Per the precedent set by 04539e73f, adjust article prefixes for "SQL" to
use "an" consistently rather than "a", i.e., "an es-que-ell" rather than
"a sequel".
Both of these are new to v18. Also see b1b13d2b5, d866f0374 and
7bdd489d3.
Add a paragraph break per suggestion from David G. Johnston.
Use a consistent voice for all the different parameter
descriptions, and fix a couple of grammatical issues.
Reported-by: Igor Korot <ikorot01@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: "David G. Johnston" <david.g.johnston@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA+FnnTz=EW1VQRpWB9J+G-NSchrPFcw4nR7d0JqzEK9jWKB35A@mail.gmail.com
It's been twenty years since we generated constraint names that
look like "$N". So this advice about double-quoting such names
is well past its sell-by date, and now it merely seems confusing.
Reported-by: Yaroslav Saburov <y.saburov@gmail.com>
Author: "David G. Johnston" <david.g.johnston@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/174393459040.678.17810152410419444783@wrigleys.postgresql.org
Backpatch-through: 13
It's weird to have the core regression tests depending on contrib
code, and coverage testing shows that those test queries add nothing
to the core-code coverage of the core tests. So pull those test bits
out and put them into ordinary test scripts inside contrib/spi/,
making that more like other contrib modules.
Aside from being structurally nicer, anything we can take out of the
core tests (which are executed multiple times per check-world run)
and put into tests executed only once should be a win. It doesn't
look like this change will buy a whole lot of milliseconds, but a
cycle saved is a cycle earned.
Also, there is some discussion around possibly removing refint and/or
autoinc altogether. I don't know if that will happen, but we'd
certainly need to decouple them from the core tests to do so.
The tests for autoinc were quite intertwined with the undocumented
"ttdummy" trigger in regress.c. That made the tests very hard to
understand and contributed nothing to autoinc's testing either.
So I just deleted ttdummy and rewrote the autoinc tests without it.
I realized while doing this that the description of autoinc in
the SGML docs is not a great description of what the function
actually does, so the patch includes some updates to those docs.
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Reviewed-by: Heikki Linnakangas <hlinnaka@iki.fi>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3872677.1744077559@sss.pgh.pa.us
The page_num was defined as integer, which should be sufficient for the
near future (with 4K pages it's 8TB). But it's virtually free to return
bigint, and get a wider range. This was agreed on the thread, but I
forgot to tweak this in ba2a3c2302.
While at it, make the data types in CREATE VIEW a bit more consistent.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAKZiRmxh6KWo0aqRqvmcoaX2jUxZYb4kGp3N%3Dq1w%2BDiH-696Xw%40mail.gmail.co
It can be set to either COPY (the default) or CLONE if the system
supports it. CLONE causes callers of copydir(), currently CREATE
DATABASE ... STRATEGY=FILE_COPY and ALTER DATABASE ... SET TABLESPACE =
..., to use copy_file_range (Linux, FreeBSD) or copyfile (macOS) to copy
files instead of a read-write loop over the contents.
CLONE gives the kernel the opportunity to share block ranges on
copy-on-write file systems and push copying down to storage on others,
depending on configuration. On some systems CLONE can be used to clone
large databases quickly with CREATE DATABASE ... TEMPLATE=source
STRATEGY=FILE_COPY.
Other operating systems could be supported; patches welcome.
Co-authored-by: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <byavuz81@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Ranier Vilela <ranier.vf@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA%2BhUKGLM%2Bt%2BSwBU-cHeMUXJCOgBxSHLGZutV5zCwY4qrCcE02w%40mail.gmail.com
This adds a function for retrieving memory context statistics
and information from backends as well as auxiliary processes.
The intended usecase is cluster debugging when under memory
pressure or unanticipated memory usage characteristics.
When calling the function it sends a signal to the specified
process to submit statistics regarding its memory contexts
into dynamic shared memory. Each memory context is returned
in detail, followed by a cumulative total in case the number
of contexts exceed the max allocated amount of shared memory.
Each process is limited to use at most 1Mb memory for this.
A summary can also be explicitly requested by the user, this
will return the TopMemoryContext and a cumulative total of
all lower contexts.
In order to not block on busy processes the caller specifies
the number of seconds during which to retry before timing out.
In the case where no statistics are published within the set
timeout, the last known statistics are returned, or NULL if
no previously published statistics exist. This allows dash-
board type queries to continually publish even if the target
process is temporarily congested. Context records contain a
timestamp to indicate when they were submitted.
Author: Rahila Syed <rahilasyed90@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Gustafsson <daniel@yesql.se>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de>
Reviewed-by: Tomas Vondra <tomas@vondra.me>
Reviewed-by: Atsushi Torikoshi <torikoshia@oss.nttdata.com>
Reviewed-by: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@oss.nttdata.com>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Korotkov <aekorotkov@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAH2L28v8mc9HDt8QoSJ8TRmKau_8FM_HKS41NeO9-6ZAkuZKXw@mail.gmail.com
In addition to the added functions, the pg_buffercache_evict() function now
shows whether the buffer was flushed.
pg_buffercache_evict_relation(): Evicts all shared buffers in a
relation at once.
pg_buffercache_evict_all(): Evicts all shared buffers at once.
Both functions provide mechanism to evict multiple shared buffers at
once. They are designed to address the inefficiency of repeatedly calling
pg_buffercache_evict() for each individual buffer, which can be time-consuming
when dealing with large shared buffer pools. (e.g., ~477ms vs. ~2576ms for
16GB of fully populated shared buffers).
These functions are intended for developer testing and debugging
purposes and are available to superusers only.
Minimal tests for the new functions are included. Also, there was no test for
pg_buffercache_evict(), test for this added too.
No new extension version is needed, as it was already increased this release
by ba2a3c2302.
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <byavuz81@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de>
Reviewed-by: Aidar Imamov <a.imamov@postgrespro.ru>
Reviewed-by: Joseph Koshakow <koshy44@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ0h_YoSqqutxV6DES1RW8ig6wcA8CR9rJk358YRMxZFmw%40mail.gmail.com
A PG 17 optimization allowed columns with NOT NULL constraints to skip
table scans for IS NULL queries, and to skip IS NOT NULL checks for IS
NOT NULL queries. This didn't work for domain types, since domain types
don't follow the IS NULL/IS NOT NULL constraint logic. To fix, disable
this optimization for domains for PG 17+.
Reported-by: Jan Behrens
Diagnosed-by: Tom Lane
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/Z37p0paENWWUarj-@momjian.us
Backpatch-through: 17
Introduces a new view pg_buffercache_numa, showing NUMA memory nodes
for individual buffers. For each buffer the view returns an entry for
each memory page, with the associated NUMA node.
The database blocks and OS memory pages may have different size - the
default block size is 8KB, while the memory page is 4K (on x86). But
other combinations are possible, depending on configure parameters,
platform, etc. This means buffers may overlap with multiple memory
pages, each associated with a different NUMA node.
To determine the NUMA node for a buffer, we first need to touch the
memory pages using pg_numa_touch_mem_if_required, otherwise we might get
status -2 (ENOENT = The page is not present), indicating the page is
either unmapped or unallocated.
The view may be relatively expensive, especially when accessed for the
first time in a backend, as it touches all memory pages to get reliable
information about the NUMA node. This may also force allocation of the
shared memory.
Author: Jakub Wartak <jakub.wartak@enterprisedb.com>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de>
Reviewed-by: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Tomas Vondra <tomas@vondra.me>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAKZiRmxh6KWo0aqRqvmcoaX2jUxZYb4kGp3N%3Dq1w%2BDiH-696Xw%40mail.gmail.com
Introduce new pg_shmem_alloctions_numa view with information about how
shared memory is distributed across NUMA nodes. For each shared memory
segment, the view returns one row for each NUMA node backing it, with
the total amount of memory allocated from that node.
The view may be relatively expensive, especially when executed for the
first time in a backend, as it has to touch all memory pages to get
reliable information about the NUMA node. This may also force allocation
of the shared memory.
Unlike pg_shmem_allocations, the view does not show anonymous shared
memory allocations. It also does not show memory allocated using the
dynamic shared memory infrastructure.
Author: Jakub Wartak <jakub.wartak@enterprisedb.com>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de>
Reviewed-by: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Tomas Vondra <tomas@vondra.me>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAKZiRmxh6KWo0aqRqvmcoaX2jUxZYb4kGp3N%3Dq1w%2BDiH-696Xw%40mail.gmail.com
Add basic NUMA awareness routines, using a minimal src/port/pg_numa.c
portability wrapper and an optional build dependency, enabled by
--with-libnuma configure option. For now this is Linux-only, other
platforms may be supported later.
A built-in SQL function pg_numa_available() allows checking NUMA
support, i.e. that the server was built/linked with the NUMA library.
The main function introduced is pg_numa_query_pages(), which allows
determining the NUMA node for individual memory pages. Internally the
function uses move_pages(2) syscall, as it allows batching, and is more
efficient than get_mempolicy(2).
Author: Jakub Wartak <jakub.wartak@enterprisedb.com>
Co-authored-by: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de>
Reviewed-by: Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org>
Reviewed-by: Tomas Vondra <tomas@vondra.me>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAKZiRmxh6KWo0aqRqvmcoaX2jUxZYb4kGp3N%3Dq1w%2BDiH-696Xw%40mail.gmail.com
check_foreign_key incorrectly used a single cache entry for its saved
plans for a 'c' (cascade) trigger, although there are two different
queries to execute depending on whether it fires for an update or a
delete. This caused the wrong things to be done if both types of
event occur in one session. (This was indeed visible in the triggers
regression test, but apparently nobody ever questioned it.) To fix,
add the operation type to the cache key.
Its debug log output failed to distinguish update from delete
events, too.
Also, change the intended trigger usage from BEFORE ROW to AFTER ROW,
and add checks insisting on that usage. BEFORE is really rather
unsafe, since if there are other BEFORE triggers they might change or
cancel the operation we are trying to check. AFTER triggers are the
standard way to propagate changes to other rows, so we should follow
that way here.
In passing, remove a useless duplicate lookup of the cache entry.
This code is mostly intended as a documentation example, so we
won't consider a back-patch.
Author: Dmitrii Bondar <d.bondar@postgrespro.ru>
Reviewed-by: Paul Jungwirth <pj@illuminatedcomputing.com>
Reviewed-by: Lilian Ontowhee <ontowhee@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/79755a2b18ed4fe5e29da6a87a1e00d1@postgrespro.ru
This allows them to be added without scanning the table, and validating
them afterwards without holding access exclusive lock on the table after
any violating rows have been deleted or fixed.
Doing ALTER TABLE ... SET NOT NULL for a column that has an invalid
not-null constraint validates that constraint. ALTER TABLE .. VALIDATE
CONSTRAINT is also supported. There are various checks on whether an
invalid constraint is allowed in a child table when the parent table has
a valid constraint; this should match what we do for enforced/not
enforced constraints.
pg_attribute.attnotnull is now only an indicator for whether a not-null
constraint exists for the column; whether it's valid or invalid must be
queried in pg_constraint. Applications can continue to query
pg_attribute.attnotnull as before, but now it's possible that NULL rows
are present in the column even when that's set to true.
For backend internal purposes, we cache the nullability status in
CompactAttribute->attnullability that each tuple descriptor carries
(replacing CompactAttribute.attnotnull, which was a mirror of
Form_pg_attribute.attnotnull). During the initial tuple descriptor
creation, based on the pg_attribute scan, we set this to UNRESTRICTED if
pg_attribute.attnotnull is false, or to UNKNOWN if it's true; then we
update the latter to VALID or INVALID depending on the pg_constraint
scan. This flag is also copied when tupledescs are copied.
Comparing tuple descs for equality must also compare the
CompactAttribute.attnullability flag and return false in case of a
mismatch.
pg_dump deals with these constraints by storing the OIDs of invalid
not-null constraints in a separate array, and running a query to obtain
their properties. The regular table creation SQL omits them entirely.
They are then dealt with in the same way as "separate" CHECK
constraints, and dumped after the data has been loaded. Because no
additional pg_dump infrastructure was required, we don't bump its
version number.
I decided not to bump catversion either, because the old catalog state
works perfectly in the new world. (Trying to run with new catalog state
and the old server version would likely run into issues, however.)
System catalogs do not support invalid not-null constraints (because
commit 14e87ffa5c didn't allow them to have pg_constraint rows
anyway.)
Author: Rushabh Lathia <rushabh.lathia@gmail.com>
Author: Jian He <jian.universality@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org>
Tested-by: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAGPqQf0KitkNack4F5CFkFi-9Dqvp29Ro=EpcWt=4_hs-Rt+bQ@mail.gmail.com
This escape shows the numeric server IP address that the client
has connected to. Unix-socket connections will show "[local]".
Non-client processes (e.g. background processes) will show "[none]".
We expect that this option will be of interest to only a fairly
small number of users. Therefore the implementation is optimized
for the case where it's not used (that is, we don't do the string
conversion until we have to), and we've not added the field to
csvlog or jsonlog formats.
Author: Greg Sabino Mullane <htamfids@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Cary Huang <cary.huang@highgo.ca>
Reviewed-by: David Steele <david@pgmasters.net>
Reviewed-by: Jim Jones <jim.jones@uni-muenster.de>
Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAKAnmmK-U+UicE-qbNU23K--Q5XTLdM6bj+gbkZBZkjyjrd3Ow@mail.gmail.com
Clarify the project naming in the history section of the docs
to match the recent license preamble changes.
Backpatch to all supported versions.
Author: Dave Page <dpage@pgadmin.org>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Gustafsson <daniel@yesql.se>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA+OCxozLzK2+Jc14XZyWXSp6L9Ot+3efwXUE35FJG=fsbib2EA@mail.gmail.com
Backpatch-through: 13
pg_dumpall acquires a new -F/--format option, with the same meanings as
pg_dump. The default is p, meaning plain text. For any other value, a
directory is created containing two files, globals.data and map.dat. The
first contains SQL for restoring the global data, and the second
contains a map from oids to database names. It will also contain a
subdirectory called databases, inside which it will create archives in
the specified format, named using the database oids.
In these casess the -f argument is required.
If pg_restore encounters a directory containing globals.dat, and no
toc.dat, it restores the global settings and then restores each
database.
pg_restore acquires two new options: -g/--globals-only which suppresses
restoration of any databases, and --exclude-database which inhibits
restoration of particualr database(s) in the same way the same option
works in pg_dumpall.
Author: Mahendra Singh Thalor <mahi6run@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Andrew Dunstan <andrew@dunslane.net>
Reviewed-by: jian he <jian.universality@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Srinath Reddy <srinath2133@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/cb103623-8ee6-4ba5-a2c9-f32e3a4933fa@dunslane.net
This new option instructs pg_recvlogical to create the logical
replication slot with the failover option enabled. It can be used in
conjunction with the --create-slot option.
Author: Hayato Kuroda <kuroda.hayato@fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Michael Banck <mbanck@gmx.net>
Reviewed-by: Masahiko Sawada <sawada.mshk@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/OSCPR01MB14966C54097FC83AF19F3516BF5AC2@OSCPR01MB14966.jpnprd01.prod.outlook.com
Teach nbtree multi-column index scans to opportunistically skip over
irrelevant sections of the index given a query with no "=" conditions on
one or more prefix index columns. When nbtree is passed input scan keys
derived from a predicate "WHERE b = 5", new nbtree preprocessing steps
output "WHERE a = ANY(<every possible 'a' value>) AND b = 5" scan keys.
That is, preprocessing generates a "skip array" (and an output scan key)
for the omitted prefix column "a", which makes it safe to mark the scan
key on "b" as required to continue the scan. The scan is therefore able
to repeatedly reposition itself by applying both the "a" and "b" keys.
A skip array has "elements" that are generated procedurally and on
demand, but otherwise works just like a regular ScalarArrayOp array.
Preprocessing can freely add a skip array before or after any input
ScalarArrayOp arrays. Index scans with a skip array decide when and
where to reposition the scan using the same approach as any other scan
with array keys. This design builds on the design for array advancement
and primitive scan scheduling added to Postgres 17 by commit 5bf748b8.
Testing has shown that skip scans of an index with a low cardinality
skipped prefix column can be multiple orders of magnitude faster than an
equivalent full index scan (or sequential scan). In general, the
cardinality of the scan's skipped column(s) limits the number of leaf
pages that can be skipped over.
The core B-Tree operator classes on most discrete types generate their
array elements with the help of their own custom skip support routine.
This infrastructure gives nbtree a way to generate the next required
array element by incrementing (or decrementing) the current array value.
It can reduce the number of index descents in cases where the next
possible indexable value frequently turns out to be the next value
stored in the index. Opclasses that lack a skip support routine fall
back on having nbtree "increment" (or "decrement") a skip array's
current element by setting the NEXT (or PRIOR) scan key flag, without
directly changing the scan key's sk_argument. These sentinel values
behave just like any other value from an array -- though they can never
locate equal index tuples (they can only locate the next group of index
tuples containing the next set of non-sentinel values that the scan's
arrays need to advance to).
A skip array's range is constrained by "contradictory" inequality keys.
For example, a skip array on "x" will only generate the values 1 and 2
given a qual such as "WHERE x BETWEEN 1 AND 2 AND y = 66". Such a skip
array qual usually has near-identical performance characteristics to a
comparable SAOP qual "WHERE x = ANY('{1, 2}') AND y = 66". However,
improved performance isn't guaranteed. Much depends on physical index
characteristics.
B-Tree preprocessing is optimistic about skipping working out: it
applies static, generic rules when determining where to generate skip
arrays, which assumes that the runtime overhead of maintaining skip
arrays will pay for itself -- or lead to only a modest performance loss.
As things stand, these assumptions are much too optimistic: skip array
maintenance will lead to unacceptable regressions with unsympathetic
queries (queries whose scan can't skip over many irrelevant leaf pages).
An upcoming commit will address the problems in this area by enhancing
_bt_readpage's approach to saving cycles on scan key evaluation, making
it work in a way that directly considers the needs of = array keys
(particularly = skip array keys).
Author: Peter Geoghegan <pg@bowt.ie>
Reviewed-By: Masahiro Ikeda <masahiro.ikeda@nttdata.com>
Reviewed-By: Heikki Linnakangas <heikki.linnakangas@iki.fi>
Reviewed-By: Matthias van de Meent <boekewurm+postgres@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Tomas Vondra <tomas@vondra.me>
Reviewed-By: Aleksander Alekseev <aleksander@timescale.com>
Reviewed-By: Alena Rybakina <a.rybakina@postgrespro.ru>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAH2-Wzmn1YsLzOGgjAQZdn1STSG_y8qP__vggTaPAYXJP+G4bw@mail.gmail.com
Previously, "COPY table TO" command worked only with plain tables and
did not support materialized views, even when they were populated and
had physical storage. To copy rows from materialized views,
"COPY (query) TO" command had to be used, instead.
This commit extends "COPY table TO" to support populated materialized
views directly, improving usability and performance, as "COPY table TO"
is generally faster than "COPY (query) TO". Note that copying from
unpopulated materialized views will still result in an error.
Author: jian he <jian.universality@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kirill Reshke <reshkekirill@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: David G. Johnston <david.g.johnston@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Vignesh C <vignesh21@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CACJufxHVxnyRYy67hiPePNCPwVBMzhTQ6FaL9_Te5On9udG=yg@mail.gmail.com
Previously, ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES did not support large objects.
This meant that to grant privileges to users other than the owner,
permissions had to be manually assigned each time a large object
was created, which was inconvenient.
This commit extends ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES to allow defining default
access privileges for large objects. With this change, specified privileges
will automatically apply to newly created large objects, making privilege
management more efficient.
As a side effect, this commit introduces the new keyword OBJECTS
since it's used in the syntax of ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES.
Original patch by Haruka Takatsuka, with some fixes and tests by Yugo Nagata,
and rebased by Laurenz Albe.
Author: Takatsuka Haruka <harukat@sraoss.co.jp>
Co-authored-by: Yugo Nagata <nagata@sraoss.co.jp>
Co-authored-by: Laurenz Albe <laurenz.albe@cybertec.at>
Reviewed-by: Masao Fujii <masao.fujii@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20240424115242.236b499b2bed5b7a27f7a418@sraoss.co.jp
The documentation for the special value "system" for sslrootcert could
be misinterpreted to mean the default operating system CA store, which
it may be, but it's defined to be the default CA store of the SSL lib
used.
Backpatch down to v16 where support for the system value was added.
Author: Daniel Gustafsson <daniel@yesql.se>
Reviewed-by: George MacKerron <george@mackerron.co.uk>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/B3CBBAA3-6EA3-4AB7-8619-4BBFAB93DDB4@yesql.se
Backpatch-through: 16
Previously, invalidated logical and physical replication slots could
be copied using the pg_copy_logical_replication_slot and
pg_copy_physical_replication_slot functions. Replication slots that
were invalidated for reasons other than WAL removal retained their
restart_lsn. This meant that a new slot copied from an invalidated
slot could have a restart_lsn pointing to a WAL segment that might
have already been removed.
This commit restricts the copying of invalidated replication slots.
Backpatch to v16, where slots could retain their restart_lsn when
invalidated for reasons other than WAL removal.
For v15 and earlier, this check is not required since slots can only
be invalidated due to WAL removal, and existing checks already handle
this issue.
Author: Shlok Kyal <shlok.kyal.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: vignesh C <vignesh21@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Zhijie Hou <houzj.fnst@fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Smith <smithpb2250@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Masahiko Sawada <sawada.mshk@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila <amit.kapila16@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CANhcyEU65aH0VYnLiu%3DOhNNxhnhNhwcXBeT-jvRe1OiJTo_Ayg%40mail.gmail.com
Backpatch-through: 16
This adds a new connection parameter which instructs libpq to
write out keymaterial clientside into a file in order to make
connection debugging with Wireshark and similar tools possible.
The file format used is the standardized NSS format.
Author: Abhishek Chanda <abhishek.becs@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Daniel Gustafsson <daniel@yesql.se>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <jacob.champion@enterprisedb.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAKiP-K85C8uQbzXKWf5wHQPkuygGUGcufke713iHmYWOe9q2dA@mail.gmail.com
This enables sortsupport in the btree_gist extension for faster builds
of gist indexes.
Sorted gist index build strategy is the new default now. Regression
tests are unchanged (except for one small change in the 'enum' test to
add coverage for enum values added later) and are using the sorted
build strategy instead.
One version of this was committed a long time ago already, in commit
9f984ba6d2, but it was quickly reverted because of buildfarm
failures. The failures were presumably caused by some small bugs, but
we never got around to debug and commit it again. This patch was
written from scratch, implementing the same idea, with some fragments
and ideas from the original patch.
Author: Bernd Helmle <mailings@oopsware.de>
Author: Andrey Borodin <x4mmm@yandex-team.ru>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/64d324ce2a6d535d3f0f3baeeea7b25beff82ce4.camel@oopsware.de
The issue is that the transactions prepared before two-phase decoding is
enabled can fail to replicate to the subscriber after being committed on a
promoted standby following a failover. This is because the two_phase_at
field of a slot, which tracks the LSN from which two-phase decoding
starts, is not synchronized to standby servers. Without two_phase_at, the
logical decoding might incorrectly identify prepared transaction as
already replicated to the subscriber after promotion of standby server,
causing them to be skipped.
To address the issue on HEAD, the two_phase_at field of the slot is
exposed by the pg_replication_slots view and allows the slot
synchronization to copy this value to the corresponding synced slot on the
standby server.
This bug is likely to occur if the user toggles the two_phase option to
true after initial slot creation. Given that altering the two_phase option
of a replication slot is not allowed in PostgreSQL 17, this bug is less
likely to occur. We can't change the view/function definition in
backbranch so we can't push the same fix but we are brainstorming an
appropriate solution for PG17.
Author: Zhijie Hou <houzj.fnst@fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila <amit.kapila16@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Masahiko Sawada <sawada.mshk@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/TYAPR01MB5724CC7C288535BBCEEE65DA94A72@TYAPR01MB5724.jpnprd01.prod.outlook.com
In the historical implementation of SQL functions (if they don't get
inlined), we built plans for all the contained queries at first call
within an outer query, and then re-used those plans for the duration
of the outer query, and then forgot everything. This was not ideal,
not least because the plans could not be customized to specific values
of the function's parameters. Our plancache infrastructure seems
mature enough to be used here. That will solve both the problem with
not being able to build custom plans and the problem with not being
able to share work across successive outer queries.
Aside from those performance concerns, this change fixes a
longstanding bugaboo with SQL functions: you could not write DDL that
would affect later statements in the same function. That's mostly
still true with new-style SQL functions, since the results of parse
analysis are baked into the stored query trees (and protected by
dependency records). But for old-style SQL functions, it will now
work much as it does with PL/pgSQL functions, because we delay parse
analysis and planning of each query until we're ready to run it.
Some edge cases that require replanning are now handled better too;
see for example the new rowsecurity test, where we now detect an RLS
context change that was previously missed.
One other edge-case change that might be worthy of a release note
is that we now insist that a SQL function's result be generated
by the physically-last query within it. Previously, if the last
original query was deleted by a DO INSTEAD NOTHING rule, we'd be
willing to take the result from the preceding query instead.
This behavior was undocumented except in source-code comments,
and it seems hard to believe that anyone's relying on it.
Along the way to this feature, we needed a few infrastructure changes:
* The plancache can now take either a raw parse tree or an
analyzed-but-not-rewritten Query as the starting point for a
CachedPlanSource. If given a Query, it is caller's responsibility
that nothing will happen to invalidate that form of the query.
We use this for new-style SQL functions, where what's in pg_proc is
serialized Query(s) and we trust the dependency mechanism to disallow
DDL that would break those.
* The plancache now offers a way to invoke a post-rewrite callback
to examine/modify the rewritten parse tree when it is rebuilding
the parse trees after a cache invalidation. We need this because
SQL functions sometimes adjust the parse tree to make its output
exactly match the declared result type; if the plan gets rebuilt,
that has to be re-done.
* There is a new backend module utils/cache/funccache.c that
abstracts the idea of caching data about a specific function
usage (a particular function and set of input data types).
The code in it is moved almost verbatim from PL/pgSQL, which
has done that for a long time. We use that logic now for
SQL-language functions too, and maybe other PLs will have use
for it in the future.
Author: Alexander Pyhalov <a.pyhalov@postgrespro.ru>
Co-authored-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Reviewed-by: Pavel Stehule <pavel.stehule@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/8216639.NyiUUSuA9g@aivenlaptop
Move the discussion on protocol versions and version negotiation to a
new "Protocol versions" section. Add a table listing all the different
protocol versions, starting from the obsolete protocol version 2, and
the PostgreSQL versions that support each.
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/69f53970-1d55-4165-9151-6fb524e36af9@iki.fi
Currently, the cancel request key is a 32-bit token, which isn't very
much entropy. If you want to cancel another session's query, you can
brute-force it. In most environments, an unauthorized cancellation of
a query isn't very serious, but it nevertheless would be nice to have
more protection from it. Hence make the key longer, to make it harder
to guess.
The longer cancellation keys are generated when using the new protocol
version 3.2. For connections using version 3.0, short 4-bytes keys are
still used.
The new longer key length is not hardcoded in the protocol anymore,
the client is expected to deal with variable length keys, up to 256
bytes. This flexibility allows e.g. a connection pooler to add more
information to the cancel key, which might be useful for finding the
connection.
Reviewed-by: Jelte Fennema-Nio <postgres@jeltef.nl>
Reviewed-by: Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com> (earlier versions)
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/508d0505-8b7a-4864-a681-e7e5edfe32aa@iki.fi
All supported version of the PostgreSQL server send the
NegotiateProtocolVersion message when an unsupported minor protocol
version is requested by a client. But many other applications that
implement the PostgreSQL protocol (connection poolers, or other
databases) do not, and the same is true for PostgreSQL server versions
older than 9.3. Connecting to such other applications thus fails if a
client requests a protocol version different than 3.0.
This patch adds a max_protocol_version connection option to libpq that
specifies the protocol version that libpq should request from the
server. Currently only 3.0 is supported, but that will change in a
future commit that bumps the protocol version. Even after that version
bump the default will likely stay 3.0 for the time being. Once more of
the ecosystem supports the NegotiateProtocolVersion message we might
want to change the default to the latest minor version.
This also adds the similar min_protocol_version connection option, to
allow the client to specify that connecting should fail if a lower
protocol version is attempted by the server. This can be used to
ensure that certain protocol features are used, which can be
particularly useful if those features impact security.
Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <postgres@jeltef.nl>
Reviewed-by: Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com> (earlier versions)
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/CAGECzQTfc_O%2BHXqAo5_-xG4r3EFVsTefUeQzSvhEyyLDba-O9w@mail.gmail.com
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/CAGECzQRbAGqJnnJJxTdKewTsNOovUt4bsx3NFfofz3m2j-t7tA@mail.gmail.com
The reasoning for why all the message formats are parseable without
the explicit message length field is anachronistic; the real reason is
that protocol version 2 did not have a message length field. There's
nothing wrong with relying on the message length, like we do in the
CopyData messags, even though it often still makes sense to have
length fields for individual parts in messages.
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/02a4eed2-98f0-4796-9d4f-12128ff44fe0@iki.fi
This expands the NOT ENFORCED constraint flag, previously only
supported for CHECK constraints (commit ca87c415e2), to foreign key
constraints.
Normally, when a foreign key constraint is created on a table, action
and check triggers are added to maintain data integrity. With this
patch, if a constraint is marked as NOT ENFORCED, integrity checks are
no longer required, making these triggers unnecessary. Consequently,
when creating a NOT ENFORCED foreign key constraint, triggers will not
be created, and the constraint will be marked as NOT VALID.
Similarly, if an existing foreign key constraint is changed to NOT
ENFORCED, the associated triggers will be dropped, and the constraint
will also be marked as NOT VALID. Conversely, if a NOT ENFORCED
foreign key constraint is changed to ENFORCED, the necessary triggers
will be created, and the will be changed to VALID by performing
necessary validation.
Since not-enforced foreign key constraints have no triggers, the
shortcut used for example in psql and pg_dump to skip looking for
foreign keys if the relation is known not to have triggers no longer
applies. (It already didn't work for partitioned tables.)
Author: Amul Sul <sulamul@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Joel Jacobson <joel@compiler.org>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Dunstan <andrew@dunslane.net>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
Reviewed-by: jian he <jian.universality@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Alvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org>
Reviewed-by: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Isaac Morland <isaac.morland@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Alexandra Wang <alexandra.wang.oss@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Triveni N <triveni.n@enterprisedb.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAAJ_b962c5AcYW9KUt_R_ER5qs3fUGbe4az-SP-vuwPS-w-AGA@mail.gmail.com
Even after reaching the minimum recovery point, if there are long-lived
write transactions with 64 subtransactions on the primary, the recovery
snapshot may not yet be ready for hot standby, delaying read-only
connections on the standby. Previously, when read-only connections were
not accepted due to this condition, the following error message was logged:
FATAL: the database system is not yet accepting connections
DETAIL: Consistent recovery state has not been yet reached.
This DETAIL message was misleading because the following message was
already logged in this case:
LOG: consistent recovery state reached
This contradiction, i.e., indicating that the recovery state was consistent
while also stating it wasn’t, caused confusion.
This commit improves the error message to better reflect the actual state:
FATAL: the database system is not yet accepting connections
DETAIL: Recovery snapshot is not yet ready for hot standby.
HINT: To enable hot standby, close write transactions with more than 64 subtransactions on the primary server.
To implement this, the commit introduces a new postmaster signal,
PMSIGNAL_RECOVERY_CONSISTENT. When the startup process reaches
a consistent recovery state, it sends this signal to the postmaster,
allowing it to correctly recognize that state.
Since this is not a clear bug, the change is applied only to the master
branch and is not back-patched.
Author: Atsushi Torikoshi <torikoshia@oss.nttdata.com>
Co-authored-by: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Yugo Nagata <nagata@sraoss.co.jp>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/02db8cd8e1f527a8b999b94a4bee3165@oss.nttdata.com
Create a function that will sort the elements of an array
according to the element type's sort order. If the array
has more than one dimension, the sub-arrays of the first
dimension are sorted per normal array-comparison rules,
leaving their contents alone.
In support of this, add pg_type.typarray to the set of fields
cached by the typcache.
Author: Junwang Zhao <zhjwpku@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Jian He <jian.universality@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Aleksander Alekseev <aleksander@timescale.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAEG8a3J41a4dpw_-F94fF-JPRXYxw-GfsgoGotKcjs9LVfEEvw@mail.gmail.com
--copy-file-range and --swap were not mentioned in a few places
that discuss the available file transfer modes. This entire page
would likely benefit from an overhaul, but that's v19 material at
this point.
Oversights in commits d93627bcbe and 626d7236b6.
These are fairly basic, but better than nothing. While there are several
opportunities to link to these entries, this patch does not add any. They will
however be referenced by future patches.
Reviewed-by: Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20250326183102.92.nmisch@google.com
hot_standby_feedback mechanics assume that clocks are synchronized,
but it was not clear from documentation.
Author: Jakub Wartak <jakub.wartak@enterprisedb.com>
Reviewed-by: Euler Taveira <euler@eulerto.com>
Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila <amit.kapila16@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: vignesh C <vignesh21@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAKZiRmwBcALLrDgCyEhHP1enUxtPMjyNM_d1A2Lng3_6Rf4Qfw%40mail.gmail.com
David Rowley