postgres_fdw: Fix the fix for crash when pushing down multiple joins.

Commit 3151f16e18 was intended to be
a commit of a patch from Ashutosh Bapat, but instead I mistakenly
committed an earlier version from Michael Paquier (because both
patches were submitted with the same filename, and I confused them).
Michael's patch fixes the crash but doesn't actually implement the
correct test.

Repair the incorrect logic, and also expand the comments considerably
so that this is all more clear.

Ashutosh Bapat and Robert Haas

contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out

@@ -478,6 +478,74 @@ SELECT t1."C 1" FROM "S 1"."T 1" t1 left join ft1 t2 join ft2 t3 on (t2.c1 = t3.
  110
 (10 rows)
 
+-- Test similar to above, except that the full join prevents any equivalence
+-- classes from being merged. This produces single relation equivalence classes
+-- included in join restrictions.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS false, VERBOSE)
+	SELECT t1."C 1", t2.c1, t3.c1 FROM "S 1"."T 1" t1 left join ft1 t2 full join ft2 t3 on (t2.c1 = t3.c1) on (t3.c1 = t1."C 1") OFFSET 100 LIMIT 10;
+                                                                            QUERY PLAN                                                                            
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Limit
+   Output: t1."C 1", t2.c1, t3.c1
+   ->  Merge Right Join
+         Output: t1."C 1", t2.c1, t3.c1
+         Merge Cond: (t3.c1 = t1."C 1")
+         ->  Foreign Scan
+               Output: t3.c1, t2.c1
+               Relations: (public.ft2 t3) LEFT JOIN (public.ft1 t2)
+               Remote SQL: SELECT r3."C 1", r2."C 1" FROM ("S 1"."T 1" r3 LEFT JOIN "S 1"."T 1" r2 ON (((r2."C 1" = r3."C 1")))) ORDER BY r3."C 1" ASC NULLS LAST
+         ->  Index Only Scan using t1_pkey on "S 1"."T 1" t1
+               Output: t1."C 1"
+(11 rows)
+
+SELECT t1."C 1", t2.c1, t3.c1 FROM "S 1"."T 1" t1 left join ft1 t2 full join ft2 t3 on (t2.c1 = t3.c1) on (t3.c1 = t1."C 1") OFFSET 100 LIMIT 10;
+ C 1 | c1  | c1  
+-----+-----+-----
+ 101 | 101 | 101
+ 102 | 102 | 102
+ 103 | 103 | 103
+ 104 | 104 | 104
+ 105 | 105 | 105
+ 106 | 106 | 106
+ 107 | 107 | 107
+ 108 | 108 | 108
+ 109 | 109 | 109
+ 110 | 110 | 110
+(10 rows)
+
+-- Test similar to above with all full outer joins
+EXPLAIN (COSTS false, VERBOSE)
+	SELECT t1."C 1", t2.c1, t3.c1 FROM "S 1"."T 1" t1 full join ft1 t2 full join ft2 t3 on (t2.c1 = t3.c1) on (t3.c1 = t1."C 1") OFFSET 100 LIMIT 10;
+                                                                            QUERY PLAN                                                                            
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Limit
+   Output: t1."C 1", t2.c1, t3.c1
+   ->  Merge Full Join
+         Output: t1."C 1", t2.c1, t3.c1
+         Merge Cond: (t3.c1 = t1."C 1")
+         ->  Foreign Scan
+               Output: t2.c1, t3.c1
+               Relations: (public.ft1 t2) FULL JOIN (public.ft2 t3)
+               Remote SQL: SELECT r2."C 1", r3."C 1" FROM ("S 1"."T 1" r2 FULL JOIN "S 1"."T 1" r3 ON (((r2."C 1" = r3."C 1")))) ORDER BY r3."C 1" ASC NULLS LAST
+         ->  Index Only Scan using t1_pkey on "S 1"."T 1" t1
+               Output: t1."C 1"
+(11 rows)
+
+SELECT t1."C 1", t2.c1, t3.c1 FROM "S 1"."T 1" t1 full join ft1 t2 full join ft2 t3 on (t2.c1 = t3.c1) on (t3.c1 = t1."C 1") OFFSET 100 LIMIT 10;
+ C 1 | c1  | c1  
+-----+-----+-----
+ 101 | 101 | 101
+ 102 | 102 | 102
+ 103 | 103 | 103
+ 104 | 104 | 104
+ 105 | 105 | 105
+ 106 | 106 | 106
+ 107 | 107 | 107
+ 108 | 108 | 108
+ 109 | 109 | 109
+ 110 | 110 | 110
+(10 rows)
+
 RESET enable_hashjoin;
 RESET enable_nestloop;
 -- ===================================================================

contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c

@@ -669,6 +669,15 @@ postgresGetForeignRelSize(PlannerInfo *root,
  * we have and want to test whether any of them are useful.  For a foreign
  * table, we don't know what indexes are present on the remote side but
  * want to speculate about which ones we'd like to use if they existed.
+ *
+ * This function returns a list of potentially-useful equivalence classes,
+ * but it does not guarantee that an EquivalenceMember exists which contains
+ * Vars only from the given relation.  For example, given ft1 JOIN t1 ON
+ * ft1.x + t1.x = 0, this function will say that the equivalence class
+ * containing ft1.x + t1.x is potentially useful.  Supposing ft1 is remote and
+ * t1 is local (or on a different server), it will turn out that no useful
+ * ORDER BY clause can be generated.  It's not our job to figure that out
+ * here; we're only interested in identifying relevant ECs.
  */
 static List *
 get_useful_ecs_for_relation(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel)
@@ -721,13 +730,32 @@ get_useful_ecs_for_relation(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel)
 		/*
 		 * restrictinfo->mergeopfamilies != NIL is sufficient to guarantee
 		 * that left_ec and right_ec will be initialized, per comments in
-		 * distribute_qual_to_rels, and rel->joininfo should only contain ECs
+		 * distribute_qual_to_rels.
-		 * where this relation appears on one side or the other.
+		 *
+		 * We want to identify which side of this merge-joinable clause
+		 * contains columns from the relation produced by this RelOptInfo. We
+		 * test for overlap, not containment, because there could be extra
+		 * relations on either side.  For example, suppose we've got something
+		 * like ((A JOIN B ON A.x = B.x) JOIN C ON A.y = C.y) LEFT JOIN D ON
+		 * A.y = D.y.  The input rel might be the joinrel between A and B, and
+		 * we'll consider the join clause A.y = D.y. relids contains a
+		 * relation not involved in the join class (B) and the equivalence
+		 * class for the left-hand side of the clause contains a relation not
+		 * involved in the input rel (C).  Despite the fact that we have only
+		 * overlap and not containment in either direction, A.y is potentially
+		 * useful as a sort column.
+		 *
+		 * Note that it's even possible that relids overlaps neither side of
+		 * the join clause.  For example, consider A LEFT JOIN B ON A.x = B.x
+		 * AND A.x = 1.  The clause A.x = 1 will appear in B's joininfo list,
+		 * but overlaps neither side of B.  In that case, we just skip this
+		 * join clause, since it doesn't suggest a useful sort order for this
+		 * relation.
 		 */
-		if (bms_is_subset(relids, restrictinfo->right_ec->ec_relids))
+		if (bms_overlap(relids, restrictinfo->right_ec->ec_relids))
 			useful_eclass_list = list_append_unique_ptr(useful_eclass_list,
 													 restrictinfo->right_ec);
-		else if (bms_is_subset(relids, restrictinfo->left_ec->ec_relids))
+		else if (bms_overlap(relids, restrictinfo->left_ec->ec_relids))
 			useful_eclass_list = list_append_unique_ptr(useful_eclass_list,
 													  restrictinfo->left_ec);
 	}

contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql

@@ -242,6 +242,16 @@ SELECT t1.c1, t2."C 1" FROM ft2 t1 LEFT JOIN "S 1"."T 1" t2 ON (t1.c1 = t2."C 1"
 EXPLAIN (COSTS false, VERBOSE)
 	SELECT t1."C 1" FROM "S 1"."T 1" t1 left join ft1 t2 join ft2 t3 on (t2.c1 = t3.c1) on (t3.c1 = t1."C 1") OFFSET 100 LIMIT 10;
 SELECT t1."C 1" FROM "S 1"."T 1" t1 left join ft1 t2 join ft2 t3 on (t2.c1 = t3.c1) on (t3.c1 = t1."C 1") OFFSET 100 LIMIT 10;
+-- Test similar to above, except that the full join prevents any equivalence
+-- classes from being merged. This produces single relation equivalence classes
+-- included in join restrictions.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS false, VERBOSE)
+	SELECT t1."C 1", t2.c1, t3.c1 FROM "S 1"."T 1" t1 left join ft1 t2 full join ft2 t3 on (t2.c1 = t3.c1) on (t3.c1 = t1."C 1") OFFSET 100 LIMIT 10;
+SELECT t1."C 1", t2.c1, t3.c1 FROM "S 1"."T 1" t1 left join ft1 t2 full join ft2 t3 on (t2.c1 = t3.c1) on (t3.c1 = t1."C 1") OFFSET 100 LIMIT 10;
+-- Test similar to above with all full outer joins
+EXPLAIN (COSTS false, VERBOSE)
+	SELECT t1."C 1", t2.c1, t3.c1 FROM "S 1"."T 1" t1 full join ft1 t2 full join ft2 t3 on (t2.c1 = t3.c1) on (t3.c1 = t1."C 1") OFFSET 100 LIMIT 10;
+SELECT t1."C 1", t2.c1, t3.c1 FROM "S 1"."T 1" t1 full join ft1 t2 full join ft2 t3 on (t2.c1 = t3.c1) on (t3.c1 = t1."C 1") OFFSET 100 LIMIT 10;
 RESET enable_hashjoin;
 RESET enable_nestloop;