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  1. 103
      doc/FAQ_DigitalUnix
  2. 36
      doc/FAQ_FreeBSD
  3. 41
      doc/FAQ_HPUX
  4. 397
      doc/FAQ_Irix
  5. 710
      doc/FAQ_Linux
  6. 752
      doc/FAQ_Linux_German
  7. 0
      doc/FAQ_Linux_Italian
  8. 103
      doc/FAQ_SCO
  9. 88
      doc/FAQ_Solaris
  10. 9
      doc/src/sgml/runtime.sgml

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=======================================================
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) for PostgreSQL V6.4.1
FreeBSD Specific
TO BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE NORMAL FAQ
=======================================================
last updated: Mon Dec 14 17:26:03 CET 1998
current maintainer: Pedro J. Lobo (pjlobo@euitt.upm.es)
original author: Pedro J. Lobo (pjlobo@euitt.upm.es)
This FAQ covers issues that are specific for PostgreSQL running on Digital
Unix (formerly known as DEC OSF/1). Please check the global FAQ for questions
not specific to this platform.
Changes in this version (* = modified, + = new, - = removed):
This file is divided approximately as follows:
1.*) Installing PostgreSQL
1.1.*) Compiling PostgreSQL
1.2.*) Running the regression tests
Questions answered:
1.1.1) I can't compile PostgreSQL with gcc.
1.1.2) DEC C dies with an internal error when optimization is
enabled (-O flag).
1.2.1) The regression tests fail for char, varchar, select_implicit,
select_having and rules.
1.2.2) The regression tests fail for abstime, tinterval and horology.
1.2.3) The regression tests fail for geometry.
1.2.4) The regression tests fail for inet.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Section 1: Installing PostgreSQL
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Section 1.1: Compiling PostgreSQL
------------------------------------
1.1.1) I can't compile PostgreSQL with gcc.
Me too O:-) I tried to compile it with gcc 2.7.2.1 without
success. However, I've found that DEC C works much better than
gcc for alphas, and so I didn't make any effort to find out
why gcc fails. If you succedd on this task, please take the
time to update this section (see http://www.postgresql.org for
the details on how to do this).
1.1.2) The DEC C compiler dies with an internal error when optimization is
enabled (-O flag).
I've seen this happening on 3.2c and 3.2g systems, and only on
one of the source files (can't remember exactly which one).
The workaround was to compile the offending module without
optimization by hand, and re-running gmake to let the process
continue.
It doesn't happen on 4.0d systems (mine at least). Don't know
about earlier 4.0 versions.
Section 1.2: Running the regression tests
--------------------------------------------
1.2.1) The regression tests fail for char, varchar, select_implicit,
select_having and rules.
This only happens when you enable locale support, and is due
to a bug in the system's locale libraries. The problem is
that strcoll("Axxx", "axxx") returns a value greater than
zero instead of lower, which is how it should be.
This isn't a great problem unless you (or your application)
relies on upper-case letters being considered "smaller" than
lower-case for ordering purposes. Otherwise, you will only
notice that the ordering between upper-case and lower-case
letters is reversed.
1.2.2) The regression tests fail for abstime, tinterval and horology.
I think that these failures are due to some inconsistencies
in time zone handling in some years near 1950, in which case
the problem would be in the operating system's time zone
libraries. Recent dates seem to work as expected, but I can't
assure it.
1.2.3) The regression tests fail for geometry.
These are (small) rounding errors that shouldn't affect any
application (but could do, who knows).
1.2.4) The regression tests fail for inet.
Yes, they do. You must consider the inet type broken for
Digital Unix.

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=======================================================
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) for PostgreSQL V6.2.1
FreeBSD Specific
TO BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE NORMAL FAQ
=======================================================
last updated: Tue Jan 06 22:26:00 EST 1998
current maintainer: Marc G. Fournier (scrappy@postgresql.org)
original author: Marc G. Fournier (scrappy@postgresql.org)
Changes in this version (* = modified, + = new, - = removed):
This file is divided approximately as follows:
1.*) Installing PostgreSQL
Questions answered:
1.1) Everything compiles fine. Attempts to run the regression
tests make the postmaster die with an illegal system call
error.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Section 1: Installing PostgreSQL
----------------------------------------------------------------------
1.1) Everything compiles fine. Attempts to run the regression
tests make the postmaster die with an illegal system call
error.
You must reconfigure and install your kernel with the following
options enabled:
options SYSVSHM
options SYSVSEM
options SYSVMSG

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=======================================================
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) for PostgreSQL V6.5
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) for PostgreSQL 7.1
HP-UX Specific
TO BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE NORMAL FAQ
=======================================================
last updated: Sun May 23 19:48:07 EDT 1999
last updated: $Date: 2000/08/26 19:34:24 $
current maintainer: Tom Lane (tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us)
original author: Tom Lane (tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us)
@ -55,36 +55,25 @@ than 6.4.
1.2) Anything special about the build/install procedure?
When you run configure, you will want to explicitly select either the
hpux_cc or hpux_gcc template depending on which compiler you plan to
use:
./configure --with-template=hpux_cc
If you have both HP's C compiler and GCC's, then you might want to
explicitly select the compiler to use when you run `configure':
CC=cc ./configure
for HP's C compiler, or
./configure --with-template=hpux_gcc
for GNU gcc. (If you omit --with-template, configure may either
default to hpux_cc or give up entirely, depending on which HPUX and
PostgreSQL releases you have.)
You may want to tweak the CFLAGS setting in template/hpux_[g]cc before
you configure. The distributed copy of hpux_cc contains neither -O nor -g
switches, which is hardly optimal for any situation. As of Postgres 6.5,
hpux_gcc sets CFLAGS to -O2, which is fine unless you want to do debugging;
in that case you may want -g as well (or instead).
CC=gcc ./configure
for GCC. If you omit this setting then configure will pick gcc.
The default install target location is /usr/local/pgsql, which
(particularly on HPUX 10) you might want to change to something under
/opt. If so, use the --prefix switch to configure.
If you have both HP and GNU C++ compilers in your PATH, keep an eye on
whether configure picks the right one --- you want the HP c++ if you are
using HP C, or g++ if you are using gcc. Mixing HP and GNU compilers
won't work. You may need to provide a --with-CXX=compiler switch to
force configure to pick the matching C++ compiler, or even say
--without-CXX if you have a C++ compiler but it doesn't match the C
compiler you want to use.
Otherwise the standard build/install procedure described in the
PostgreSQL documentation works fine.
If you want to build the C++ client library (libpq++) then you need
to use a C++ compiler from the same source as the C compiler; mixing
HP and GNU compilers doesn't work. If you have both C++ compilers
in your PATH, keep an eye on whether configure picks the right one.
To override the choice, set the environment variable CXX:
CC=gcc CXX=g++ ./configure
or
CC=cc CXX=aCC ./configure
1.3) yacc dies trying to process src/backend/parser/gram.y.

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======================================================
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) for PostgreSQL >=V6.1
IRIX Specific
TO BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE NORMAL FAQ
======================================================
last updated: Mon Mar 05 17:00:00 GMT 1998
current maintainer: Andrew C.R. Martin (martin@biochem.ucl.ac.uk)
original author: Andrew C.R. Martin (martin@biochem.ucl.ac.uk)
Changes in this version (* = modified, + = new, - = removed):
*1.5) Can I install PostgreSQL ()
*** ./backend/Makefile.orig Thu May 22 00:00:15 1997
--- ./backend/Makefile Thu Jun 5 16:47:27 1997
***************
*** 54,60 ****
all: postgres $(POSTGRES_IMP) global1.bki.source local1_template1.bki.source
postgres: $(OBJS) ../utils/version.o
! $(CC) -o postgres $(OBJS) ../utils/version.o $(LDFLAGS)
$(OBJS): $(DIRS:%=%.dir)
--- 54,64 ----
all: postgres $(POSTGRES_IMP) global1.bki.source local1_template1.bki.source
postgres: $(OBJS) ../utils/version.o
! # $(CC) -o postgres $(OBJS) ../utils/version.o $(LDFLAGS)
! -rm -f *.o
! find . -name "*.o" -exec cp \{\} . \;
! rm -f SUBSYS.o
! $(CC) -o postgres *.o ../utils/version.o $(LDFLAGS)
$(OBJS): $(DIRS:%=%.dir)
1.6) The make fails with the following message:
ld32: ERROR 4: Conflicting flag setting: -call_shared
If gmake fails in .../src/backend while building obj/ACCESS.o
with a message from ld32, you can work around this by using
ld for the LD environment variable rather than cc.
The problem has been observed under Irix 5.3 when compiling both
Postgres95-1.09 and PostgreSQL-6.2Beta6, but on some systems
these appear to compile with no such problems.
Fix supplied by Brian Sanders (bsanders@netcom.com,
brian@fresnelsoft.com)
1.7) Why won't it link? (Problems with lorder)
According to the IRIX man pages, lorder is useless, but harmless
under IRIX. However, it has caused problems for some people
using both IRIX 6.2.
The solution is to add the following line to
.../src/makefiles/Makefile.irix5
MK_NO_LORDER=true
1.8) I have major problems with IRIX 6!
The following is quoted directly from Bob Bruccoleri
There is a really nasty loader bug in the compiler system (7.1)
on Irix 6.x, and the error that Lasse Petersen is the result of it.
Here is the original message. I don't know if all the changes have been
folded into the current release.
Date: Fri, 06 Jun 1997 17:12:20 -0400 (EDT)
From: bruc@bms.com (Robert Bruccoleri)
Subject: [PORTS] Patches for Irix 6.4
I have worked out how to compile PostgreSQL on Irix 6.4 using the -n32 compiler
mode and version 7.1 of the C compiler. (The n32 compiler use 32 bits addressin
g,
but allows access to all the instructions in the MIPS4 instruction set.)
There were several problems:
1) The ld command is not referenced as a macro in all the Makefiles. On
this platform, you have to include -n32 on all the ld commands. Makefiles
were changed as needed.
2) There is a bug in "ld" which mishandles the addresses of static procedures
when object files are assembled into larger object files using "ld -r".
Because of this, I put a hack into src/backend/Makefile to avoid all the
SUBSYS.o files and just link all the objects. I have contacted SGI about the
problem, and hopefully, it will be fixed in the near future.
3) Lots of warnings are generated from the compiler. Since the regression
tests worked OK, I didn't attempt to fix them. If anyone wants the compilation
log, please let me know, and I'll email it to you.
The version of postgresql was 970602. Here is Makefile.custom:
CUSTOM_COPT = -O2 -n32
MK_NO_LORDER = 1
LD = ld -n32
CC += -n32
Here are the patches:
*** ./backend/access/Makefile.orig Sun Nov 10 00:00:15 1996
- --- ./backend/access/Makefile Tue Jun 3 10:22:32 1997
***************
*** 8,13 ****
- --- 8,16 ----
#
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ SRCDIR = ../..
+ include ../../Makefile.global
+
OBJS = common/SUBSYS.o gist/SUBSYS.o hash/SUBSYS.o heap/SUBSYS.o \
index/SUBSYS.o rtree/SUBSYS.o nbtree/SUBSYS.o transam/SUBSYS.o
*** ./backend/bootstrap/Makefile.orig Fri Apr 18 06:00:23 1997
- --- ./backend/bootstrap/Makefile Tue Jun 3 10:23:59 1997
***************
*** 38,44 ****
all: SUBSYS.o
SUBSYS.o: $(OBJS)
! ld -r -o SUBSYS.o $(OBJS)
# bootstrap.o's dependency on bootstrap_tokens.h is computed by the
# make depend, but we state it here explicitly anyway because
- --- 38,44 ----
all: SUBSYS.o
SUBSYS.o: $(OBJS)
! $(LD) -r -o SUBSYS.o $(OBJS)
# bootstrap.o's dependency on bootstrap_tokens.h is computed by the
# make depend, but we state it here explicitly anyway because
*** ./backend/Makefile.orig Thu May 22 00:00:15 1997
- --- ./backend/Makefile Thu Jun 5 16:47:27 1997
***************
*** 54,60 ****
all: postgres $(POSTGRES_IMP) global1.bki.source local1_template1.bki.source
postgres: $(OBJS) ../utils/version.o
! $(CC) -o postgres $(OBJS) ../utils/version.o $(LDFLAGS)
$(OBJS): $(DIRS:%=%.dir)
- --- 54,64 ----
all: postgres $(POSTGRES_IMP) global1.bki.source local1_template1.bki.source
postgres: $(OBJS) ../utils/version.o
! # $(CC) -o postgres $(OBJS) ../utils/version.o $(LDFLAGS)
! -rm -f *.o
! find . -name "*.o" -exec cp \{\} . \;
! rm -f SUBSYS.o
! $(CC) -o postgres *.o ../utils/version.o $(LDFLAGS)
$(OBJS): $(DIRS:%=%.dir)
***************
*** 116,122 ****
install: $(LIBDIR) $(BINDIR) $(HEADERDIR) postgres $(POSTGRES_IMP) fmgr.h\
global1.bki.source local1_template1.bki.source \
libpq/pg_hba.conf.sample optimizer/geqo/pg_geqo.sample
!
$(INSTALL) $(INSTL_EXE_OPTS) postgres $(BINDIR)/postgres
ifeq ($(MAKE_EXPORTS), true)
$(INSTALL) $(INSTLOPTS) $(POSTGRES_IMP) $(LIBDIR)/$(POSTGRES_IMP)
- --- 120,126 ----
install: $(LIBDIR) $(BINDIR) $(HEADERDIR) postgres $(POSTGRES_IMP) fmgr.h\
global1.bki.source local1_template1.bki.source \
libpq/pg_hba.conf.sample optimizer/geqo/pg_geqo.sample
!
$(INSTALL) $(INSTL_EXE_OPTS) postgres $(BINDIR)/postgres
ifeq ($(MAKE_EXPORTS), true)
$(INSTALL) $(INSTLOPTS) $(POSTGRES_IMP) $(LIBDIR)/$(POSTGRES_IMP)
*** ./backend/optimizer/Makefile.orig Wed Feb 19 12:00:34 1997
- --- ./backend/optimizer/Makefile Tue Jun 3 10:39:47 1997
***************
*** 8,13 ****
- --- 8,16 ----
#
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ SRCDIR= ../..
+ include ../../Makefile.global
+
all: submake SUBSYS.o
OBJS = path/SUBSYS.o plan/SUBSYS.o prep/SUBSYS.o util/SUBSYS.o geqo/SUBSYS.o
*** ./backend/libpq/pqcomprim.c.orig Mon May 26 00:00:23 1997
- --- ./backend/libpq/pqcomprim.c Fri Jun 6 16:02:24 1997
***************
*** 32,40 ****
# define hton_l(n) (ntoh_l(n))
# else /* BYTE_ORDER != BIG_ENDIAN */
# if BYTE_ORDER == PDP_ENDIAN
! # #error PDP_ENDIAN macros not written yet
# else /* BYTE_ORDER != anything known */
! # #error BYTE_ORDER not defined as anything understood
# endif /* BYTE_ORDER == PDP_ENDIAN */
# endif /* BYTE_ORDER == BIG_ENDIAN */
#endif /* BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN */
- --- 32,40 ----
# define hton_l(n) (ntoh_l(n))
# else /* BYTE_ORDER != BIG_ENDIAN */
# if BYTE_ORDER == PDP_ENDIAN
! # error PDP_ENDIAN macros not written yet
# else /* BYTE_ORDER != anything known */
! # error BYTE_ORDER not defined as anything understood
# endif /* BYTE_ORDER == PDP_ENDIAN */
# endif /* BYTE_ORDER == BIG_ENDIAN */
#endif /* BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN */
*** ./backend/storage/Makefile.orig Sun Nov 10 00:01:06 1996
- --- ./backend/storage/Makefile Tue Jun 3 10:41:29 1997
***************
*** 8,13 ****
- --- 8,16 ----
#
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ SRCDIR= ../..
+ include ../../Makefile.global
+
all: submake SUBSYS.o
OBJS = buffer/SUBSYS.o file/SUBSYS.o ipc/SUBSYS.o large_object/SUBSYS.o \
1.9) Why does lex fail with PostgreSQL 6.2.1?
IRIX 5.3 lex has been reported to fail in
postgresql-6.2.1/src/backend/parser with the error:
lex scan.l
"scan.l":line 86: Error: Invalid request %x xc
gmake[2]: *** [scan.c] Error 1
The answer is to use GNU flex 2.5.4 or later. Use the command
flex --version
to check you have a new enough version of flex
1.10) How do I install PostgreSQL V6.3 under Irix 6.x?
Irix 6.2-6.4 has a bug in ld which mishandles the addresses of
static procedures when object files are assembled into
larger object files using 'ld -r'. This bug has been reported
to Silicon Graphics.
Depending on your Irix installation you may also encounter
2 other problems detailed below: Conflict in C standards,
Conflict in library functions.
a) Solving the ld bug
---------------------
One option is to use the Gnu version of ld. Alternatively,
the following patch should be applied as a workaround.
(Supplied by Bob Bruccoleri and modified for
PostgreSQL V6.3 by Lasse Hiller Petersen )
Apply the following patch:
*** ./backend/Makefile.orig Tue Mar 3 15:33:58 1998
--- ./backend/Makefile Tue Mar 3 15:39:27 1998
***************
*** 63,69 ****
global1.description
local1_template1.description
postgres: $(OBJS) ../utils/version.o
! $(CC) -o postgres $(OBJS) ../utils/version.o $(LDFLAGS)
$(OBJS): $(DIRS:%=%.dir)
--- 63,73 ----
global1.description
local1_template1.description
postgres: $(OBJS) ../utils/version.o
! # $(CC) -o postgres $(OBJS) ../utils/version.o $(LDFLAGS)
! -rm -f *.o
! find . -name "*.o" -exec cp \{\} . \;
! rm -f SUBSYS.o
! $(CC) -o postgres *.o ../utils/version.o $(LDFLAGS)
$(OBJS): $(DIRS:%=%.dir)
Lasse configured with ./configure --enable-locale
and modified Makefile.custom to contain:
CC = cc -n32
LD = ld -n32
He reports that the installation without -n32 works fine too,
but the -n32 was required for compatibility with his Perl
installation. His system was an Origin200 running IRIX64 v6.4.
b) Conflict in C standards
--------------------------
I have found that the following patch is also necessary in order
to prevent a duplicate definition of a Union used for semaphores.
Apply the following patch to:
.../src/makefile/Makefile.irix5:
*** src/makefiles/Makefile.irix5.orig Thu Mar 5 16:59:58 1998
--- src/makefiles/Makefile.irix5 Thu Mar 5 17:01:13 1998
***************
*** 6,9 ****
%.so: %.o
$(LD) -G -Bdynamic -shared -o $@ $<
!
--- 6,9 ----
%.so: %.o
$(LD) -G -Bdynamic -shared -o $@ $<
! CFLAGS+= -U_NO_XOPEN4
i.e. the addition of the line:
CFLAGS+= -U_NO_XOPEN4
This is needed to stop the semun union being redefined in
/usr/include/sys/sem.h
c) Conflict in library functions
--------------------------------
In addition, if you have the nsl and crypt libraries these will
conflict with the required definitions. I think that libnsl.a
may be the Netware socket library (or something similar). In
any case, if you have these libraries, they will be added to
Makefile.global and you will need to remove them.
Thus, you should edit .../src/Makefile.global. Goto (approximately)
line 217 where LDFLAGS= is set and remove -lnsl and -lcrypt
from this line.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Section 2: Deinstalling PostgreSQL
----------------------------------------------------------------------
2.1) Why can't I move the executable files?
By default, the IRIX port uses the BSD compatible version of
install from /usr/bin/X11. If you read the man page for this
version of install, you will see that it is not meant for
end-user use; it has the interesting side-effect of chowning
files it installs to root.
You should still be able to delete the files as you (the
postgres user) will own the directory in which they are
stored.
The normal IRIX install program cannot be used easily as it
takes its arguments in the reverse order. It is therefore
recommended to use the GNU version of install (ginstall).
See Question 1.4
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Section 3: Extending PostgreSQL
----------------------------------------------------------------------
3.1) How do I compile a C program to create a function for extending
PostgreSQL
Here is a sample command line:
cc -I/usr/local/PostgreSQL/include/ -I/usr/local/PostgreSQL/src/backend
-shared -o funcs.so funcs.c
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dr. Andrew C.R. Martin University College London
EMAIL: (Work) martin@biochem.ucl.ac.uk (Home) andrew@stagleys.demon.co.uk
URL: http://www.biochem.ucl.ac.uk/~martin
Tel: (Work) +44(0)171 419 3890 (Home) +44(0)1372 275775

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=======================================================
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) for PostgreSQL >= V6.1
Linux Specific
TO BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE NORMAL FAQ
=======================================================
last updated: Fri Jun 19 13:35:00 BST 1998
current maintainer: Andrew C.R. Martin (martin@biochem.ucl.ac.uk)
original author: Andrew C.R. Martin (martin@biochem.ucl.ac.uk)
Changes in this version (* = modified, + = new, - = removed):
+1.23) Why does the compile fail with messages about F_BOOLIN, F_BOOLOUT
and F_BYTEAIN being undeclared?
This file is divided approximately as follows:
1.*) Installing PostgreSQL
2.*) Compiling accessory programs
3.*) Runtime Problems
Questions answered:
1.1) What changes do I need to make to src/Makefile.global or
src/Makefile.custom and are there any other changes needed?
1.2) Why do I get problems with missing libreadline?
1.3) [REDHAT] Why do I get problems with missing libdl and dlfcn.h?
1.4) [SLACKWARE 3.1] Why do I get problems with missing libdl and dlfcn.h?
1.5) My compile of the backend dies complaining about the include file
dlfcn.h missing
1.6) GCC complains about an ignored option -fpic
1.7) I get warnings of the form
warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size
1.8) [SuSE-Linux 4.2-4.4] Where is curses and termcap?
1.9) Why do I get problems with ld.so?
1.10) Why do I get `yy_flush_buffer undefined' errors?
1.11) How do I compile PostgreSQL on an a.out system?
1.12) Why does make fail with:
yacc -d /disk2/PostgreSQL/src/backend/parser/gram.y
make: /usr/bin/make: cannot execute binary file
1.13) What are the references in X11_LIB to libsocket and libnsl in
src/Makefile.global?
1.14) [DEBIAN] Where is libtermcap?
1.15) [REDHAT] Can I get PostgreSQL as an RPM?
1.16) While trying to compile a development version under Linux, compilation
fails with a message like:
In file included from /usr/include/sys/sem.h:8,
from ipc.c:37:
/usr/include/asm/bitops.h:32: warning: no previous prototype for Set_bi
t'
....
make: *** [ipc.o] Error 1
1.17) When compiling postgres, gcc reports signal 11 and aborts.
1.18) Can I install 6.1.1 under MkLinux?
1.19) Why does make exit or crash?
1.20) How can I optimise for 486 or pentium processors
1.21) Why do I get strange results with printing times (for example
in the regression test 'timespan')?
1.22) Why don't I get any shared libraries for libpq when I compile
6.3.2?
1.23) Why does the compile fail with messages about F_BOOLIN, F_BOOLOUT
and F_BYTEAIN being undeclared?
2.1) The linker fails to find libX11 when compiling pgtclsh
3.1) I get an error reporting _fUnKy_POSTPORT_sTuFf_ undefined when
running scripts like createuser
3.2) I run postmaster and after that system says 'Bad system call(Core
dumped)'
3.3) When I try to start the Postmaster, why do I get an error of the form
Failed Assertion("!(file != 0):(null)", File:
"/usr/local/PostgreSQL/src/backend/storage/file/fd.c", Line: 257)
!(file != 0) (0)
initdb: could not create template database
initdb: cleaning up.
3.4) Why doesn't createuser work?
3.5) Why do I get an error like:
IpcMemoryCreate: memKey=155356396 , size=760632 ,
permission=384IpcMemoryCreate: shmget(..., create, ...)
failed: Invalid argument
3.6) Why does psql fail with:
psql: can't load library 'libpq.so.1'
3.7) Other strange behaviour
3.8) When PostgreSQL is running when the system is shutdown, Linux
always fsck's the disk when rebooted.
3.9) Why does Query 32 in the regression tests take so long?
3.10) Why do I get funny rounding results in some date/time arithmetic,
such as
select '4 hours'::timespan;
returning '3 hours 59 minutes 60 seconds'?
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Section 1: Compiling PostgreSQL
----------------------------------------------------------------------
1.1) What changes do I need to make to src/Makefile.global or
src/Makefile.custom and are there any other changes needed?
Changes to the makefiles are most easily made by running the
customize shell script in the src directory which will write a
Makefile.custom for you.
The only other change you may have to make is to replace
Flex if you have version 2.5.3 which has a bug which generally
manifests itself as createuser failing (See Question 3.4)
If you modify the makefiles by hand, you *must* set the
following variable:
PORTNAME= linux
You will also need to change the following to match your own
installation:
POSTGRESDIR
If you switch on the USE_TCL option, you will need to set these:
TCL_INCDIR=
TCL_LIBDIR=
TCL_LIB=
TK_INCDIR=
TK_LIBDIR=
TK_LIB=
X11_INCDIR=
X11_LIBDIR=
X11_LIB=
On my Slackware3.0 system, these are:
TCL_INCDIR= /usr/include/tcl
TCL_LIBDIR= /usr/lib
TCL_LIB= -ltcl
TK_INCDIR= /usr/include/tcl
TK_LIBDIR= /usr/lib
TK_LIB= -ltk
X11_INCDIR= /usr/include/X11
X11_LIBDIR= /usr/X386/lib
X11_LIB= -lX11
You may also make any other changes you need as documented in
the INSTALL file and in Makefile.global
1.2) Why do I get problems with missing libreadline?
Linux systems generally don't come with the GNU readline library
installed. Either ensure you do not activate the readline options
in src/Makefile.global or src/Makefile.custom or install the GNU
readline library.
Note that Debian Linux (like FreeBSD) does come with readline
installed.
1.3) [REDHAT] Why do I get problems with missing libdl and dlfcn.h?
This manifests itself as being unable to link with functions
such as dlopen(), dlclose(), etc. during the last phase of the
compilation.
The libdl library is used for dynamic linking of user-supplied
functions at run-time. For some reason this library was missed out
from the Redhat distribution. It seems that the latest Redhat 4.0
(Colgate) fixes this.
RedHat now have a new ld.so RPM package on their FTP site.
Simply grab:
ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/devel/i386/RedHat/RPMS/ld.so-1.
7.14-4.i386.rpm
Install the RPM file in the usual way and off you go!
NOTE! You will have to re-run configure and do a make clean
after installing the library and before recompiling.
There has been one report of a corrupted system resulting from
programs accessing these libraries while updating them (not
altogether surprising). Consequently it is a good idea to reboot
the system before installing the new libraries and to
have as little running as possible during this upgrade. Going
into single-user mode is probably a good idea!
If you want to do it the hard way, you can obtain the library and the
header file from:
ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/packages/GCC/ld.so-1.7.14.tar.gz
Alternatively, you may find precompiled binaries in
distributions/debian/buzz/binary-i386/base/ld.so-1.7.14-4.deb
on the same site, or follow the instructions given for question 1.2 for
correcting the same error with early releases of Slackware 3.1.
Don't use this method unless you know what you are doing!
1.4) [SLACKWARE 3.1] Why do I get problems with missing libdl and dlfcn.h?
This manifests itself as being unable to link with functions
such as dlopen(), dlclose(), etc. during the last phase of the
compilation.
See the answer to question 1.3. Slackware up to version 3.0 was
supplied with this library and include file and they seem to be
back in again in the latest versions of 3.1, but the early 3.1
releases (before 9th September 1996) had them missing and many
CD-ROM versions will have been pressed from the first 3.1 releases.
There has been one report of a corrupted system resulting from
programs accessing these libraries while updating them (not
altogether surprising). Consequently it is a good idea to reboot
the system before installing the new libraries and to
have as little running as possible during this upgrade. Going
into single-user mode is probably a good idea!
The easiest fix is to obtain the file ldso.tgz from the a4 disk of
a more recent Slackware distribution and unpack this file
from the root (/) directory, then do
sh install/doinst.sh
to complete the installation. Follow this with
ldconfig
NOTE! You will have to re-run configure and do a make clean
after installing the library and before recompiling.
If you want to install manually, you must first install the file
dlfcn.h in /usr/include.
Second, install the file libdl.so.1.7.14 (or whatever the latest
release is) in /lib, then do:
cd /lib
ln -sf libdl.so.1.7.14 libdl.so.1
ln -sf libdl.so.1 libdl.so
On some systems (depending on your GCC configuration) it may be
necessary to do:
cd /usr/lib
ln -sf /lib/libdl.so .
Finally
ldconfig
NOTE! You will have to re-run configure and do a make clean
after installing the library and before recompiling.
1.5) My compile of the backend dies complaining about the include file
dlfcn.h missing
See the answer to question 1.3/1.4. Don't forget that if you are using
an a.out system you must first have installed the dld package
(which is not supplied with most a.out systems) to have dlfcn.h
at all. See Question 1.11.
1.6) GCC complains about an ignored option -fpic
Earlier versions of GCC accepted either -fpic or -fPIC.
It appears that more recent versions (V2.7.2?) require -fPIC.
If you are using an ELF version of Linux, this can safely be
ignored as -fPIC is the default.
You can correct this by editing src/Makefile.global and
changing CFLAGS_SL
1.7) I get warnings of the form
warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size
These were seen in earlier versions of Postgres95 and could
safely be ignored. PostgreSQL V6.0 should compile with no warnings
except those related to system header files (which can also
be safely ignored).
1.8) [SuSE-Linux 4.2-4.4] Where is curses and termcap?
SuSE-Linux 4.2 has ncurses but not curses. 4.4 appears to have both.
SuSE-Linux also has the termcap library is in /usr/lib/termcap
instead of in /usr/lib.
PostgreSQL (up to V6.0)
-----------------------
Set the value of CURSES_LIB in src/Makefile.custom to -lncurses
(or do this through the customize script).
Add the following line to src/Makefile.custom:
LDADD_BE+= -L/usr/lib/termcap
You may need to edit src/bin/psql/Makefile and change:
ifeq ($(PORTNAME), linux)
LD_ADD+=
to:
ifeq ($(PORTNAME), linux)
LD_ADD+= -ltermcap
PostgreSQL (V6.1)
-----------------
The configure script doesn't know to look in /usr/lib/termcap for
the termcap library, so you should specify this as one of the
library directories when asked for additional directories to
search.
If this doesn't work (I don't have SuSE to verify that it does)
then after running configure, you need to edit
src/Makefile.global and add -ltermcap to the LDFLAGS line
(after -lreadline). (Alternatively, you can modify
src/Makefile.custom before running configure.)
Some versions of SuSE provide only ncurses, so you may need
to force use of ncurses rather than curses by changing
-lcurses to -lncurses. (Reported true for SuSE 5.1)
1.9) Why do I get problems with ld.so?
If you get problems with ld.so, another library required under
ELF for dynamic loading, then you have messed up your installation
or (more likely) upgrade of Linux.
See the answers to Question 1.3/1.4. You may need to install
ld.so.x.y.z in /lib and run ldconfig.
The most recent stable release of the ld package is 1.7.14
At the time of writing, 1.8.x versions of ld are experimental.
1.10) Why do I get `yy_flush_buffer undefined' errors?
This isn't really Linux specific, but is common on older Linux
installations. You must have a recent version of flex (2.5.2 or later)
to compile PostgreSQL. Note that flex 2.5.3 has a bug: see
Question 3.4.
1.11) How do I compile PostgreSQL on an a.out system?
First, you must install the dld library. This may be obtained
from Sunsite as:
Linux/libs/dld.3.2.7.tar.gz
(ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/libs/dld.3.2.7.tar.gz)
Second, add the following line to src/Makefile.custom:
LINUX_ELF=
(or use the customize script)
1.12) Why does make fail with:
yacc -d /disk2/PostgreSQL/src/backend/parser/gram.y
make: /usr/bin/make: cannot execute binary file
This was a problem in earlier versions of Postgres95. The default
for PostgreSQL is to use bison -y rather than yacc.
yacc is generally implemented as a script which invokes bison -y
For some reason (certain versions of make? certain versions of
bash?) make is unable to execute this script file.
To correct this, simply edit src/mk/port/postgres.mk.linux
and, at the end of the file, change:
# YACC = bison -y
to
YACC = bison -y
1.13) What are the references in X11_LIB to libsocket and libnsl in
src/Makefile.global?
This was a problem in 1.08 (they are Sun Solaris specific).
It is fixed in 1.09 and 6.0
1.14) [DEBIAN] Where is libtermcap?
Debian Linux comes without the termcap library and uses ncurses
(which uses terminfo instead). There is no need to change the
CURSES_LIB variable in src/bin/psql/Makefile since Debian provides
a link from libncurses to libcurses (unlike SuSE-Linux --- see
Question 1.8).
You may need to edit src/bin/psql/Makefile and comment out the
change:
ifeq ($(PORTNAME), linux)
LD_ADD+= -ltermcap
to:
ifeq ($(PORTNAME), linux)
LD_ADD+=
1.15) [REDHAT] Can I get PostgreSQL as an RPM?
Yes! Michal Mosiewicz
(http://www.pdi.lodz.pl/~mimo) has kindly put together an RPM
for PostgreSQL V6.0 on Intel architectures which he has uploaded to
ftp://ftp.redhat.org/pub/Incoming/Postgres-6.0-1.i386.rpm
This is a pre-compiled version, the source RPM is on its
was as I write (3rd Feb 1997).
1.16) While trying to compile a development version under Linux, compilation
fails with a message like:
In file included from /usr/include/sys/sem.h:8,
from ipc.c:37:
/usr/include/asm/bitops.h:32: warning: no previous prototype for Set_bi
t'
....
make: *** [ipc.o] Error 1
The problem is that Linux provides no prototypes for these
inline functions. The solution is to go into the
.../src/backend/storage/ipc directory and edit the Makefile.
Change the line
CFLAGS+=$(INCLUDE_OPT)
to
CFLAGS+=$(INCLUDE_OPT) -Wno-error
Do the same in the ../src/backend/storage/lmgr directory.
1.17) When compiling postgres, gcc reports signal 11 and aborts.
More specifically:
gcc: Internal compiler error: program cc1 got fatal
signal 11
This may be a hardware/memory problem. PortgreSQL is a big
program, and large gcc compilations (such as building
PostgreSQL or bebuilding the kernel) stress memory like
few other programs, resulting in errors that do not occur
in normal operation. Lesser operating systems are also
unlikely to stress the hardware to this degree so you
may never see any problems under DOS/Windows.
More information on this problem at:
http://www.bitwizard.nl/sig11
From this Sig11 FAQ, there appears to be a specific problem
with Redhat 5.0 gcc running on Cyrix processors. See the
URL above for more details!
1.18) Can I install 6.1.1 under MkLinux?
Tatsuo Ishii has done this under
MkLinux DR2.1 update2 after a small patch available from:
ftp://ftp.sra.co.jp/pub/cmd/postgres/6.1.1/mklinux.patch.gz
1.19) Why does make exit or crash?
There have been a couple of reports of gmake either just
exiting early or seg faulting. The latter problem was reported
with gmake 3.74 - upgrading to 3.76.1 solved the problem.
However, 3.74 is known to work fine in other people's setups.
In short, try upgrading gmake to the latest version you can
find before reporting this as a problem
1.20) How can I optimise for 486 or pentium processors
The default compiler flags perform no optimisation for 486
or Pentium processors. To add such optimisation, edit
Makefile.custom and add:
CFLAGS+= -m486
or (for the new compilers that most people are not yet running)
CFLAGS+= -mpentium
or
CFLAGS+= -mpentiumpro
1.21) Why do I get strange results with printing times (for example
in the regression test 'timespan')?
The times are appearing as: '4 hours 59 mins 60.00 secs'
instead of '5 hours'
This is a problem with the glibc2 library which comes with
Redhat 5.0. Update your glibc to the latest RedHat version
for v5.0/hurricane. Anything prior to glibc-2.0.7 is likely
to have the problem.
1.22) Why don't I get any shared libraries for libpq when I compile
6.3.2?
There was some last minute breakage of the Linux configuration for
v6.3.2. Look in ftp://postgresql.org/pub/patches/ for a few fix-ups,
including a linux_elf patch.
1.23) Why does the compile fail with messages about F_BOOLIN, F_BOOLOUT
and F_BYTEAIN being undeclared?
The actual messages are something like:
-I/usr/include/readline -O2 -Wall -Wmissing-prototypes -I..
-Wno-error -c bootstrap.c -o bootstrap.o
bootstrap.c:160: `F_BOOLIN' undeclared here (not in a function)
bootstrap.c:160: initializer element for `Procid[0].inproc' is not
constant
bootstrap.c:160: `F_BOOLOUT' undeclared here (not in a function)
bootstrap.c:160: initializer element for `Procid[0].outproc' is not
constant
bootstrap.c:161: `F_BYTEAIN' undeclared here (not in a function)
bootstrap.c:161: initializer element for `Procid[1].inproc' is not
constant
This is tricky unless you know why it happens, as these constants
don't seem to be defined anywhere.
The solution is to make sure that cpp is included in your path
before you start the make.
On Redhat 5.1, cpp is in /usr/lib/gcc-lib/i386-redhat-linux/2.7.2.3
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Section 2: Compiling accessory programs
----------------------------------------------------------------------
2.1) The linker fails to find libX11 when compiling pgtclsh
Add the following to src/Makefile.custom
X11_LIBDIR = /usr/X11R6/lib
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Section 3: Runtime Problems
----------------------------------------------------------------------
3.1) I get an error reporting _fUnKy_POSTPORT_sTuFf_ undefined when
running scripts like createuser
This is a bug in V1.06-V1.07 of Postgres and is fixed in V1.08
and above.
3.2) I run postmaster and after that system says 'Bad system call(Core
dumped)'
This indicates that you have not compiled shared memory support
into your kernel. You need to recompile the Linux kernel to add this
feature.
3.3) When I try to start the Postmaster, why do I get an error of the form
Failed Assertion("!(file != 0):(null)", File:
"/usr/local/PostgreSQL/src/backend/storage/file/fd.c", Line: 257)
!(file != 0) (0)
initdb: could not create template database
initdb: cleaning up.
Your permissions on the file /dev/null are wrong.
ls -l /dev/null should give you something like:
crw-rw-rw- 1 root wheel 2, 2 Oct 8 18:41 /dev/null
Correct the permissions using:
chmod a+rw /dev/null
3.4) Why doesn't createuser work?
There is a problem with Version 2.5.3 of GNU flex and createuser.
Your options are to downgrade flex to V2.5.2, upgrade to V2.5.4
or apply a patch to V2.5.3 which is supplied in doc/README.flex
You may obtain V2.5.4 from
ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/flex-2.5.4.tar.gz
3.5) Why do I get an error like:
IpcMemoryCreate: memKey=155356396 , size=760632 ,
permission=384IpcMemoryCreate: shmget(..., create, ...)
failed: Invalid argument
You haven't build IPC support into your Linux kernel. You
will have to rebuild the kernel and switch on this option.
3.6) Why does psql fail with:
psql: can't load library 'libpq.so.1'
Psql has been compiled to link dynamically with the libpq
library.
To solve this, you should log in as root and edit the file
/etc/ld.so.conf
Add a single line at the end which gives the name of the
PostgreSQL library directory (the lib subdirectory of your
PostgreSQL installation) and run
/sbin/ldconfig -v
Alternatively, (and if you don't have root access), you may
use the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable.
The LD_LIBRARY_PATH variable contains a colon separated list of
paths to be searched for shared libraries. This list is
searched before the libraries specified by ldconfig.
Therefore under Bash, you would do something like:
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH='PathToPGSQL'/lib
or, using tcsh
setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH 'PathToPGSQL'/lib
replacing 'PathToPGSQL' with the appropriate path to your top level
PostgreSQL directory
Note that the ldd command can be used on a dynamically linked
executable to list the paths to all the shared libraries upon
which the executable depends.
3.7) Other strange behaviour
I'm not sure what the symptoms might be except for nothing
working properly, but it has been pointed out that one needs
to be careful that the dynamic loader loads the correct version
of the libpq library. If you have old versions lying around
in your library path (for example in /usr/lib) these may get
loaded instead of the new version you intended to load. Make
sure you get them out of the way and look at Q3.6 for
details of loading libraries.
3.8) When PostgreSQL is running when the system is shutdown, Linux
always fsck's the disk when rebooted.
There have been some reports of this happening and it seems
to be a result of running PostgreSQL from /etc/inittab as
suggested in the INSTALL document.
You are therefore recommended to start the postmaster from an
rc script. Under a Slackware-like release, you would modify
/etc/rc.d/rc.local to start the postmaster. Under a RedHat-like
release you should create a SysV style script in
/etc/rc.d/rc3.d based on the /etc/rc.d/init.d skeleton file.
There's a sample file in contrib/linux/postgres.init
Here's another sample file supplied by John Robinson
which you should modify as needed:
#!/bin/sh
#
# postgreSQL.init This shell script takes care of starting and stopping
# the PostgreSQL postmaster.
#
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
# Start daemons.
echo -n "Starting postgres Postmaster daemon:"
if [ -z "`pidofproc postmaster`" ]
then
su postgres -c "/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /home/postgr
eSQL/data -p 5432 &"
echo -n " postmaster"
else
echo -n " (already running)"
fi
echo
touch /var/lock/subsys/postgres
;;
stop)
# Stop daemons.
echo -n "Shutting down postgres Postmaster daemon: "
killall -TERM postmaster 2>/dev/null
killall -TERM postgres 2>/dev/null
echo
rm -f /var/lock/subsys/postgres
;;
*)
echo "Usage: postgres {start|stop}"
exit 1
esac
exit 0
3.9) Why does Query 32 in the regression tests take so long?
This is due to a bug in regression scripts which only happens
on linux boxes. There are two workarounds as far as I know
(information from Tatsuo Ishii ):
1. change following in regress.sh:
time postgres -texecutor -tplanner -Q bench < bench.sql
to:
postgres -texecutor -tplanner -Q bench < bench.sql
2. after running the test, remove a line at the very end of
bench.out something like:
85.86user 114.47system 4:49.20elapsed 69%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata
0maxresident)k
then type:
sh ./perquery < bench.out > & bench.out.perquery
3.10) Why do I get funny rounding results in some date/time arithmetic,
such as
select '4 hours'::timespan;
returning '3 hours 59 minutes 60 seconds'?
You are running the new glibc2 libraries and have a version earlier tha
n
2.0.7. It is a math rounding problem in the library. Upgrade your libra
ry.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dr. Andrew C.R. Martin University College London
EMAIL: (Work) martin@biochem.ucl.ac.uk (Home) andrew@stagleys.demon.co.uk
URL: http://www.biochem.ucl.ac.uk/~martin
Tel: (Work) +44(0)171 419 3890 (Home) +44(0)1372 275775

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Häufig gestellte Fragen (FAQ) zu PostgreSQL >= V6.1, Linux-spezifisch
Bitte Zusammen mit der normalen FAQ lesen!
_________________________________________________________________
Letztes Update des Originals: Tue Aug 10 11:15:00 BST 1999
Original-FAQ gepflegt durch: Andrew C.R. Martin
(martin@biochem.ucl.ac.uk)
Original Autor: Andrew C.R. Martin (martin@biochem.ucl.ac.uk)
Letztes Update der Übersetzung: Mo, 23. August 1999, 10:00 CEST
Übersetzer: Karsten Schulz (schulz@linux-systemhaus.de)
_________________________________________________________________
Änderungen in dieser Version (* = geändert, + = neu, - = entfernt)
+3.11) Wieso bekomme ich einen Fehler wie: IpcMemoryCreate: shmget
failed (Permission denied)?
Diese Datei ist ungefähr wie folgt unterteilt:
1.*) PostgreSQL kompilieren
2.*) Hilfs- und Zusatzprogramme kompilieren
3.*) Laufzeit Probleme
Beantwortete Fragen:
PostgreSQL kompilieren
1.1) Welche Anpassungen müssen in src/Makefile.global oder
src/Makefile.custom gemacht werden und gibt es weitere notwendige
Änderungen?
1.2) Warum habe ich Probleme mit der fehlenden Bibliothek libreadline?
1.3) [REDHAT] Warum habe ich Probleme mit der fehlenden Bibliothek
libdl und der fehlenden dlfcn.h?
1.4) [SLACKWARE 3.1] Warum habe ich Probleme mit der fehlenden
Bibliothek libdl und der fehlenden dlfcn.h?
1.5) Die Kompilierung des Backends schlägt mit der Meldung fehl, daß
die Include-Datei dlfcn.h fehlen würde.
1.6) GCC meldet, daß er die Option -fpic ignorieren würde.
1.7) Ich bekomme Warnungen, wie: warning: cast from pointer to integer
of different size
1.8) [SuSE-Linux 4.2-5.3] Wo sind curses und termcap?
1.9) Warum bekomme ich Probleme mit ld.so?
1.10) Wieso bekomme ich yy_flush_buffer undefined Fehler?
1.11) Wie kompiliere ich PostgreSQL auf einem a.out System?
1.12) Warum scheitert make mit der Meldung:
yacc -d /disk2/PostgreSQL/src/backend/parser/gram.y make:
/usr/bin/make: cannot execute binary file
1.13) Was sind die Bezüge in der Bibliothek X11_LIB zu libsocket und
libnsl in der Datei src/Makefile.global?
1.14) [DEBIAN] Wo ist die Bibliothek libtermcap?
1.15) [REDHAT] Kann ich PostgreSQL als RPM-Archiv bekommen?
1.16) Während ich versuche eine Entwickler-Version unter Linux zu
kompilieren, bricht der Vorgang mit folgender Fehlermeldung ab:
In file included from /usr/include/sys/sem.h:8,
from ipc.c:37:
/usr/include/asm/bitops.h:32: warning: no previous prototype for
Set_bit'
....
make: *** [ipc.o] Error 1
1.17) Beim Kompilieren von PostgreSQL bricht der gcc mit einer Signal
11 Meldung ab.
1.18) Kann ich Version 6.1.1 unter MkLinux installieren?
1.19) Warum stoppt make oder bricht sonstwie ab?
1.20) Wie kann ich für die Prozessoren 486 oder Pentium optimieren?
1.21) Wieso bekomme ich seltsame Ergebnisse beim Drucken von Zeiten
(z.B. beim Regressionstest 'timespan')?
1.22) Warum bekomme ich keine shared libraries für libpq, wenn ich
Version 6.3.2 kompiliere?
1.23) Warum scheitert der Kompilierungslauf mit Nachrichten, daß
F_BOOLIN, F_BOOLOUT und F_BYTEAIN nicht deklariert seien?
Hilfs- und Zusatzprogramme kompilieren
2.1) Der Linker findet die Bibliothek libX11 nicht, wenn pgtclsh
kompiliert werden soll.
Laufzeit Probleme
3.1) Ich bekomme die Fehlermeldung _fUnKy_POSTPORT_sTuFf_ undefined,
wenn Skripts wie createuser laufen.
3.2) Nachdem ich postmaster starte, meldet das System Bad system call
(Core dumped)
3.3) Wenn ich versuche, den Postmaster zu starten, bekomme ich eine
Fehlermeldung wie:
Failed Assertion("!(file != 0):(null)", File:
"/usr/local/PostgreSQL/src/backend/storage/file/fd.c", Line: 257)
!(file != 0) (0)
initdb: could not create template database
initdb: cleaning up.
3.4) Warum funktioniert createuser nicht?
3.5) Wieso bekomme ich einen Fehler, wie:
IpcMemoryCreate: memKey=155356396 , size=760632 ,
permission=384IpcMemoryCreate: shmget(..., create, ...)
failed: Invalid argument
3.6) Wieso scheitert der Aufruf von psql mit: psql: can't load library
'libpq.so.1
3.7) Andere seltsame Verhaltensweisen
3.8) Wenn PostgreSQL beim Systemhalt lief, führt Linux beim Neustart
jedesmal einen Filesystemcheck (fsck) durch
3.9) Warum dauert Query 32 in den RegressionsTests so lange?
3.10) Warum bekomme ich lustige Rundungsergebnisse in einigen
Datums/Zeit-Berechnungen, wie:
select '4 hours'::timespan;
liefert '3 hours 59 minutes 60 seconds'?
+3.11) Wieso bekomme ich einen Fehler wie: IpcMemoryCreate: shmget
failed (Permission denied)?
Abschnitt 1: PostgreSQL kompilieren
1.1) Welche Anpassungen müssen in src/Makefile.global oder
src/Makefile.custom gemacht werden und gibt es weitere notwendige
Änderungen?
Änderungen an den Makefiles werden am einfachsten dadurch gemacht,
indem das customize shellscript im src-Verzeichnis aufgerufen wird,
das ein Makefile.custom erzeugt.
Die einzige andere Änderung, die evtl. zu machen wäre, ist Flex zu
ersetzen, wenn Du die Version 2.5.3 hast. Diese Version hat einen
Fehler, der sich durch das Scheitern des createuser-Programms äußert.
(siehe dazu auch Frage 3.4).
Falls Du die Makefiles manuell änderst, musst Du die folgende Variable
setzen:
PORTNAME= linux
Du musst auch die folgende Variable ändern, damit sie auf Deine
Installation passt:
POSTGRESDIR
Falls Du die USE_TCL-Option aktivierst, musst Du folgende Variablen
setzen:
TCL_INCDIR=
TCL_LIBDIR=
TCL_LIB=
TK_INCDIR=
TK_LIBDIR=
TK_LIB=
X11_INCDIR=
X11_LIBDIR=
X11_LIB=
Auf meinem Slackware 3.0 System sind das:
TCL_INCDIR= /usr/include/tcl
TCL_LIBDIR= /usr/lib
TCL_LIB= -ltcl
TK_INCDIR= /usr/include/tcl
TK_LIBDIR= /usr/lib
TK_LIB= -ltk
X11_INCDIR= /usr/include/X11
X11_LIBDIR= /usr/X386/lib
X11_LIB= -lX11
Du solltest auch alle weiteren Änderungen durchführen, die in der
Datei INSTALL und in Makefile.global dokumentiert sind.
1.2) Warum habe ich Probleme mit der fehlenden Bibliothek libreadline?
Linux Systeme kommen in der Regel nicht mit einer installierten GNU
readline Bibliothek. Stelle entweder sicher, daß Du die
readline-Optionen in src/Makefile.global oder src/Makefile.custom
nicht aktivierst oder installiere die GNU readline Bibliothek.
Hinweis: Debian Linux (wie FreeBSD) kommt mit einer installierten GNU
readline Bibliothek.
1.3) [REDHAT] Warum habe ich Probleme mit der fehlenden Bibliothek libdl
und der fehlenden dlfcn.h?
Das Problem erscheint dadurch, daß in der letzten Phase des
Kompilierungsvorgangs Funktionen wie dlopen(), dlclose(), etc. nicht
gelinkt werden können.
Die libdl Bibliothek wird zum dynamischen Linken von
Benutzerfunktionen zur Laufzeit benutzt. Aus irgendwelchen Gründen
wurde diese Bibliothek mit der RedHat-Distribution nicht ausgeliefert.
Anscheinend ist dies in der letzten RedHat 4.0 (Colgate) geändert
worden.
RedHat hat nun ein neues ld.so RPM-Archiv auf ihrem ftp-Server. Hole
Dir einfach:
ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/devel/i386/RedHat/RPMS/ld.so-1.7.14-4.
i386.rpm
Installiere das RPM-Archiv wie üblich und gut ist!
Hinweis: Du mußt configure und make clean nach der Installation der
Bibliothek und vor dem erneuten Kompilieren laufen lassen.
Es gab einen Bericht über ein zerstörtes System, weil Programme auf
diese Bibliothek während des Updates zugegriffen haben (alles in allem
nicht weiter überraschend). Konsequenterweise ist es eine gute Idee,
das System vor der Installation zu rebooten, um so wenige Programme
wie möglich während des Updates laufen zu haben. In den
Single-User-Mode zu gehen ist wahrscheinlich auch eine gute Idee!
Wenn Du lieber den harten Weg gehen willst, kannst Du die Bibliothek
und die Header-Dateien von:
ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/packages/GCC/ld.so-1.7.14.tar.gz
holen. Alternativ findest Du vorkompilierte Binaries in
distributions/debian/buzz/binary-i386/base/ld.so-1.7.14-4.deb auf dem
gleichen ftp-Server oder folge den Instruktionen bei Frage 1.2, die
den gleichen Fehler für Slackware 3.1 behandelt.
Mache es aber nur auf diese Weise, wenn Du weißt, was Du tust!
1.4) [SLACKWARE 3.1] Warum habe ich Probleme mit der fehlenden Bibliothek
libdl und der fehlenden dlfcn.h?
Das Problem erscheint dadurch, daß in der letzten Phase des
Kompilierungsvorgangs Funktionen wie dlopen(), dlclose(), etc. nicht
gelinkt werden können.
Siehe die Antwort zu Frage 1.3.
Slackware bis Version 3.0 war mit dieser Bibliothek und der
Include-Datei ausgestattet und ab späten 3.1er-Versionen scheinen sie
auch wieder da zu sein. Aber in frühen 3.1er-Versionen (vor dem
09.09.96) fehlten sie und es wurden viele CD-ROMs von diesen ersten
3.1.er-Versionen gepresst.
Es gab einen Bericht über ein zerstörtes System, weil Programme auf
diese Bibliothek während des Updates zugegriffen haben (alles in allem
nicht weiter überraschend). Konsequenterweise ist es eine gute Idee,
das System vor der Installation zu rebooten, um so wenige Programme
wie möglich während des Updates laufen zu haben. In den
Single-User-Mode zu gehen ist wahrscheinlich auch eine gute Idee!
Der einfachste Weg, den Fehler zu beseitigen ist, die Datei ldso.tgz
von der a4-Diskette einer aktuelleren Slackware zu nehmen, diese Datei
im Wurzelverzeichnis (/) zu entpacken und dann ein
sh install/doinst.sh
durchzuführen. Danach ein
ldconfig
durchführen.
Hinweis: Du mußt configure und make clean nach der Installation der
Bibliothek und vor dem erneuten Kompilieren laufen lassen.
Falls Du manuell installieren möchtest, installiere zuerst die Datei
dlfcn.h in /usr/include. Dann die libdl.so.1.7.14 (oder was immer die
letzte Version ist) in /lib. Dann führe folgende Befehle aus:
cd /lib
ln -sf libdl.so.1.7.14 libdl.so.1
ln -sf libdl.so.1 libdl.so
Auf manchen Systemen (je nach Deiner gcc-Konfiguration) können noch
folgende Befehle notwendig sein:
cd /usr/lib
ln -sf /lib/libdl.so .
Und zum Schluß noch ein
ldconfig
Hinweis: Du mußt configure und make clean nach der Installation der
Bibliothek und vor dem erneuten Kompilieren laufen lassen.
1.5) Die Kompilierung des Backends schlägt mit der Meldung fehl, daß die
Include-Datei dlfcn.h fehlen würde.
Siehe die Antworten zu den Fragen 1.3 und 1.4. Und vergiss nicht,
falls Du ein a.out-System benutzt, daß Du das dld-Paket installiert
haben muß (welches bei den meisten a.out-Systemen nicht dabei ist), um
dlfcn.h zu haben. Siehe Frage 1.11.
1.6) GCC meldet, daß er die Option -fpic ignorieren würde.
Frühere Versionen des gcc nahmen entweder -fpic oder -fPIC an. Es
scheint, daß neuere Versionen (V2.7.2?) -fPIC erfordern. Falls Du ein
ELF-System benutzt, kannst das alles ignoriert werden, da -fPIC als
Standardvorgabe voreingestellt ist. Du kannst diese Angabe
korrigieren, indem Du CFLAGS_SL in der Datei src/Makefile.global
änderst.
1.7) Ich bekomme Warnungen, wie: warning: cast from pointer to integer of
different size
Diese Warnungen wurden in früheren Versionen von Postgres95 gesichtet
und können ignoriert werden. PostgreSQL V6.0 sollte ohne Warnungen
kompiliert werden, außer jenen, die sich auf System-Header-Dateien
beziehen (welche auch ignoriert werden können).
1.8) [SuSE-Linux 4.2-5.3] Wo sind curses und termcap?
SuSE-Linux 4.2 hat ncurses, nicht curses. Version 4.4 scheint beide
Bibliotheken zu haben. Bei SuSE-Linux ist außerdem die
termcap-Bibliothek in /usr/lib/termcap/ und nicht in /usr/lib.
PostgreSQL (bis Version V6.0)
Setze den Wert für CURSES_LIB in src/Makefile.custom auf -lncurses
(oder erledige das durch das customize script. Füge folgende Zeile zur
Datei src/Makefile.custom hinzu:
LDADD_BE+= -L/usr/lib/termcap
Möglicherweise mußt Du in der Datei src/bin/psql/Makefile folgende
Änderung durchführen:
ifeq ($(PORTNAME), linux)
LD_ADD+=
ändern in:
ifeq ($(PORTNAME), linux)
LD_ADD+= -ltermcap
PostgreSQL (V6.1)
Das Konfigurationsscript weiß nicht, daß es auch in /usr/lib/termcap
nach der termcap-Bibliothek schauen soll. Du solltest dieses
Verzeichnis angeben, wenn es nach zusätzlichen Such-Verzeichnissen
fragt.
Falls das nicht funkitoniert (Ich habe SuSE nicht, um das zu testen),
dann solltest Du nach dem ./configure-Lauf die Datei
src/Makefile.global ändern und in die LDFLAGS-Zeile den Eintrag
-ltermcap (nach -lreadline) hinzufügen. (Alternativ kannst Du auch die
Datei src/Makefile.custom ändern, bevor Du ./configure aufrufst.)
Einige SuSE-Versionen liefern nur ncurses, deshalb kann es sein, daß
Du die Benutzung von ncurses statt curses erzwingen mußt, indem Du
-lcurses in -lncurses änderst. (bestätigt für SuSE 5.1)
PostgreSQL (V6.4)
In PostgreSQL V6.4 überprüft configure sowohl das Vorhandensein von
curses, als auch das von ncurses. In der Zwischenzeit kannst Du den
patch von Karl Eichwalder (ke@suse.de) anwenden:
http://www.PostgreSQL.ORG/mhonarc/pgsql-patches/msg00407.html
oder (mit deutschen Bemerkungen):
http://www.suse.de/Support/sdb/ke_postgresql-632.html
Es gab außerdem einen Bericht, daß beim Update von SuSE 5.0 auf SuSE
5.2 der Link von libtermcap.so.2.0.8 auf libtermcap.so nicht gesetzt
wurde:
cd /usr/lib
ln -s libtermcap.so.2.0.8 libtermcap.so
1.9) Warum bekomme ich Probleme mit ld.so?
Falls Du Probleme mit ld.so bekommst - eine andere Bibliothek, die im
ELF-System für dynamisches Laden benötigt wird - dann hast Du Deine
Systeminstallation oder wahrscheinlicher ein Linux-Update
durcheinandergebracht Siehe die Fragen 1.3/1.4. Möglicherweise mußt Du
ld.so.x.y.z in /lib installieren und ldconfig laufen lassen. Die
aktuellste Version des ld-Packages ist 1.7.14. Zum Zeitpunkt des
Schreibens dieser FAQ ist die Version 1.8 noch experimental.
1.10) Wieso bekomme ich yy_flush_buffer undefined Fehler?
Das ist nicht wirklich Linux-spezifisch, aber es tritt häufiger auf
alten Linux-Systemen auf. Du brauchst eine aktuelle Version von flex
(2.5.2. oder neuer), um PostgreSQL zu kompilieren. Beachte, daß flex
2.5.3. einen Bug hat, siehe auch Frage 3.4.
1.11) Wie kompiliere ich PostgreSQL auf einem a.out System?
Als erstes mußt Du die dld-Bibliothek installieren. Diese gibt es auf
Sunsite unter Linux/libs/dld.3.2.7.tar.gz
(ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/libs/dld.3.2.7.tar.gz).
Dann füge folgende Zeile in src/Makefile.custom hinzu:
LINUX_ELF=
oder benutze das customize Skript
1.12) Warum scheitert make mit der Meldung:
yacc -d /disk2/PostgreSQL/src/backend/parser/gram.y make: /usr/bin/make:
cannot execute binary file
Das war ein Problem in frühreren Versionen von Postgres95.
Standardmäßig benutzt PostgreSQL bison -y anstatt yacc.
yacc ist normalerweise als Skript implementiert, das bison -y aufruft.
Aus verschiedenen Gründen ist make nicht in der Lage, das Skript
auszuführen (verschiedene Versionen von make? Verschiedene Versionen
der bash?)
Um das zu beheben, ändere einfach die Datei
src/mk/port/postgres.mk.linux am Ende. Die Zeile:
# YACC = bison -y
wird zu:
YACC = bison -y
1.13) Was sind die Bezüge in der Bibliothek X11_LIB zu libsocket und libnsl
in der Datei src/Makefile.global?
Das war ein Problem in Version 1.08 (Sun Solaris spezifisch). Sie sind
behoben in 1.09 und 6.0
1.14) [DEBIAN] Wo ist die Bibliothek libtermcap?
Debian Linux kommt ohne die termcap-Bibliothek und benutzt ncurses
(welche terminfo benutzt). Es gibt keinen Grund, die
CURSES_LIB-Variable in src/bin/psql/Makefile zu ändern, da Debian
einen Link von libncurses auf libcurses bereitstellt (im Gegensatz zu
SuSE, siehe Frage 1.8)
Du kannst die Datei src/bin/psql/Makefile wie folgt ändern:
ifeq ($(PORTNAME), linux)
LD_ADD+= -ltermcap
in
ifeq ($(PORTNAME), linux)
LD_ADD+=
1.15) [REDHAT] Kann ich PostgreSQL als RPM-Archiv bekommen?
Ja! Michal Mosiewicz (http://www.pdi.lodz.pl/~mimo) hat ein RPM für
PostgreSQL V6.0 auf Intel Architekturen zusammengestellt, welches er
nach ftp://ftp.redhat.org/pub/Incoming/Postgres-6.0-1.i386.rpm
hochgeladen hat.
Das ist eine vorkompilierte Version, das Quelltext-RPM stammt vom
03.02.1997.
1.16) Während ich versuche eine Entwickler-Version unter Linux zu
kompilieren, bricht der Vorgang mit folgender Fehlermeldung ab:
In file included from /usr/include/sys/sem.h:8,
from ipc.c:37:
/usr/include/asm/bitops.h:32: warning: no previous prototype for Set_bit'
....
make: *** [ipc.o] Error 1
Das Problem ist, daß Linux keine Prototypen für diese
Inline-Funktionen bereithält. Die Lösung liegt darin, das Makefile in
.../src/backend/storage/ipc/ zu ändern: Ändere die Zeile:
CFLAGS+=$(INCLUDE_OPT)
in
CFLAGS+=$(INCLUDE_OPT) -Wno-error
Mache dasselbe dann im ../src/backend/storage/lmgr Verzeichnis.
1.17) Beim Kompilieren von PostgreSQL bricht der gcc mit einer Signal 11
Meldung ab.
Oder genauer: gcc: Internal compiler error: program cc1 got fatal
signal 11
Das können Hardware/Speicherprobleme sein. PostgreSQL ist ein großes
Programm und große gcc-Kompilierungsläfe (wie eben PostgreSQL oder
eine Kernel-Kompilierung) beanspruchen den Hauptspeicher wie wenig
andere Programme. Dadurch können Fehler auftreten, die in normalen
Situationen nicht erscheinen. Niedrigere Betriebssysteme beanspruchen
die Hardware ebenfalls nicht in diesem Maße, deshalb kann es sein, daß
Du niemals Probleme unter DOS/Windows siehst.
Mehr Information zu diesem Problem gibt es unter
http://www.BitWizard.nl/sig11/ und in deutsch unter
http://www.suse.de/sdb/de/html/kfr_58.html.
Laut dieser Sig11-FAQ scheint es ein spezielles Problem mit dem RedHat
5.0 gcc auf einem Cyrix-Prozessor zu geben. Siehe bitte dort nach den
Details nach.
1.18) Kann ich Version 6.1.1 unter MkLinux installieren?
Tatsuo Ishii hat das unter MkLinux DR2.1 update2 geschafft, nachdem
der kleine Patch von
ftp://ftp.sra.co.jp/pub/cmd/postgres/6.1.1/mklinux.patch.gz
eingespielt wurde.
1.19) Warum stoppt make oder bricht sonstwie ab?
Es gibt eine Reihe von Reports darüber, daß gmake zu früh aussteigt
oder mit einem Segmentation Fault aussteigt. Das letzte Problem wurde
von gmake 3.74 berichtet. Ein Update auf 3.76.1 löste dieses Problem.
Wie auch immer, 3.74 arbeitet bei vielen Leuten zur vollsten
Zufriedenheit. Kurz gesagt, upgrade Deinen gmake auf die aktuellste
Version, bevor Du dieses Problem meldest.
1.20) Wie kann ich für die Prozessoren 486 oder Pentium optimieren?
Die Standard-Compilerflags führen keine Optimierung für den 486er oder
den Pentium-Prozessor durch. Um diese Optimierung zu aktivieren, füge
wahlweise eine der folgenden Zeilen der Datei Makefile.custom hinzu:
CFLAGS+= -m486
oder
CFLAGS+= -mpentium
oder
CFLAGS+= -mpentiumpro
1.21) Wieso bekomme ich seltsame Ergebnisse beim Drucken von Zeiten (z.B.
beim Regressionstest 'timespan')?
Die Zeit erscheint z.B. als: "4 hours 59 mins 60.00 secs" und nicht
als "5 hours"
Das ist ein Problem mit der glibc2-Bibliothek, die mit RedHat 5.0
ausgeliefert wird. Update Deine glibc auf die aktuellste
RedHat-Version für v5.0/Hurricane. Alle Versionen vor glibc-2.9.7
scheinen dieses Problem zu haben.
1.22) Warum bekomme ich keine shared libraries für libpq, wenn ich Version
6.3.2 kompiliere?
Es gab eine Last-Minute-Änderung der Linux-Konfiguration für Version
6.3.2. Siehe für einige Fehlerbehebungen und einen Linux-ELF-Patch in
ftp://postgresql.org/pub/patches/ nach.
1.23) Warum scheitert der Kompilierungslauf mit Nachrichten, daß F_BOOLIN,
F_BOOLOUT und F_BYTEAIN nicht deklariert seien?
Die komplette Meldung sieht ungefähr so aus:
-I/usr/include/readline -O2 -Wall -Wmissing-prototypes -I..
-Wno-error -c bootstrap.c -o bootstrap.o
bootstrap.c:160: `F_BOOLIN' undeclared here (not in a function)
bootstrap.c:160: initializer element for `Procid[0].inproc' is not
constant
bootstrap.c:160: `F_BOOLOUT' undeclared here (not in a function)
bootstrap.c:160: initializer element for `Procid[0].outproc' is not
constant
bootstrap.c:161: `F_BYTEAIN' undeclared here (not in a function)
bootstrap.c:161: initializer element for `Procid[1].inproc' is not
constant
Solange Du nicht weißt, warum das passiert, ist dieses Problem
ziemlich kniffelig, da diese Konstanten anscheinend nirgendwo
definiert werden.
Die Lösung ist dafür zu sorgen, daß der cpp in Deinem Pfad erreichbar
ist, bevor make gestartet wird.
Auf Redhat 5.1, ist cpp in /usr/lib/gcc-lib/i386-redhat-linux/2.7.2.3
Abschnitt 2: Hilfs- und Zusatzprogramme kompilieren
2.1) Der Linker findet die Bibliothek libX11 nicht, wenn pgtclsh kompiliert
werden soll.
Füge folgende Zeile in src/Makefile.custom hinzu:
X11_LIBDIR = /usr/X11R6/lib
Abschnitt 3: Laufzeit Probleme
3.1) Ich bekomme die Fehlermeldung _fUnKy_POSTPORT_sTuFf_ undefined, wenn
Skripts wie createuser laufen.
Das ist ein Fehler in Versionen 1.06-1.07 und ist ab Version 1.08 und
höher behoben.
3.2) Nachdem ich postmaster starte, meldet das System Bad system call (Core
dumped)
Diese Fehlermeldung deutet an, daß Du keinen Shared-Memory-Support in
den Kernel einkompiliert hast. Der Kernel muß mit dieser Option neu
kompiliert werden, um diese Eigenschaft hinzuzufügen.
3.3) Wenn ich versuche, den Postmaster zu starten, bekomme ich eine
Fehlermeldung wie:
Failed Assertion("!(file != 0):(null)", File:
"/usr/local/PostgreSQL/src/backend/storage/file/fd.c", Line: 257)
!(file != 0) (0)
initdb: could not create template database
initdb: cleaning up.
Deine Berechtigungen für die Datei /dev/null sind falsch gesetzt. ein
ls -l /dev/null sollte folgende Ausgabe zeigen:
crw-rw-rw- 1 root wheel 2, 2 Oct 8 18:41 /dev/null
Korrigiere die Berechtigungen mit:
chmod a+rw /dev/null
3.4) Warum funktioniert createuser nicht?
Es gibt ein Problem mit Version 2.5.3 des GNU flex und createuser. Die
Möglichkeiten, diesen Fehler zu beheben sind: Entweder auf die
flex-Version 2.5.3 zu gehen, auf Version 2.5.4 zu gehen, oder den
Patch nach doc/README.flex einzuspielen.
Die Version 2.5.4. gibt es unter
ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/flex-2.5.4.tar.gz.
3.5) Wieso bekomme ich einen Fehler, wie:
IpcMemoryCreate: memKey=155356396 , size=760632 ,
permission=384IpcMemoryCreate: shmget(..., create, ...)
failed: Invalid argument
Du hast keine IPC-Unterstützung in Deinen Linux-Kernel einkompiliert.
Der Kernel muß mit dieser Option neu kompiliert werden, um diese
Eigenschaft hinzuzufügen.
3.6) Wieso scheitert der Aufruf von psql mit: psql: can't load library
'libpq.so.1
Psql wurde mit dynamischen Zugriff auf die libpq-bibliothek
kompiliert. Um dieses Problem zu lösen, solltest Du Dich als root
anmelden und die Datei /etc/ld.so.conf editieren. Füge eine Zeile am
Ende hinzu, die den Namen des PostgreSQL-Bibliotheken-Verzeichnis
enthält (das lib-Verzeichnis im PostgreSQL-Installationsverzeichnis)
und rufe den Befehl /sbin/ldconfig -v auf. Alternativ (und falls Du
keinen root-Zugriff hast) kannst Du die LD_LIBRARY_PATH-Variable
benutzen. Die LD_LIBRARY_PATH-Variable enthält eine durch Doppelpunkt
getrennte Liste mit Suchpfaden für Shared-Bibliotheken. Diese Liste
wird durchsucht, bevor auf die Informationen von ldconfig zugegriffen
wird. Unter der bash sieht das ganze so aus:
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH='PathToPGSQL'/lib
unter der tcsh so:
setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH 'PathToPGSQL'/lib
wobei 'PathToPGSQL' das Installationsverzeichnis von PostgreSQL ist.
Hinweis: der ldd-Befehl dient dazu, sich die dynamischen Bibliotheken
für eine bestimmte ausführbare Datei anzeigen zu lassen.
3.7) Andere seltsame Verhaltensweisen
Ich bin mir nicht sicher, welche Symptome alle auftreten können, außer
daß gar nichts richtig funktioniert, aber es stellte sich heraus, daß
man sorgsam darauf achten sollte, daß die richtige Version der
libpq-Bibliothek geladen wird. Falls Du alte Versionen in Deinem
Bibliothekspfad hast (z.B. in /usr/lib) können diese statt der neueren
Version geladen werden. Schaffe diese alten Versionen beiseite und
siehe im übrigen Frage 3.6 für weitere Details bezüglich dem Laden von
Bibliotheken.
3.8) Wenn PostgreSQL beim Systemhalt lief, führt Linux beim Neustart
jedesmal einen Filesystemcheck (fsck) durch
Es gab darüber einige Berichte und es scheint, daß dies passiert, wenn
PostgreSQL von der /etc/inittab gestartet wird, wie im
INSTALL-Dokument beschrieben.
Deshalb wird Dir empfohlen, den postmaster von einem rc-Skript aus zu
starten. Unter einem Slackware-artigem System würdest Du
/etc/rc.d/rc.local modifizieren, um den postmaster zu starten.
Unter RedHat-artigen Systemen würdest Du ein SysV-artiges Skript in
/etc/rc.d/rc3.d basierend auf der /etc/rc.d/init.d Schablonen-Datei
erstellen.
Es gibt eine Beispieldatei unter dem Verzeichnis
contrib/linux/postgres.init.
Hier ist noch ein anderes Beispiel von John Robinson welches Du
entsprechend anpassen kannst.
#!/bin/sh
#
# postgreSQL.init This shell script takes care of starting and stopping
# the PostgreSQL postmaster.
#
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
# Start daemons.
echo -n "Starting postgres Postmaster daemon:"
if [ -z "`pidofproc postmaster`" ]
then
su postgres -c "/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /home/postgr
eSQL/data -p 5432 &"
echo -n " postmaster"
else
echo -n " (already running)"
fi
echo
touch /var/lock/subsys/postgres
;;
stop)
# Stop daemons.
echo -n "Shutting down postgres Postmaster daemon: "
killall -TERM postmaster 2>/dev/null
killall -TERM postgres 2>/dev/null
echo
rm -f /var/lock/subsys/postgres
;;
*)
echo "Usage: postgres {start|stop}"
exit 1
esac
exit 0
3.9) Warum dauert Query 32 in den RegressionsTests so lange?
Das passiert wegen eines Fehlers in den Regressions-Skripten auf
Linux-Kisten. Es gibt - soweit ich weiß - zwei Möglichkeiten, diese
Fehler zu umgehen (die Information stammt von Tatsuo Ishii):
1. ändere folgende Zeile in regress.sh:
time postgres -texecutor -tplanner -Q bench < bench.sql
in
postgres -texecutor -tplanner -Q bench < bench.sql
2. nachdem der Test gelaufen ist, entferne eine Zeile ganz am Ende der
Datei bench.out, die ungefähr so aussieht:
85.86user 114.47system 4:49.20elapsed 69%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 0maxresident)k
dann gib folgendes auf der Befehlszeile ein:
sh ./perquery < bench.out > & bench.out.perquery
3.10) Warum bekomme ich lustige Rundungsergebnisse in einigen
Datums/Zeit-Berechnungen, wie:
select '4 hours'::timespan;
liefert '3 hours 59 minutes 60 seconds'?
Du benutzt neue glibc2-Bibliotheken in einer Version kleiner als
2.0.7. Das ist ein mathematisches Rundungsproblem. Aktualisiere Deine
Bibliothek.
3.11) Wieso bekomme ich einen Fehler wie: IpcMemoryCreate: shmget failed
(Permission denied)?
Im Detail erscheint der Fehler mit dieser Meldung:
In detail, a message like this may appear:
IpcMemoryCreate: shmget failed (Permission denied)
key=5432010, size=120, permission=700
IpcMemoryAttach: shmat failed (Permission denied) id=0
FATAL 1: AttachSLockMemory: could not attach segment
Dieser Fehler wird durch nicht gelöschte Segmente im shared memory
verursacht. (Du kannst sie mit dem Programm ipcs sehen. Benutze das
Programm ipcrm, um sie zu löschen.
_________________________________________________________________
Author of the english version
Dr. Andrew C.R. Martin University College London
EMAIL: (Work) martin@biochem.ucl.ac.uk (Home)
andrew@stagleys.demon.co.uk
URL: http://www.biochem.ucl.ac.uk/~martin
Tel: (Work) +44(0)171 419 3890 (Home) +44(0)1372 275775
Translator of the german version
Karsten Schulz Linux Systemhaus Schulz
EMAIL: (Work) schulz@Linux-Systemhaus.de (Home) kaschu@t800.ping.de
URL: http://www.Linux-Systemhaus.de/
Tel: (Work) +49 231 3944432 (Fax) +49 231 3944435

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doc/FAQ_Linux_Italian
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doc/FAQ_SCO
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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) for PostgreSQL V7.0
SCO UnixWare and OpenServer Specific
TO BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE NORMAL FAQ
=======================================================
last updated: Mon May 1 23:35:43 EDT 2000
last updated: $Date: 2000/08/26 19:34:24 $
current maintainer: Billy G. Allie (Bill.Allie@mug.org)
original author: Andrew Merrill (andrew@compclass.com)
@ -22,8 +22,6 @@ Topics:
*) Readline
*) Using the UDK on OpenServer
*) Compiling PostgreSQL using the UDK
*) Shared Memory and SHMMAX
*) Java and JDBC
*) Reading the PostgreSQL man pages on UnixWare
@ -148,105 +146,6 @@ the following patch:
return result;
------------------------------8< CUT HERE >8------------------------------
***************************************************************************
*) Shared Memory and SHMMAX
PostgreSQL supports multiple backend daemons running at once. A block
of shared memory is used by the backend processes. A larger block
of shared memory allows PostgreSQL to run faster and support more
complicated queries.
By default, UnixWare 7 and OpenServer are confiugured to support shared memory
blocks that are no larger than 524288 bytes, or 512K. By default, PostgreSQL
tries to allocate a shared memory block that is larger than this. If
you don't do anything, this allocation will fail, and the postmaster
daemon will not be able to run.
The error message looks like this (the numbers may be different):
IpcMemoryCreate: shmget failed (Invalid argument) key=5432001, size=831176, permission=600
FATAL 1: ShmemCreate: cannot create region
You have two choices: tell PostgreSQL to allocate a smaller shared memory
block, or tell Unix to allow larger shared memory blocks. The latter
is the preferred solution, but it requires a kernel tunable change and a
reboot to implement.
To configure the size of the PostgreSQL shared memory block, use the -B
option to the postmaster command, which configures the number of buffers
used by PostgresSQL. (The shared memory block consists of these buffers
and around 300K of other stuff.) Each buffer uses 8K, and by default
there are 64 buffers, or 64*8*1024 = 524288 bytes (plus the ~300K of other
stuff).
To use PostgreSQL without doing any kernel tuning, use a -B value of
about 24. This would take up 24*8*1024 = 196608 bytes, plus ~300K
of other stuff, yields about 500000, which will fit in under the
default 512K limit.
Example: postmaster -B 24
The recommended option is to instead raise the kernel tunable SHMMAX,
which controls the size of the largest allowed shared memory block.
*** Tuning SHMMAX on UnixWare ***
To display the current value of SHMMAX, run:
/etc/conf/bin/idtune -g SHMMAX
which displays the current, default, minimum, and maximum values, in bytes.
To set a new value for SHMMAX, run:
/etc/conf/bin/idtune SHMMAX value
where value is the new value you want to use (in bytes).
After setting SHMMAX, rebuild the kernel and reboot.
To rebuild the kernel:
/etc/conf/bin/idbuild -B
*** Tuning SHMMAX on OpenServer ***
First, cd to /etc/conf/cf.d.
To display the current value of SHMMAX, in bytes, run:
./configure -y SHMMAX
To set a new value for SHMMAX, run:
./configure SHMMAX=value
where value is the new value you want to use (in bytes).
After setting SHMMAX, rebuild the kernel and reboot.
To rebuild the kernel:
./link_unix
***************************************************************************
*) Java and JDBC
The JDBC interface will not build on UnixWare or OpenServer without changes.
The JDBC Makefile in src/interfaces/jdbc/Makefile uses the $$( ) construction
to run an external shell command, instead of the older ` ` syntax.
However, the $$( ) syntax does not work on UnixWare or OpenServer.
So, each of the two uses of it must be replaced with backquotes. You can
search for $$( to locate the two lines that need changing.
In the file src/interfaces/jdbc/Makefile :
change:
make $$($(JAVA) makeVersion)
to:
make `$(JAVA) makeVersion`
and change:
$(JAR) -c0f $@ $$($(FIND) postgresql -name "*.class" -print)
to:
$(JAR) -c0f $@ `$(FIND) postgresql -name "*.class" -print`
Of course, you also need to have installed Java on your system, and
make sure that /usr/java/bin is in your PATH.
And, remember to use GNU make, as always.
***************************************************************************
*) Reading the PostgreSQL man pages on UnixWare

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doc/FAQ_Solaris
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@ -3,24 +3,16 @@ Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) for PostgreSQL V6.5
Sun Solaris Specific
TO BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE NORMAL FAQ
=======================================================
last updated: Thu Sep 21 9:30:00 CET 1999
last updated: $Date: 2000/08/26 19:34:24 $
current maintainer: Marc Liyanage (liyanage@access.ch)
original author: Marc Liyanage (liyanage@access.ch)
Contents:
1.1) What tools do I need to build and install PostgreSQL on Solaris?
1.2) What else do I have to do before building PostgreSQL?
1.3) Why am I getting "IpcMemoryCreate" errors when I try
to run postmaster?
1.4) Why am I getting "Can't tell what username to use" errors
when I try to run initdb?
A) Contributors
Notes:
@ -32,7 +24,6 @@ Notes:
- These instructions are written for Solaris 2.6
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Section 1: Building and Installing PostgreSQL
----------------------------------------------------------------------
@ -43,7 +34,7 @@ You will need
- GNU flex 2.5.4 or better (the lex included in Solaris 2.6 won't work)
- GNU bison (the yacc included in Solaris 2.6 won't work)
- GNU zip (gzip and especially zcat for installing the docs)
- GNU zip (gzip and especially gunzip for installing the docs)
- GNU make
- GNU readline library
@ -59,7 +50,6 @@ http://www.gnu.org/order/ftp.html
1.2) What else do I have to do before building PostgreSQL?
Shared libraries
@ -89,77 +79,3 @@ Do this:
There is some good information about this here:
http://www.visi.com/~barr/ldpath.html
zcat
----
If
- both the original solaris zcat as well as the recommended
GNU zcat are installed on the system (e.g. the former in /usr/bin and
the latter in /usr/local/bin) and
- configure (or "which zcat") finds the wrong one
then configure needs to be told where GNU zcat can be found.
Failure to do so will cause configure to select the wrong one
and the "gmake install" command in the "doc" subdirectory
(step 12 in the INSTALL file) will fail because Solaris
zcat cannot handle the .gz compressed documentation files.
To fix this, type
# export GZCAT=/usr/local/bin/zcat
(or wherever your GNU zcat lives)
before running configure.
1.3) Why am I getting "IpcMemoryCreate" errors when I try
to run the postmaster?
(See also 3.4 in the main FAQ file)
Under Solaris 2.6 and probably others, the default shared memory
maximum segment size kernel parameter is set too low. The solution
is to put something like the following line into /etc/system and
reboot the system.
set shmsys:shminfo_shmmax=0x7fffffff
Excellent info regarding shared memory under Solaris can be found here:
http://www.sunworld.com/swol-09-1997/swol-09-insidesolaris.html
1.4) Why am I getting "Can't tell what username to use" errors
when I try to run initdb?
Put something like this into the .bash_profile startup script
of the postgres user (see also step 17 in the INSTALL file):
export USER=postgres
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Section A: Contributors
----------------------------------------------------------------------
- Jose Luis Rodriguez Garcia
Suggested to change the shmmax parameter in 1.3 from 0xffffffff to 0x7fffffff
because the value is a signed integer in Solaris versions prior to 2.6.

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doc/src/sgml/runtime.sgml
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@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
<!--
$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/runtime.sgml,v 1.19 2000/08/25 10:00:29 petere Exp $
$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/runtime.sgml,v 1.20 2000/08/26 19:34:24 petere Exp $
-->
<Chapter Id="runtime">
@ -298,6 +298,13 @@ IpcSemaphoreCreate: semget(key=5440026, num=16, 01600) failed: No space left on
increase the kernel limit.
</para>
<para>
If you get an <quote>illegal system call</> error, then it is likely that
shared memory or semaphores are not supported at all in your kernel. In
that case your only option is to re-configure the kernel to turn on these
features.
</para>
<para>
Details about configuring System V IPC facilities are given in
<xref linkend="sysvipc">.

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