It was confusing that to other commands, like initdb and postgres, you would
pass the data directory with "-D datadir", but pg_controldata and
pg_resetxlog would take just plain path, without the "-D". With this patch,
pg_controldata and pg_resetxlog also accept "-D datadir".
Abhijit Menon-Sen, with minor kibitzing by me
Address a few typos in the row security update, pointed out
off-list by Adam Brightwell. Also include 'ALL' in the list
of commands supported, for completeness.
Buildfarm member tick identified an issue where the policies in the
relcache for a relation were were being replaced underneath a running
query, leading to segfaults while processing the policies to be added
to a query. Similar to how TupleDesc RuleLocks are handled, add in a
equalRSDesc() function to check if the policies have actually changed
and, if not, swap back the rsdesc field (using the original instead of
the temporairly built one; the whole structure is swapped and then
specific fields swapped back). This now passes a CLOBBER_CACHE_ALWAYS
for me and should resolve the buildfarm error.
In addition to addressing this, add a new chapter in Data Definition
under Privileges which explains row security and provides examples of
its usage, change \d to always list policies (even if row security is
disabled- but note that it is disabled, or enabled with no policies),
rework check_role_for_policy (it really didn't need the entire policy,
but it did need to be using has_privs_of_role()), and change the field
in pg_class to relrowsecurity from relhasrowsecurity, based on
Heikki's suggestion. Also from Heikki, only issue SET ROW_SECURITY in
pg_restore when talking to a 9.5+ server, list Bypass RLS in \du, and
document --enable-row-security options for pg_dump and pg_restore.
Lastly, fix a number of minor whitespace and typo issues from Heikki,
Dimitri, add a missing #include, per Peter E, fix a few minor
variable-assigned-but-not-used and resource leak issues from Coverity
and add tab completion for role attribute bypassrls as well.
This has been broken since commit af7914c662,
which added the EXPLAIN (TIMING) option. Although that commit included
updates to auto_explain, they evidently weren't tested very carefully,
because the code failed to print node timings even when it should, due to
failure to set es.timing in the ExplainState struct. Reported off-list by
Neelakanth Nadgir of Salesforce.
In passing, clean up the documentation for auto_explain's options a
little bit, including re-ordering them into what seems to me a more
logical order.
Building on the updatable security-barrier views work, add the
ability to define policies on tables to limit the set of rows
which are returned from a query and which are allowed to be added
to a table. Expressions defined by the policy for filtering are
added to the security barrier quals of the query, while expressions
defined to check records being added to a table are added to the
with-check options of the query.
New top-level commands are CREATE/ALTER/DROP POLICY and are
controlled by the table owner. Row Security is able to be enabled
and disabled by the owner on a per-table basis using
ALTER TABLE .. ENABLE/DISABLE ROW SECURITY.
Per discussion, ROW SECURITY is disabled on tables by default and
must be enabled for policies on the table to be used. If no
policies exist on a table with ROW SECURITY enabled, a default-deny
policy is used and no records will be visible.
By default, row security is applied at all times except for the
table owner and the superuser. A new GUC, row_security, is added
which can be set to ON, OFF, or FORCE. When set to FORCE, row
security will be applied even for the table owner and superusers.
When set to OFF, row security will be disabled when allowed and an
error will be thrown if the user does not have rights to bypass row
security.
Per discussion, pg_dump sets row_security = OFF by default to ensure
that exports and backups will have all data in the table or will
error if there are insufficient privileges to bypass row security.
A new option has been added to pg_dump, --enable-row-security, to
ask pg_dump to export with row security enabled.
A new role capability, BYPASSRLS, which can only be set by the
superuser, is added to allow other users to be able to bypass row
security using row_security = OFF.
Many thanks to the various individuals who have helped with the
design, particularly Robert Haas for his feedback.
Authors include Craig Ringer, KaiGai Kohei, Adam Brightwell, Dean
Rasheed, with additional changes and rework by me.
Reviewers have included all of the above, Greg Smith,
Jeff McCormick, and Robert Haas.
The new --stats/--stats=record options to pg_xlogdump display per
rmgr/per record statistics about the parsed WAL. This is useful to
understand what the WAL primarily consists of, to allow targeted
optimizations on application, configuration, and core code level.
It is likely that we will want to fine tune the statistics further,
but the feature already is quite helpful.
Author: Abhijit Menon-Sen, slightly editorialized by me
Reviewed-By: Andres Freund, Dilip Kumar and Furuya Osamu
Discussion: 20140604104716.GA3989@toroid.org
They were marked to return a boolean, but they actually return a
GinTernaryValue, which is more like a "char". It makes no practical
difference, as the triConsistent functions cannot be called directly from
SQL because they have "internal" arguments, but this nevertheless seems
more correct.
Also fix the GinTernaryValue name in the documentation. I renamed the enum
earlier, but neglected the docs.
Alexander Korotkov. This is new in 9.4, so backpatch there.
This new GUC context option allows GUC parameters to have the combined
properties of PGC_BACKEND and PGC_SUSET, ie, they don't change after
session start and non-superusers can't change them. This is a more
appropriate choice for log_connections and log_disconnections than their
previous context of PGC_BACKEND, because we don't want non-superusers
to be able to affect whether their sessions get logged.
Note: the behavior for log_connections is still a bit odd, in that when
a superuser attempts to set it from PGOPTIONS, the setting takes effect
but it's too late to enable or suppress connection startup logging.
It's debatable whether that's worth fixing, and in any case there is
a reasonable argument for PGC_SU_BACKEND to exist.
In passing, re-pgindent the files touched by this commit.
Fujii Masao, reviewed by Joe Conway and Amit Kapila
Instead of just erroring out when a tool is missing, wrap the call with
the "missing" script that we are already using for bison, flex, and
perl, so that the users get a useful error message.
Previously replication commands like IDENTIFY_COMMAND were not logged
even when log_statements is set to all. Some users who want to audit
all types of statements were not satisfied with this situation. To
address the problem, this commit adds new GUC log_replication_commands.
If it's enabled, all replication commands are logged in the server log.
There are many ways to allow us to enable that logging. For example,
we can extend log_statement so that replication commands are logged
when it's set to all. But per discussion in the community, we reached
the consensus to add separate GUC for that.
Reviewed by Ian Barwick, Robert Haas and Heikki Linnakangas.
With the unicode linestyle, this adds support to control if the
column, header, or border style should be single or double line
unicode characters. The default remains 'single'.
In passing, clean up the border documentation and address some
minor formatting/spelling issues.
Pavel Stehule, with some additional changes by me.
Provide an option to skip NULL values in a row when generating a JSON
object from that row with row_to_json. This can reduce the size of the
JSON object in cases where columns are NULL without really reducing the
information in the JSON object.
This also makes row_to_json into a single function with default values,
rather than having multiple functions. In passing, change array_to_json
to also be a single function with default values (we don't add an
'ignore_nulls' option yet- it's not clear that there is a sensible
use-case there, and it hasn't been asked for in any case).
Pavel Stehule
The reported latency values now include the "schedule lag" time, that is,
the time between the transaction's scheduled start time and the time it
actually started. This relates better to a model where requests arrive at a
certain rate, and we are interested in the response time to the end user or
application, rather than the response time of the database itself.
Also, when --rate is used, include the schedule lag time in the log output.
The --rate option is new in 9.4, so backpatch to 9.4. It seems better to
make this change in 9.4, while we're still in the beta period, than ship a
9.4 version that calculates the values differently than 9.5.
Add --help=<topic> for the commandline, and \? <topic> as a backslash
command, to show more help than the invocations without parameters
do. "commands", "variables" and "options" currently exist as help
topics describing, respectively, backslash commands, psql variables,
and commandline switches. Without parameters the help commands show
their previous topic.
Some further wordsmithing or extending of the added help content might
be needed; but there seems little benefit delaying the overall feature
further.
Author: Pavel Stehule, editorialized by many
Reviewed-By: Andres Freund, Petr Jelinek, Fujii Masao, MauMau, Abhijit
Menon-Sen and Erik Rijkers.
Discussion: CAFj8pRDVGuC-nXBfe2CK8vpyzd2Dsr9GVpbrATAnZO=2YQ0s2Q@mail.gmail.com,
CAFj8pRA54AbTv2RXDTRxiAd8hy8wxmoVLqhJDRCwEnhdd7OUkw@mail.gmail.com
This provides a convenient method of classifying input values into buckets
that are not necessarily equal-width. It works on any sortable data type.
The choice of function name is a bit debatable, perhaps, but showing that
there's a relationship to the SQL standard's width_bucket() function seems
more attractive than the other proposals.
Petr Jelinek, reviewed by Pavel Stehule
psql's \s (print command history) doesn't work at all with recent libedit
versions when printing to the terminal, because libedit tries to do an
fchmod() on the target file which will fail if the target is /dev/tty.
(We'd already noted this in the context of the target being /dev/null.)
Even before that, it didn't work pleasantly, because libedit likes to
encode the command history file (to ensure successful reloading), which
renders it nigh unreadable, not to mention significantly different-looking
depending on exactly which libedit version you have. So let's forget using
write_history() for this purpose, and instead print the data ourselves,
using logic similar to that used to iterate over the history for newline
encoding/decoding purposes.
While we're at it, insert the ability to use the pager when \s is printing
to the terminal. This has been an acknowledged shortcoming of \s for many
years, so while you could argue it's not exactly a back-patchable bug fix
it still seems like a good improvement. Anyone who's seriously annoyed
at this can use "\s /dev/tty" or local equivalent to get the old behavior.
Experimentation with this showed that the history iteration logic was
actually rather broken when used with libedit. It turns out that with
libedit you have to use previous_history() not next_history() to advance
to more recent history entries. The easiest and most robust fix for this
seems to be to make a run-time test to verify which function to call.
We had not noticed this because libedit doesn't really need the newline
encoding logic: its own encoding ensures that command entries containing
newlines are reloaded correctly (unlike libreadline). So the effective
behavior with recent libedits was that only the oldest history entry got
newline-encoded or newline-decoded. However, because of yet other bugs in
history_set_pos(), some old versions of libedit allowed the existing loop
logic to reach entries besides the oldest, which means there may be libedit
~/.psql_history files out there containing encoded newlines in more than
just the oldest entry. To ensure we can reload such files, it seems
appropriate to back-patch this fix, even though that will result in some
incompatibility with older psql versions (ie, multiline history entries
written by a psql with this fix will look corrupted to a psql without it,
if its libedit is reasonably up to date).
Stepan Rutz and Tom Lane
The old claim is from my commit d06ebdb8d3 of
2000-07-17, but it seems to have been a plain old thinko; sum(float4) has
been distinct from sum(float8) since Berkeley days. Noted by KaiGai Kohei.
While at it, mention the existence of sum(money), which is also of
embarrassingly ancient vintage.
Tom Lane