Add psql \errverbose command to see last server error at full verbosity.

Often, upon getting an unexpected error in psql, one's first wish is that
the verbosity setting had been higher; for example, to be able to see the
schema-name field or the server code location info.  Up to now the only way
has been to adjust the VERBOSITY variable and repeat the failing query.
That's a pain, and it doesn't work if the error isn't reproducible.

This commit adds a psql feature that redisplays the most recent server
error at full verbosity, without needing to make any variable changes or
re-execute the failed command.  We just need to hang onto the latest error
PGresult in case the user executes \errverbose, and then apply libpq's
new PQresultVerboseErrorMessage() function to it.  This will consume
some trivial amount of psql memory, but otherwise the cost when the
feature isn't used should be negligible.

Alex Shulgin, reviewed by Daniel Vérité, some improvements by me

doc/src/sgml/ref/psql-ref.sgml

@@ -1717,6 +1717,20 @@ Tue Oct 26 21:40:57 CEST 1999
       </varlistentry>
 
 
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><literal>\errverbose</literal></term>
+
+        <listitem>
+        <para>
+        Repeats the most recent server error message at maximum
+        verbosity, as though <varname>VERBOSITY</varname> were set
+        to <literal>verbose</> and <varname>SHOW_CONTEXT</varname> were
+        set to <literal>always</>.
+        </para>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+
       <varlistentry>
         <term><literal>\f [ <replaceable class="parameter">string</replaceable> ]</literal></term>
 
@@ -3244,6 +3258,8 @@ bar
         that context will be shown in error messages, but not in notice or
         warning messages).  This setting has no effect
         when <varname>VERBOSITY</> is set to <literal>terse</>.
+        (See also <command>\errverbose</>, for use when you want a verbose
+        version of the error you just got.)
         </para>
         </listitem>
       </varlistentry>
@@ -3286,6 +3302,8 @@ bar
         This variable can be set to the values <literal>default</>,
         <literal>verbose</>, or <literal>terse</> to control the verbosity
         of error reports.
+        (See also <command>\errverbose</>, for use when you want a verbose
+        version of the error you just got.)
         </para>
         </listitem>
       </varlistentry>

src/bin/psql/command.c

@@ -822,6 +822,28 @@ exec_command(const char *cmd,
 		}
 	}
 
+	/* \errverbose -- display verbose message from last failed query */
+	else if (strcmp(cmd, "errverbose") == 0)
+	{
+		if (pset.last_error_result)
+		{
+			char	   *msg;
+
+			msg = PQresultVerboseErrorMessage(pset.last_error_result,
+											  PQERRORS_VERBOSE,
+											  PQSHOW_CONTEXT_ALWAYS);
+			if (msg)
+			{
+				psql_error("%s", msg);
+				PQfreemem(msg);
+			}
+			else
+				puts(_("out of memory"));
+		}
+		else
+			puts(_("There was no previous error."));
+	}
+
 	/* \f -- change field separator */
 	else if (strcmp(cmd, "f") == 0)
 	{

src/bin/psql/common.c

@@ -497,6 +497,33 @@ AcceptResult(const PGresult *result)
 }
 
 
+/*
+ * ClearOrSaveResult
+ *
+ * If the result represents an error, remember it for possible display by
+ * \errverbose.  Otherwise, just PQclear() it.
+ */
+static void
+ClearOrSaveResult(PGresult *result)
+{
+	if (result)
+	{
+		switch (PQresultStatus(result))
+		{
+			case PGRES_NONFATAL_ERROR:
+			case PGRES_FATAL_ERROR:
+				if (pset.last_error_result)
+					PQclear(pset.last_error_result);
+				pset.last_error_result = result;
+				break;
+
+			default:
+				PQclear(result);
+				break;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 
 /*
  * PSQLexec
@@ -548,7 +575,7 @@ PSQLexec(const char *query)
 
 	if (!AcceptResult(res))
 	{
-		PQclear(res);
+		ClearOrSaveResult(res);
 		res = NULL;
 	}
 
@@ -590,7 +617,7 @@ PSQLexecWatch(const char *query, const printQueryOpt *opt)
 
 	if (!AcceptResult(res))
 	{
-		PQclear(res);
+		ClearOrSaveResult(res);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
@@ -1077,11 +1104,11 @@ SendQuery(const char *query)
 		if (PQresultStatus(results) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
 		{
 			psql_error("%s", PQerrorMessage(pset.db));
-			PQclear(results);
+			ClearOrSaveResult(results);
 			ResetCancelConn();
 			goto sendquery_cleanup;
 		}
-		PQclear(results);
+		ClearOrSaveResult(results);
 		transaction_status = PQtransactionStatus(pset.db);
 	}
 
@@ -1102,11 +1129,11 @@ SendQuery(const char *query)
 			if (PQresultStatus(results) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
 			{
 				psql_error("%s", PQerrorMessage(pset.db));
-				PQclear(results);
+				ClearOrSaveResult(results);
 				ResetCancelConn();
 				goto sendquery_cleanup;
 			}
-			PQclear(results);
+			ClearOrSaveResult(results);
 			on_error_rollback_savepoint = true;
 		}
 	}
@@ -1202,7 +1229,7 @@ SendQuery(const char *query)
 			if (PQresultStatus(svptres) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
 			{
 				psql_error("%s", PQerrorMessage(pset.db));
-				PQclear(svptres);
+				ClearOrSaveResult(svptres);
 				OK = false;
 
 				PQclear(results);
@@ -1213,7 +1240,7 @@ SendQuery(const char *query)
 		}
 	}
 
-	PQclear(results);
+	ClearOrSaveResult(results);
 
 	/* Possible microtiming output */
 	if (pset.timing)
@@ -1299,7 +1326,7 @@ ExecQueryUsingCursor(const char *query, double *elapsed_msec)
 		results = PQexec(pset.db, "BEGIN");
 		OK = AcceptResult(results) &&
 			(PQresultStatus(results) == PGRES_COMMAND_OK);
-		PQclear(results);
+		ClearOrSaveResult(results);
 		if (!OK)
 			return false;
 		started_txn = true;
@@ -1313,7 +1340,7 @@ ExecQueryUsingCursor(const char *query, double *elapsed_msec)
 	results = PQexec(pset.db, buf.data);
 	OK = AcceptResult(results) &&
 		(PQresultStatus(results) == PGRES_COMMAND_OK);
-	PQclear(results);
+	ClearOrSaveResult(results);
 	termPQExpBuffer(&buf);
 	if (!OK)
 		goto cleanup;
@@ -1384,7 +1411,7 @@ ExecQueryUsingCursor(const char *query, double *elapsed_msec)
 
 			OK = AcceptResult(results);
 			Assert(!OK);
-			PQclear(results);
+			ClearOrSaveResult(results);
 			break;
 		}
 
@@ -1392,7 +1419,7 @@ ExecQueryUsingCursor(const char *query, double *elapsed_msec)
 		{
 			/* StoreQueryTuple will complain if not exactly one row */
 			OK = StoreQueryTuple(results);
-			PQclear(results);
+			ClearOrSaveResult(results);
 			break;
 		}
 
@@ -1415,7 +1442,7 @@ ExecQueryUsingCursor(const char *query, double *elapsed_msec)
 
 		printQuery(results, &my_popt, fout, is_pager, pset.logfile);
 
-		PQclear(results);
+		ClearOrSaveResult(results);
 
 		/* after the first result set, disallow header decoration */
 		my_popt.topt.start_table = false;
@@ -1473,14 +1500,14 @@ cleanup:
 		OK = AcceptResult(results) &&
 			(PQresultStatus(results) == PGRES_COMMAND_OK);
 	}
-	PQclear(results);
+	ClearOrSaveResult(results);
 
 	if (started_txn)
 	{
 		results = PQexec(pset.db, OK ? "COMMIT" : "ROLLBACK");
 		OK &= AcceptResult(results) &&
 			(PQresultStatus(results) == PGRES_COMMAND_OK);
-		PQclear(results);
+		ClearOrSaveResult(results);
 	}
 
 	if (pset.timing)

src/bin/psql/help.c

@@ -168,10 +168,11 @@ slashUsage(unsigned short int pager)
 	 * Use "psql --help=commands | wc" to count correctly.  It's okay to count
 	 * the USE_READLINE line even in builds without that.
 	 */
-	output = PageOutput(109, pager ? &(pset.popt.topt) : NULL);
+	output = PageOutput(110, pager ? &(pset.popt.topt) : NULL);
 
 	fprintf(output, _("General\n"));
 	fprintf(output, _("  \\copyright             show PostgreSQL usage and distribution terms\n"));
+	fprintf(output, _("  \\errverbose            show most recent error message at maximum verbosity\n"));
 	fprintf(output, _("  \\g [FILE] or ;         execute query (and send results to file or |pipe)\n"));
 	fprintf(output, _("  \\gset [PREFIX]         execute query and store results in psql variables\n"));
 	fprintf(output, _("  \\q                     quit psql\n"));

src/bin/psql/settings.h

@@ -86,6 +86,8 @@ typedef struct _psqlSettings
 
 	FILE	   *copyStream;		/* Stream to read/write for \copy command */
 
+	PGresult   *last_error_result;		/* most recent error result, if any */
+
 	printQueryOpt popt;
 
 	char	   *gfname;			/* one-shot file output argument for \g */

src/bin/psql/startup.c

@@ -135,6 +135,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	pset.queryFout = stdout;
 	pset.queryFoutPipe = false;
 	pset.copyStream = NULL;
+	pset.last_error_result = NULL;
 	pset.cur_cmd_source = stdin;
 	pset.cur_cmd_interactive = false;
 

src/bin/psql/tab-complete.c

@@ -1280,7 +1280,7 @@ psql_completion(const char *text, int start, int end)
 		"\\dF", "\\dFd", "\\dFp", "\\dFt", "\\dg", "\\di", "\\dl", "\\dL",
 		"\\dm", "\\dn", "\\do", "\\dO", "\\dp", "\\drds", "\\ds", "\\dS",
 		"\\dt", "\\dT", "\\dv", "\\du", "\\dx", "\\dy",
-		"\\e", "\\echo", "\\ef", "\\encoding", "\\ev",
+		"\\e", "\\echo", "\\ef", "\\encoding", "\\errverbose", "\\ev",
 		"\\f", "\\g", "\\gset", "\\h", "\\help", "\\H", "\\i", "\\ir", "\\l",
 		"\\lo_import", "\\lo_export", "\\lo_list", "\\lo_unlink",
 		"\\o", "\\p", "\\password", "\\prompt", "\\pset", "\\q", "\\qecho", "\\r",