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Merge postmaster and postgres command into just postgres. postmaster

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symlink is kept for now for compatibility.  To call single-user mode, use
postgres --single.
REL8_2_STABLE
Peter Eisentraut 19 years ago
parent 44cb3ae7ef
commit 5266f221a2
37 changed files with 1121 additions and 1324 deletions
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  1. 12
      doc/src/sgml/arch-dev.sgml
  2. 14
      doc/src/sgml/backup.sgml
  3. 10
      doc/src/sgml/client-auth.sgml
  4. 28
      doc/src/sgml/config.sgml
  5. 4
      doc/src/sgml/datatype.sgml
  6. 8
      doc/src/sgml/func.sgml
  7. 16
      doc/src/sgml/installation.sgml
  8. 18
      doc/src/sgml/maintenance.sgml
  9. 6
      doc/src/sgml/manage-ag.sgml
  10. 10
      doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml
  11. 6
      doc/src/sgml/problems.sgml
  12. 4
      doc/src/sgml/protocol.sgml
  13. 4
      doc/src/sgml/ref/alter_database.sgml
  14. 4
      doc/src/sgml/ref/alter_role.sgml
  15. 5
      doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml
  16. 6
      doc/src/sgml/ref/ipcclean.sgml
  17. 32
      doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_ctl-ref.sgml
  18. 5
      doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_resetxlog.sgml
  19. 775
      doc/src/sgml/ref/postgres-ref.sgml
  20. 652
      doc/src/sgml/ref/postmaster.sgml
  21. 8
      doc/src/sgml/ref/reindex.sgml
  22. 4
      doc/src/sgml/ref/show.sgml
  23. 4
      doc/src/sgml/regress.sgml
  24. 60
      doc/src/sgml/runtime.sgml
  25. 10
      doc/src/sgml/start.sgml
  26. 10
      doc/src/sgml/storage.sgml
  27. 4
      src/backend/Makefile
  28. 36
      src/backend/bootstrap/bootstrap.c
  29. 401
      src/backend/main/main.c
  30. 4
      src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c
  31. 4
      src/backend/postmaster/pgarch.c
  32. 6
      src/backend/postmaster/pgstat.c
  33. 109
      src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c
  34. 4
      src/backend/postmaster/syslogger.c
  35. 62
      src/backend/tcop/postgres.c
  36. 14
      src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
  37. 86
      src/bin/pg_ctl/pg_ctl.c

12
doc/src/sgml/arch-dev.sgml
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/arch-dev.sgml,v 2.26 2006/03/10 19:10:46 momjian Exp $ --> <!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/arch-dev.sgml,v 2.27 2006/06/18 15:38:35 petere Exp $ -->
<chapter id="overview"> <chapter id="overview">
<title>Overview of PostgreSQL Internals</title> <title>Overview of PostgreSQL Internals</title>
@ -124,13 +124,11 @@
know ahead of time how many connections will be made, we have to know ahead of time how many connections will be made, we have to
use a <firstterm>master process</firstterm> that spawns a new use a <firstterm>master process</firstterm> that spawns a new
server process every time a connection is requested. This master server process every time a connection is requested. This master
process is called <literal>postmaster</literal> and listens at a process is called <literal>postgres</literal> and listens at a
specified TCP/IP port for incoming connections. Whenever a request specified TCP/IP port for incoming connections. Whenever a request
for a connection is detected the <literal>postmaster</literal> for a connection is detected the <literal>postgres</literal>
process spawns a new server process called process spawns a new server process. The server tasks
<literal>postgres</literal>. The server tasks communicate with each other using <firstterm>semaphores</firstterm> and
(<literal>postgres</literal> processes) communicate with each
other using <firstterm>semaphores</firstterm> and
<firstterm>shared memory</firstterm> to ensure data integrity <firstterm>shared memory</firstterm> to ensure data integrity
throughout concurrent data access. throughout concurrent data access.
</para> </para>

14
doc/src/sgml/backup.sgml
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/backup.sgml,v 2.80 2006/04/23 03:39:48 momjian Exp $ --> <!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/backup.sgml,v 2.81 2006/06/18 15:38:35 petere Exp $ -->
<chapter id="backup"> <chapter id="backup">
<title>Backup and Restore</title> <title>Backup and Restore</title>
@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ tar -cf backup.tar /usr/local/pgsql/data
(mainly because <command>tar</command> and similar tools do not take an (mainly because <command>tar</command> and similar tools do not take an
atomic snapshot of the state of the file system at a point in atomic snapshot of the state of the file system at a point in
time). Information about stopping the server can be found in time). Information about stopping the server can be found in
<xref linkend="postmaster-shutdown">. Needless to say that you <xref linkend="server-shutdown">. Needless to say that you
also need to shut down the server before restoring the data. also need to shut down the server before restoring the data.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
@ -778,7 +778,7 @@ SELECT pg_stop_backup();
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
It is also possible to make a backup dump while the postmaster is It is also possible to make a backup dump while the server is
stopped. In this case, you obviously cannot use stopped. In this case, you obviously cannot use
<function>pg_start_backup</> or <function>pg_stop_backup</>, and <function>pg_start_backup</> or <function>pg_stop_backup</>, and
you will therefore be left to your own devices to keep track of which you will therefore be left to your own devices to keep track of which
@ -796,7 +796,7 @@ SELECT pg_stop_backup();
<orderedlist> <orderedlist>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Stop the postmaster, if it's running. Stop the server, if it's running.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
@ -853,9 +853,9 @@ SELECT pg_stop_backup();
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Start the postmaster. The postmaster will go into recovery mode and Start the server. The server will go into recovery mode and
proceed to read through the archived WAL files it needs. Upon completion proceed to read through the archived WAL files it needs. Upon completion
of the recovery process, the postmaster will rename of the recovery process, the server will rename
<filename>recovery.conf</> to <filename>recovery.done</> (to prevent <filename>recovery.conf</> to <filename>recovery.done</> (to prevent
accidentally re-entering recovery mode in case of a crash later) and then accidentally re-entering recovery mode in case of a crash later) and then
commence normal database operations. commence normal database operations.
@ -1269,7 +1269,7 @@ mv /usr/local/pgsql /usr/local/pgsql.old
cd ~/postgresql-&version; cd ~/postgresql-&version;
gmake install gmake install
initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data postgres -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
psql -f backup postgres psql -f backup postgres
</programlisting> </programlisting>

10
doc/src/sgml/client-auth.sgml
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/client-auth.sgml,v 1.90 2006/06/16 15:16:16 momjian Exp $ --> <!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/client-auth.sgml,v 1.91 2006/06/18 15:38:35 petere Exp $ -->
<chapter id="client-authentication"> <chapter id="client-authentication">
<title>Client Authentication</title> <title>Client Authentication</title>
@ -436,10 +436,10 @@ hostnossl <replaceable>database</replaceable> <replaceable>user</replaceable>
<para> <para>
The <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> file is read on start-up and when The <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> file is read on start-up and when
the main server process (<command>postmaster</>) receives a the main server process receives a
<systemitem>SIGHUP</systemitem><indexterm><primary>SIGHUP</primary></indexterm> <systemitem>SIGHUP</systemitem><indexterm><primary>SIGHUP</primary></indexterm>
signal. If you edit the file on an signal. If you edit the file on an
active system, you will need to signal the <command>postmaster</> active system, you will need to signal the server
(using <literal>pg_ctl reload</> or <literal>kill -HUP</>) to make it (using <literal>pg_ctl reload</> or <literal>kill -HUP</>) to make it
re-read the file. re-read the file.
</para> </para>
@ -866,10 +866,10 @@ local db1,db2,@demodbs all md5
<para> <para>
The <filename>pg_ident.conf</filename> file is read on start-up and The <filename>pg_ident.conf</filename> file is read on start-up and
when the main server process (<command>postmaster</>) receives a when the main server process receives a
<systemitem>SIGHUP</systemitem><indexterm><primary>SIGHUP</primary></indexterm> <systemitem>SIGHUP</systemitem><indexterm><primary>SIGHUP</primary></indexterm>
signal. If you edit the file on an signal. If you edit the file on an
active system, you will need to signal the <command>postmaster</> active system, you will need to signal the server
(using <literal>pg_ctl reload</> or <literal>kill -HUP</>) to make it (using <literal>pg_ctl reload</> or <literal>kill -HUP</>) to make it
re-read the file. re-read the file.
</para> </para>

28
doc/src/sgml/config.sgml
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml,v 1.64 2006/06/16 12:47:49 momjian Exp $ --> <!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml,v 1.65 2006/06/18 15:38:35 petere Exp $ -->
<chapter Id="runtime-config"> <chapter Id="runtime-config">
<title>Server Configuration</title> <title>Server Configuration</title>
@ -69,10 +69,9 @@ include 'filename'
<indexterm> <indexterm>
<primary>SIGHUP</primary> <primary>SIGHUP</primary>
</indexterm> </indexterm>
The configuration file is reread whenever the The configuration file is reread whenever the main server process receives a
<command>postmaster</command> process receives a
<systemitem>SIGHUP</> signal (which is most easily sent by means <systemitem>SIGHUP</> signal (which is most easily sent by means
of <literal>pg_ctl reload</>). The <command>postmaster</command> of <literal>pg_ctl reload</>). The main server process
also propagates this signal to all currently running server also propagates this signal to all currently running server
processes so that existing sessions also get the new processes so that existing sessions also get the new
value. Alternatively, you can send the signal to a single server value. Alternatively, you can send the signal to a single server
@ -83,9 +82,9 @@ include 'filename'
<para> <para>
A second way to set these configuration parameters is to give them A second way to set these configuration parameters is to give them
as a command line option to the <command>postmaster</command>, such as: as a command-line option to the <command>postgres</command> command, such as:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
postmaster -c log_connections=yes -c log_destination='syslog' postgres -c log_connections=yes -c log_destination='syslog'
</programlisting> </programlisting>
Command-line options override any conflicting settings in Command-line options override any conflicting settings in
<filename>postgresql.conf</filename>. Note that this means you won't <filename>postgresql.conf</filename>. Note that this means you won't
@ -116,7 +115,7 @@ env PGOPTIONS='-c geqo=off' psql
and <xref linkend="sql-alterdatabase" endterm="sql-alterdatabase-title">, and <xref linkend="sql-alterdatabase" endterm="sql-alterdatabase-title">,
respectively, are used to configure these settings. Per-database respectively, are used to configure these settings. Per-database
settings override anything received from the settings override anything received from the
<command>postmaster</command> command-line or the configuration <command>postgres</command> command-line or the configuration
file, and in turn are overridden by per-user settings; both are file, and in turn are overridden by per-user settings; both are
overridden by per-session settings. overridden by per-session settings.
</para> </para>
@ -192,7 +191,7 @@ SET ENABLE_SEQSCAN TO OFF;
<para> <para>
Specifies the main server configuration file Specifies the main server configuration file
(customarily called <filename>postgresql.conf</>). (customarily called <filename>postgresql.conf</>).
This parameter can only be set on the postmaster command line. This parameter can only be set on the postgres command line.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -234,8 +233,7 @@ SET ENABLE_SEQSCAN TO OFF;
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Specifies the name of an additional process-id (PID) file that the Specifies the name of an additional process-id (PID) file that the
<application>postmaster</> should create for use by server server should create for use by server administration programs.
administration programs.
This parameter can only be set at server start. This parameter can only be set at server start.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
@ -252,7 +250,7 @@ SET ENABLE_SEQSCAN TO OFF;
<para> <para>
If you wish to keep the configuration files elsewhere than the If you wish to keep the configuration files elsewhere than the
data directory, the postmaster's <option>-D</option> data directory, the postgres <option>-D</option>
command-line option or <envar>PGDATA</envar> environment variable command-line option or <envar>PGDATA</envar> environment variable
must point to the directory containing the configuration files, must point to the directory containing the configuration files,
and the <varname>data_directory</> parameter must be set in and the <varname>data_directory</> parameter must be set in
@ -269,7 +267,7 @@ SET ENABLE_SEQSCAN TO OFF;
individually using the parameters <varname>config_file</>, individually using the parameters <varname>config_file</>,
<varname>hba_file</> and/or <varname>ident_file</>. <varname>hba_file</> and/or <varname>ident_file</>.
<varname>config_file</> can only be specified on the <varname>config_file</> can only be specified on the
<command>postmaster</command> command line, but the others can be <command>postgres</command> command line, but the others can be
set within the main configuration file. If all three parameters plus set within the main configuration file. If all three parameters plus
<varname>data_directory</> are explicitly set, then it is not necessary <varname>data_directory</> are explicitly set, then it is not necessary
to specify <option>-D</option> or <envar>PGDATA</envar>. to specify <option>-D</option> or <envar>PGDATA</envar>.
@ -277,7 +275,7 @@ SET ENABLE_SEQSCAN TO OFF;
<para> <para>
When setting any of these parameters, a relative path will be interpreted When setting any of these parameters, a relative path will be interpreted
with respect to the directory in which the <command>postmaster</command> with respect to the directory in which <command>postgres</command>
is started. is started.
</para> </para>
</sect1> </sect1>
@ -2679,7 +2677,7 @@ SELECT * FROM parent WHERE key = 2400;
below - anything else that looks like an escape is ignored. Other below - anything else that looks like an escape is ignored. Other
characters are copied straight to the log line. Some escapes are characters are copied straight to the log line. Some escapes are
only recognized by session processes, and do not apply to only recognized by session processes, and do not apply to
background processes such as the postmaster. <application>Syslog</> background processes such as the main server process. <application>Syslog</>
produces its own produces its own
time stamp and process ID information, so you probably do not want to time stamp and process ID information, so you probably do not want to
use those escapes if you are using <application>syslog</>. use those escapes if you are using <application>syslog</>.
@ -3467,7 +3465,7 @@ SELECT * FROM parent WHERE key = 2400;
<para> <para>
Only superusers can change this setting, because it affects the Only superusers can change this setting, because it affects the
messages sent to the postmaster log as well as to the client. messages sent to the server log as well as to the client.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>

4
doc/src/sgml/datatype.sgml
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/datatype.sgml,v 1.167 2006/04/23 03:39:49 momjian Exp $ --> <!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/datatype.sgml,v 1.168 2006/06/18 15:38:35 petere Exp $ -->
<chapter id="datatype"> <chapter id="datatype">
<title id="datatype-title">Data Types</title> <title id="datatype-title">Data Types</title>
@ -2153,7 +2153,7 @@ January 8 04:05:06 1999 PST
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
If <varname>timezone</> is not specified in If <varname>timezone</> is not specified in
<filename>postgresql.conf</> nor as a postmaster command-line switch, <filename>postgresql.conf</> nor as a server command-line option,
the server attempts to use the value of the <envar>TZ</envar> the server attempts to use the value of the <envar>TZ</envar>
environment variable as the default time zone. If <envar>TZ</envar> environment variable as the default time zone. If <envar>TZ</envar>
is not defined or is not any of the time zone names known to is not defined or is not any of the time zone names known to

8
doc/src/sgml/func.sgml
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/func.sgml,v 1.321 2006/06/15 17:52:48 momjian Exp $ --> <!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/func.sgml,v 1.322 2006/06/18 15:38:35 petere Exp $ -->
<chapter id="functions"> <chapter id="functions">
<title>Functions and Operators</title> <title>Functions and Operators</title>
@ -8935,7 +8935,7 @@ select current_date + s.a as dates from generate_series(0,14,7) as s(a);
<row> <row>
<entry><literal><function>pg_postmaster_start_time</function>()</literal></entry> <entry><literal><function>pg_postmaster_start_time</function>()</literal></entry>
<entry><type>timestamp with time zone</type></entry> <entry><type>timestamp with time zone</type></entry>
<entry><command>postmaster</> start time</entry> <entry>server start time</entry>
</row> </row>
<row> <row>
@ -9044,7 +9044,7 @@ SET search_path TO <replaceable>schema</> <optional>, <replaceable>schema</>, ..
<para> <para>
<function>pg_postmaster_start_time</function> returns the <function>pg_postmaster_start_time</function> returns the
<type>timestamp with time zone</type> when the <type>timestamp with time zone</type> when the
<command>postmaster</> started. server started.
</para> </para>
<indexterm zone="functions-info"> <indexterm zone="functions-info">
@ -9850,7 +9850,7 @@ SELECT set_config('log_statement_stats', 'off', false);
<para> <para>
<function>pg_reload_conf</> sends a <systemitem>SIGHUP</> signal <function>pg_reload_conf</> sends a <systemitem>SIGHUP</> signal
to the <application>postmaster</>, causing the configuration files to the server, causing the configuration files
to be reloaded by all server processes. to be reloaded by all server processes.
</para> </para>

16
doc/src/sgml/installation.sgml
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/installation.sgml,v 1.257 2006/06/16 15:16:16 momjian Exp $ --> <!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/installation.sgml,v 1.258 2006/06/18 15:38:35 petere Exp $ -->
<chapter id="installation"> <chapter id="installation">
<title><![%standalone-include[<productname>PostgreSQL</>]]> <title><![%standalone-include[<productname>PostgreSQL</>]]>
@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ mkdir /usr/local/pgsql/data
chown postgres /usr/local/pgsql/data chown postgres /usr/local/pgsql/data
su - postgres su - postgres
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data /usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data &gt;logfile 2&gt;&amp;1 &amp; /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postgres -D /usr/local/pgsql/data &gt;logfile 2&gt;&amp;1 &amp;
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/createdb test /usr/local/pgsql/bin/createdb test
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/psql test /usr/local/pgsql/bin/psql test
</synopsis> </synopsis>
@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ su - postgres
(which you already have if you are upgrading). (which you already have if you are upgrading).
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<userinput>/usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data</> <userinput>/usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data</>
<userinput>/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data</> <userinput>/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postgres -D /usr/local/pgsql/data</>
</programlisting> </programlisting>
Finally, restore your data with Finally, restore your data with
<screen> <screen>
@ -1638,12 +1638,12 @@ postgres$ <userinput>/usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data</>
database server. Do so now. The command should look something database server. Do so now. The command should look something
like like
<programlisting> <programlisting>
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postgres -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
</programlisting> </programlisting>
This will start the server in the foreground. To put the server This will start the server in the foreground. To put the server
in the background use something like in the background use something like
<programlisting> <programlisting>
nohup /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data \ nohup /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postgres -D /usr/local/pgsql/data \
&lt;/dev/null &gt;&gt;server.log 2&gt;&amp;1 &lt;/dev/null &amp; &lt;/dev/null &gt;&gt;server.log 2&gt;&amp;1 &lt;/dev/null &amp;
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</para> </para>
@ -1654,12 +1654,6 @@ nohup /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data \
kill `cat /usr/local/pgsql/data/postmaster.pid` kill `cat /usr/local/pgsql/data/postmaster.pid`
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</para> </para>
<para>
In order to allow TCP/IP connections (rather than only Unix
domain socket ones) you need to pass the <option>-i</> option to
<filename>postmaster</>.
</para>
</step> </step>
<step> <step>

18
doc/src/sgml/maintenance.sgml
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/maintenance.sgml,v 1.55 2006/04/23 03:39:52 momjian Exp $ --> <!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/maintenance.sgml,v 1.56 2006/06/18 15:38:35 petere Exp $ -->
<chapter id="maintenance"> <chapter id="maintenance">
<title>Routine Database Maintenance Tasks</title> <title>Routine Database Maintenance Tasks</title>
@ -403,10 +403,10 @@ HINT: Stop the postmaster and use a standalone backend to VACUUM in "mydb".
administrator recover without data loss, by manually executing the administrator recover without data loss, by manually executing the
required <command>VACUUM</> commands. However, since the system will not required <command>VACUUM</> commands. However, since the system will not
execute commands once it has gone into the safety shutdown mode, execute commands once it has gone into the safety shutdown mode,
the only way to do this is to stop the postmaster and use a standalone the only way to do this is to stop the server and use a single-user
backend to execute <command>VACUUM</>. The shutdown mode is not enforced backend to execute <command>VACUUM</>. The shutdown mode is not enforced
by a standalone backend. See the <xref linkend="app-postgres"> reference by a single-user backend. See the <xref linkend="app-postgres"> reference
page for details about using a standalone backend. page for details about using a single-user backend.
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
@ -628,17 +628,17 @@ analyze threshold = analyze base threshold + analyze scale factor * number of tu
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
If you simply direct the <systemitem>stderr</> of the If you simply direct the <systemitem>stderr</> of
<command>postmaster</command> into a <command>postgres</command> into a
file, you will have log output, but file, you will have log output, but
the only way to truncate the log file is to stop and restart the only way to truncate the log file is to stop and restart
the <command>postmaster</command>. This may be OK if you are using the server. This may be OK if you are using
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> in a development environment, <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> in a development environment,
but few production servers would find this behavior acceptable. but few production servers would find this behavior acceptable.
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
A better approach is to send the <command>postmaster</>'s A better approach is to send the server's
<systemitem>stderr</> output to some type of log rotation program. <systemitem>stderr</> output to some type of log rotation program.
There is a built-in log rotation program, which you can use by There is a built-in log rotation program, which you can use by
setting the configuration parameter <literal>redirect_stderr</> to setting the configuration parameter <literal>redirect_stderr</> to
@ -653,7 +653,7 @@ analyze threshold = analyze base threshold + analyze scale factor * number of tu
server software. For example, the <application>rotatelogs</application> server software. For example, the <application>rotatelogs</application>
tool included in the <productname>Apache</productname> distribution tool included in the <productname>Apache</productname> distribution
can be used with <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>. To do this, can be used with <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>. To do this,
just pipe the <command>postmaster</>'s just pipe the server's
<systemitem>stderr</> output to the desired program. <systemitem>stderr</> output to the desired program.
If you start the server with If you start the server with
<command>pg_ctl</>, then <systemitem>stderr</> <command>pg_ctl</>, then <systemitem>stderr</>

6
doc/src/sgml/manage-ag.sgml
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/manage-ag.sgml,v 2.46 2006/05/04 16:07:28 tgl Exp $ --> <!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/manage-ag.sgml,v 2.47 2006/06/18 15:38:35 petere Exp $ -->
<chapter id="managing-databases"> <chapter id="managing-databases">
<title>Managing Databases</title> <title>Managing Databases</title>
@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ SELECT datname FROM pg_database;
<para> <para>
In order to create a database, the <productname>PostgreSQL</> In order to create a database, the <productname>PostgreSQL</>
server must be up and running (see <xref server must be up and running (see <xref
linkend="postmaster-start">). linkend="server-start">).
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ SELECT spcname FROM pg_tablespace;
point to each of the non-built-in tablespaces defined in the cluster. point to each of the non-built-in tablespaces defined in the cluster.
Although not recommended, it is possible to adjust the tablespace Although not recommended, it is possible to adjust the tablespace
layout by hand by redefining these links. Two warnings: do not do so layout by hand by redefining these links. Two warnings: do not do so
while the postmaster is running; and after you restart the postmaster, while the server is running; and after you restart the server,
update the <structname>pg_tablespace</> catalog to show the new update the <structname>pg_tablespace</> catalog to show the new
locations. (If you do not, <literal>pg_dump</> will continue to show locations. (If you do not, <literal>pg_dump</> will continue to show
the old tablespace locations.) the old tablespace locations.)

10
doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml,v 1.32 2006/05/19 19:08:26 alvherre Exp $ --> <!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml,v 1.33 2006/06/18 15:38:35 petere Exp $ -->
<chapter id="monitoring"> <chapter id="monitoring">
<title>Monitoring Database Activity</title> <title>Monitoring Database Activity</title>
@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
<screen> <screen>
$ ps auxww | grep ^postgres $ ps auxww | grep ^postgres
postgres 960 0.0 1.1 6104 1480 pts/1 SN 13:17 0:00 postmaster -i postgres 960 0.0 1.1 6104 1480 pts/1 SN 13:17 0:00 postgres -i
postgres 963 0.0 1.1 7084 1472 pts/1 SN 13:17 0:00 postgres: stats buffer process postgres 963 0.0 1.1 7084 1472 pts/1 SN 13:17 0:00 postgres: stats buffer process
postgres 965 0.0 1.1 6152 1512 pts/1 SN 13:17 0:00 postgres: stats collector process postgres 965 0.0 1.1 6152 1512 pts/1 SN 13:17 0:00 postgres: stats collector process
postgres 998 0.0 2.3 6532 2992 pts/1 SN 13:18 0:00 postgres: tgl runbug 127.0.0.1 idle postgres 998 0.0 2.3 6532 2992 pts/1 SN 13:18 0:00 postgres: tgl runbug 127.0.0.1 idle
@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ postgres 1016 0.1 2.4 6532 3080 pts/1 SN 13:19 0:00 postgres: tgl reg
(The appropriate invocation of <command>ps</> varies across different (The appropriate invocation of <command>ps</> varies across different
platforms, as do the details of what is shown. This example is from a platforms, as do the details of what is shown. This example is from a
recent Linux system.) The first process listed here is the recent Linux system.) The first process listed here is the
<application>postmaster</>, the master server process. The command arguments the master server process. The command arguments
shown for it are the same ones given when it was launched. The next two shown for it are the same ones given when it was launched. The next two
processes implement the statistics collector, which will be described in processes implement the statistics collector, which will be described in
detail in the next section. (These will not be present if you have set detail in the next section. (These will not be present if you have set
@ -89,10 +89,10 @@ postgres: <replaceable>user</> <replaceable>database</> <replaceable>host</> <re
use <command>/usr/ucb/ps</command>, rather than use <command>/usr/ucb/ps</command>, rather than
<command>/bin/ps</command>. You also must use two <option>w</option> <command>/bin/ps</command>. You also must use two <option>w</option>
flags, not just one. In addition, your original invocation of the flags, not just one. In addition, your original invocation of the
<command>postmaster</command> command must have a shorter <command>postgres</command> command must have a shorter
<command>ps</command> status display than that provided by each <command>ps</command> status display than that provided by each
server process. If you fail to do all three things, the <command>ps</> server process. If you fail to do all three things, the <command>ps</>
output for each server process will be the original <command>postmaster</> output for each server process will be the original <command>postgres</>
command line. command line.
</para> </para>
</tip> </tip>

6
doc/src/sgml/problems.sgml
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/problems.sgml,v 2.25 2006/03/10 19:10:48 momjian Exp $ --> <!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/problems.sgml,v 2.26 2006/06/18 15:38:36 petere Exp $ -->
<sect1 id="bug-reporting"> <sect1 id="bug-reporting">
<title>Bug Reporting Guidelines</title> <title>Bug Reporting Guidelines</title>
@ -223,7 +223,7 @@
<literal>SELECT version();</literal> to <literal>SELECT version();</literal> to
find out the version of the server you are connected to. Most executable find out the version of the server you are connected to. Most executable
programs also support a <option>--version</option> option; at least programs also support a <option>--version</option> option; at least
<literal>postmaster --version</literal> and <literal>psql --version</literal> <literal>postgres --version</literal> and <literal>psql --version</literal>
should work. should work.
If the function or the options do not exist then your version is If the function or the options do not exist then your version is
more than old enough to warrant an upgrade. more than old enough to warrant an upgrade.
@ -283,7 +283,7 @@
are specifically talking about the backend server, mention that, do not are specifically talking about the backend server, mention that, do not
just say <quote>PostgreSQL crashes</quote>. A crash of a single just say <quote>PostgreSQL crashes</quote>. A crash of a single
backend server process is quite different from crash of the parent backend server process is quite different from crash of the parent
<quote>postmaster</> process; please don't say <quote>the postmaster <quote>postgres</> process; please don't say <quote>the server
crashed</> when you mean a single backend process went down, nor vice versa. crashed</> when you mean a single backend process went down, nor vice versa.
Also, client programs such as the interactive frontend <quote><application>psql</application></quote> Also, client programs such as the interactive frontend <quote><application>psql</application></quote>
are completely separate from the backend. Please try to be specific are completely separate from the backend. Please try to be specific

4
doc/src/sgml/protocol.sgml
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/protocol.sgml,v 1.64 2006/03/03 19:54:09 tgl Exp $ --> <!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/protocol.sgml,v 1.65 2006/06/18 15:38:36 petere Exp $ -->
<chapter id="protocol"> <chapter id="protocol">
<title>Frontend/Backend Protocol</title> <title>Frontend/Backend Protocol</title>
@ -1044,7 +1044,7 @@
this case is effectively synchronous &mdash; but it is also possible this case is effectively synchronous &mdash; but it is also possible
for parameter status changes to occur because the administrator for parameter status changes to occur because the administrator
changed a configuration file and then sent the changed a configuration file and then sent the
<systemitem>SIGHUP</systemitem> signal to the postmaster. Also, <systemitem>SIGHUP</systemitem> signal to the server. Also,
if a <command>SET</command> command is rolled back, an appropriate if a <command>SET</command> command is rolled back, an appropriate
ParameterStatus message will be generated to report the current ParameterStatus message will be generated to report the current
effective value. effective value.

4
doc/src/sgml/ref/alter_database.sgml
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@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
<!-- <!--
$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/alter_database.sgml,v 1.17 2005/10/13 22:44:51 tgl Exp $ $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/alter_database.sgml,v 1.18 2006/06/18 15:38:36 petere Exp $
PostgreSQL documentation PostgreSQL documentation
--> -->
@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ ALTER DATABASE <replaceable class="PARAMETER">name</replaceable> OWNER TO <repla
database, the specified value becomes the session default value. database, the specified value becomes the session default value.
The database-specific default overrides whatever setting is present The database-specific default overrides whatever setting is present
in <filename>postgresql.conf</> or has been received from the in <filename>postgresql.conf</> or has been received from the
<command>postmaster</command> command line. Only the database <command>postgres</command> command line. Only the database
owner or a superuser can change the session defaults for a owner or a superuser can change the session defaults for a
database. Certain variables cannot be set this way, or can only be database. Certain variables cannot be set this way, or can only be
set by a superuser. set by a superuser.

4
doc/src/sgml/ref/alter_role.sgml
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@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
<!-- <!--
$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/alter_role.sgml,v 1.5 2006/04/25 14:56:04 momjian Exp $ $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/alter_role.sgml,v 1.6 2006/06/18 15:38:36 petere Exp $
PostgreSQL documentation PostgreSQL documentation
--> -->
@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ ALTER ROLE <replaceable class="PARAMETER">name</replaceable> RESET <replaceable>
a specified configuration variable. Whenever the role subsequently a specified configuration variable. Whenever the role subsequently
starts a new session, the specified value becomes the session default, starts a new session, the specified value becomes the session default,
overriding whatever setting is present in <filename>postgresql.conf</> overriding whatever setting is present in <filename>postgresql.conf</>
or has been received from the <command>postmaster</command> command line. or has been received from the <command>postgres</command> command line.
(For a role without <literal>LOGIN</> privilege, session defaults have (For a role without <literal>LOGIN</> privilege, session defaults have
no effect.) no effect.)
Ordinary roles can change their own session defaults. Ordinary roles can change their own session defaults.

5
doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml
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@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
<!-- <!--
$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml,v 1.35 2005/06/21 04:02:31 tgl Exp $ $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml,v 1.36 2006/06/18 15:38:36 petere Exp $
PostgreSQL documentation PostgreSQL documentation
--> -->
@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<command>initdb</command>, but you can avoid writing it by <command>initdb</command>, but you can avoid writing it by
setting the <envar>PGDATA</envar> environment variable, which setting the <envar>PGDATA</envar> environment variable, which
can be convenient since the database server can be convenient since the database server
(<command>postmaster</command>) can find the database (<command>postgres</command>) can find the database
directory later by the same variable. directory later by the same variable.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
@ -287,7 +287,6 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<simplelist type="inline"> <simplelist type="inline">
<member><xref linkend="app-postgres"></member> <member><xref linkend="app-postgres"></member>
<member><xref linkend="app-postmaster"></member>
</simplelist> </simplelist>
</refsect1> </refsect1>

6
doc/src/sgml/ref/ipcclean.sgml
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@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
<!-- <!--
$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/ipcclean.sgml,v 1.11 2005/01/04 03:58:16 tgl Exp $ $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/ipcclean.sgml,v 1.12 2006/06/18 15:38:36 petere Exp $
PostgreSQL documentation PostgreSQL documentation
--> -->
@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
semaphore sets owned by the current user. It is intended to be semaphore sets owned by the current user. It is intended to be
used for cleaning up after a crashed used for cleaning up after a crashed
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> server (<xref <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> server (<xref
linkend="app-postmaster">). Note that immediately restarting the linkend="app-postgres">). Note that immediately restarting the
server will also clean up shared memory and semaphores, so this server will also clean up shared memory and semaphores, so this
command is of little real utility. command is of little real utility.
</para> </para>
@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<para> <para>
This script is a hack, but in the many years since it was written, This script is a hack, but in the many years since it was written,
no one has come up with an equally effective and portable solution. no one has come up with an equally effective and portable solution.
Since the <command>postmaster</command> can now clean up by Since <command>postgres</command> can now clean up by
itself, it is unlikely that <command>ipcclean</command> will be itself, it is unlikely that <command>ipcclean</command> will be
improved upon in the future. improved upon in the future.
</para> </para>

32
doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_ctl-ref.sgml
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@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
<!-- <!--
$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_ctl-ref.sgml,v 1.32 2005/11/04 23:14:02 petere Exp $ $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_ctl-ref.sgml,v 1.33 2006/06/18 15:38:36 petere Exp $
PostgreSQL documentation PostgreSQL documentation
--> -->
@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<para> <para>
<application>pg_ctl</application> is a utility for starting, <application>pg_ctl</application> is a utility for starting,
stopping, or restarting the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> stopping, or restarting the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
backend server (<xref linkend="app-postmaster">), or displaying the backend server (<xref linkend="app-postgres">), or displaying the
status of a running server. Although the server can be started status of a running server. Although the server can be started
manually, <application>pg_ctl</application> encapsulates tasks such manually, <application>pg_ctl</application> encapsulates tasks such
as redirecting log output and properly detaching from the terminal as redirecting log output and properly detaching from the terminal
@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
standard output (not standard error). If no log file is chosen, the standard output (not standard error). If no log file is chosen, the
standard output of <application>pg_ctl</application> should be redirected standard output of <application>pg_ctl</application> should be redirected
to a file or piped to another process such as a log rotating program to a file or piped to another process such as a log rotating program
like <application>rotatelogs</>; otherwise the <command>postmaster</command> like <application>rotatelogs</>; otherwise <command>postgres</command>
will write its output to the controlling terminal (from the background) will write its output to the controlling terminal (from the background)
and will not leave the shell's process group. and will not leave the shell's process group.
</para> </para>
@ -129,13 +129,13 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<para> <para>
<option>restart</option> mode effectively executes a stop followed <option>restart</option> mode effectively executes a stop followed
by a start. This allows changing the <command>postmaster</command> by a start. This allows changing the <command>postgres</command>
command-line options. command-line options.
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
<option>reload</option> mode simply sends the <option>reload</option> mode simply sends the
<command>postmaster</command> process a <systemitem>SIGHUP</> <command>postgres</command> process a <systemitem>SIGHUP</>
signal, causing it to reread its configuration files signal, causing it to reread its configuration files
(<filename>postgresql.conf</filename>, (<filename>postgresql.conf</filename>,
<filename>pg_hba.conf</filename>, etc.). This allows changing of <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename>, etc.). This allows changing of
@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Specifies options to be passed directly to the Specifies options to be passed directly to the
<command>postmaster</command> command. <command>postgres</command> command.
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
The options are usually surrounded by single or double The options are usually surrounded by single or double
@ -228,12 +228,12 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<term><option>-p <replaceable class="parameter">path</replaceable></option></term> <term><option>-p <replaceable class="parameter">path</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Specifies the location of the <filename>postmaster</filename> Specifies the location of the <filename>postgres</filename>
executable. By default the <filename>postmaster</filename> executable is taken from the same executable. By default the <filename>postgres</filename> executable is taken from the same
directory as <command>pg_ctl</command>, or failing that, the hard-wired directory as <command>pg_ctl</command>, or failing that, the hard-wired
installation directory. It is not necessary to use this installation directory. It is not necessary to use this
option unless you are doing something unusual and get errors option unless you are doing something unusual and get errors
that the <filename>postmaster</filename> executable was not found. that the <filename>postgres</filename> executable was not found.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
</variablelist> </variablelist>
<para> <para>
For others, see <xref linkend="app-postmaster">. For others, see <xref linkend="app-postgres">.
</para> </para>
</refsect1> </refsect1>
@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
If this file exists in the data directory, If this file exists in the data directory,
<application>pg_ctl</application> (in <option>start</option> <application>pg_ctl</application> (in <option>start</option>
mode) will pass the contents of the file as options to the mode) will pass the contents of the file as options to the
<command>postmaster</command> command, unless overridden by the <command>postgres</command> command, unless overridden by the
<option>-o</option> option. <option>-o</option> option.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
@ -385,8 +385,8 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>If this file exists in the data directory, <para>If this file exists in the data directory,
<application>pg_ctl</application> (in <option>restart</option> mode) <application>pg_ctl</application> (in <option>restart</option> mode)
will pass the contents of the file as options to the will pass the contents of the file as options to
<application>postmaster</application>, unless overridden <application>postgres</application>, unless overridden
by the <option>-o</option> option. The contents of this file by the <option>-o</option> option. The contents of this file
are also displayed in <option>status</option> mode. are also displayed in <option>status</option> mode.
</para> </para>
@ -500,9 +500,9 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<screen> <screen>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_ctl status</userinput> <prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_ctl status</userinput>
<computeroutput> <computeroutput>
pg_ctl: postmaster is running (pid: 13718) pg_ctl: server is running (pid: 13718)
Command line was: Command line was:
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster '-D' '/usr/local/pgsql/data' '-p' '5433' '-B' '128' /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postgres '-D' '/usr/local/pgsql/data' '-p' '5433' '-B' '128'
</computeroutput> </computeroutput>
</screen> </screen>
This is the command line that would be invoked in restart mode. This is the command line that would be invoked in restart mode.
@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ Command line was:
<title>See Also</title> <title>See Also</title>
<para> <para>
<xref linkend="app-postmaster"> <xref linkend="app-postgres">
</para> </para>
</refsect1> </refsect1>

5
doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_resetxlog.sgml
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@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
<!-- <!--
$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_resetxlog.sgml,v 1.15 2006/06/03 02:19:24 momjian Exp $ $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_resetxlog.sgml,v 1.16 2006/06/18 15:38:36 petere Exp $
PostgreSQL documentation PostgreSQL documentation
--> -->
@ -168,8 +168,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
server crashed then a lock file may have been left server crashed then a lock file may have been left
behind; in that case you can remove the lock file to allow behind; in that case you can remove the lock file to allow
<command>pg_resetxlog</command> to run. But before you do <command>pg_resetxlog</command> to run. But before you do
so, make doubly certain that there so, make doubly certain that there is no server process still alive.
is no <command>postmaster</command> nor any backend server process still alive.
</para> </para>
</refsect1> </refsect1>

775
doc/src/sgml/ref/postgres-ref.sgml
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@ -1,29 +1,28 @@
<!-- <!--
$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/postgres-ref.sgml,v 1.46 2006/01/05 10:07:44 petere Exp $ $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/postgres-ref.sgml,v 1.47 2006/06/18 15:38:36 petere Exp $
PostgreSQL documentation PostgreSQL documentation
--> -->
<refentry id="APP-POSTGRES"> <refentry id="app-postgres">
<refmeta> <refmeta>
<refentrytitle id="APP-POSTGRES-TITLE"><application>postgres</application></refentrytitle> <refentrytitle><application>postgres</application></refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>1</manvolnum> <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
<refmiscinfo>Application</refmiscinfo> <refmiscinfo>Application</refmiscinfo>
</refmeta> </refmeta>
<refnamediv> <refnamediv>
<refname>postgres</refname> <refname>postgres</refname>
<refpurpose>run a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> server in single-user mode</refpurpose> <refpurpose><productname>PostgreSQL</productname> database server</refpurpose>
</refnamediv> </refnamediv>
<indexterm zone="app-postgres"> <indexterm zone="app-postgres">
<primary>postgres (the program)</primary> <primary>postgres</primary>
</indexterm> </indexterm>
<refsynopsisdiv> <refsynopsisdiv>
<cmdsynopsis> <cmdsynopsis>
<command>postgres</command> <command>postgres</command>
<arg rep="repeat"><replaceable>option</></arg> <arg rep="repeat"><replaceable>option</></arg>
<arg choice="plain"><replaceable>database</replaceable></arg>
</cmdsynopsis> </cmdsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv> </refsynopsisdiv>
@ -31,123 +30,337 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<title>Description</title> <title>Description</title>
<para> <para>
The <command>postgres</command> executable is the actual <command>postgres</command> is the
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> server process that processes <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> database server. In order
SQL statements. It is normally not called directly; instead a for a client application to access a database it connects (over a
<xref linkend="app-postmaster"> multiuser server is started. network or locally) to a running <command>postgres</command> process.
Conceptually, the <command>postmaster</command> starts a new The <command>postgres</command> instance then starts a separate server
<command>postgres</command> process for each connection. process to handle the connection.
(<filename>postmaster</filename> and <filename>postgres</filename>
are in fact the same program, and on most platforms the connection
process is forked).
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
If the <command>postgres</command> command is called directly, it One <command>postgres</command> instance always manages the data from
invokes the server in interactive single-user mode. The primary exactly one database cluster. A database cluster is a collection
use for this mode is during bootstrapping by <xref of databases that is stored at a common file system location (the
linkend="app-initdb">. Sometimes it is used for debugging or <quote>data area</quote>). More than one
disaster recovery. <command>postgres</command> process can run on a system at one
When invoked in interactive mode from the shell, the user can enter time, so long as they use different data areas and different
queries and the results will be printed to the screen, but in a communication ports (see below). When
form that is more useful for developers than end users. But note <command>postgres</command> starts it needs to know the location
that running a single-user server is not truly suitable for of the data area. The location must be specified by the
debugging the server since no realistic interprocess communication <option>-D</option> option or the <envar>PGDATA</envar> environment
and locking will happen. variable; there is no default. Typically, <option>-D</option> or
<envar>PGDATA</envar> points directly to the data area directory
created by <application>initdb</>. Other possible file layouts are
discussed in <xref linkend="runtime-config-file-locations">. A
data area is created with <xref linkend="app-initdb">.
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
When running a stand-alone server, the session user will be set to By default <command>postgres</command> starts in the
the user with ID 1. This user does not actually have to exist, so foreground and prints log messages to the standard error stream. In
a stand-alone server can be used to manually recover from certain practical applications the <command>postgres</command>
should be started as a background process, perhaps at boot time.
</para>
<para>
The <command>postgres</command> command can also be called in
single-user mode. The primary use for this mode is during
bootstrapping by <xref linkend="app-initdb">. Sometimes it is used
for debugging or disaster recovery. When invoked in interactive
mode from the shell, the user can enter queries and the results
will be printed to the screen, but in a form that is more useful
for developers than end users. But note that running a single-user
server is not truly suitable for debugging the server since no
realistic interprocess communication and locking will happen. When
running a stand-alone server, the session user will be set to the
user with ID 1. This user does not actually have to exist, so a
stand-alone server can be used to manually recover from certain
kinds of accidental damage to the system catalogs. Implicit kinds of accidental damage to the system catalogs. Implicit
superuser powers are granted to the user with ID 1 in stand-alone superuser powers are granted to the user with ID 1 in single-user
mode. mode.
</para> </para>
</refsect1> </refsect1>
<refsect1> <refsect1 id="app-postgres-options">
<title>Options</title> <title>Options</title>
<para> <para>
When <command>postgres</command> is started by a <xref <command>postgres</command> accepts the following command-line
linkend="app-postmaster"> then it inherits all options set by the arguments. For a detailed discussion of the options consult <xref
latter. In single-user mode, <command>postgres</command> accepts linkend="runtime-config">. You can save typing most of these
all the options that <command>postmaster</command> would accept. options by setting up a configuration file. Some (safe) options
</para> can also be set from the connecting client in an
application-dependent way to apply only for that session. For
<para> example, if the environment variable <envar>PGOPTIONS</envar> is
You can avoid having to type these options by setting up a set, then <application>libpq</>-based clients will pass that
configuration file. See <xref linkend="runtime-config"> for details. Some string to the server, which will interpret it as
(safe) options can also be set from the connecting client in an
application-dependent way. For example, if the environment
variable <envar>PGOPTIONS</envar> is set, then
<application>libpq</>-based clients will pass that string to the
server, which will interpret it as
<command>postgres</command> command-line options. <command>postgres</command> command-line options.
</para> </para>
<refsect2> <refsect2>
<title>General Purpose</title> <title>General Purpose</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-A 0|1</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Enables run-time assertion checks, which is a debugging aid to
detect programming mistakes. This option is only available if
assertions were enabled when <productname>PostgreSQL</> was
compiled. If so, the default is on.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<para> <varlistentry>
The options <option>-A</option>, <option>-B</option>, <term><option>-B <replaceable class="parameter">nbuffers</replaceable></option></term>
<option>-c</option>, <option>-d</option>, <option>-D</option>, <listitem>
<option>-e</option>, <option>-F</option>, <option>-s</option>, <para>
<option>-S</option>, and <option>--<replaceable>name</></option> Sets the number of shared buffers for use by the server
have the same meanings as with the <xref linkend="app-postmaster"> processes. The default value of this parameter is chosen
except that <literal>-d 0</> prevents the server log level of the automatically by <application>initdb</application>; refer to <xref
<command>postmaster</> from being propagated to linkend="runtime-config-resource-memory"> for more information.
<command>postgres</>. Other <command>postmaster</command> </para>
options are also accepted but will have no noticeable effect </listitem>
because they only apply to the multiuser server mode, namely </varlistentry>
<option>-h</option>, <option>-i</option>, <option>-k</option>,
<option>-l</option>, and <option>-n</option>.
</para>
</refsect2>
<refsect2> <varlistentry>
<title>Options for stand-alone mode</title> <term><option>-c <replaceable>name</replaceable>=<replaceable>value</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Sets a named run-time parameter. The configuration parameters
supported by <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> are
described in <xref linkend="runtime-config">. Most of the
other command line options are in fact short forms of such a
parameter assignment. <option>-c</> can appear multiple times
to set multiple parameters.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry> <varlistentry>
<term><replaceable class="parameter">database</replaceable></term> <term><option>-d <replaceable>debug-level</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Specifies the name of the database to be accessed. If it is Sets the debug level. The higher this value is set, the more
omitted it defaults to the user name. debugging output is written to the server log. Values are
from 1 to 5. It is also possible to pass <literal>-d
0</literal> for a specific session, which will prevent the
server log level of the <command>postgres</> from being
propagated to this session.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <varlistentry>
<term><option>-E</option></term> <term><option>-D <replaceable class="parameter">datadir</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Echo all commands. Specifies the file system location of the data directory or
configuration file(s). See
<xref linkend="runtime-config-file-locations"> for details.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <varlistentry>
<term><option>-j</option></term> <term><option>-e</option></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Disables use of newline as a statement delimiter. Sets the default date style to <quote>European</quote>, that is
<literal>DMY</> ordering of input date fields. This also causes
the day to be printed before the month in certain date output formats.
See <xref linkend="datatype-datetime"> for more information.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <varlistentry>
<term><option>-r</option> <replaceable class="parameter">filename</replaceable></term> <term><option>-F</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Disables <function>fsync</function> calls for improved
performance, at the risk of data corruption in the event of a
system crash. Specifying this option is equivalent to
disabling the <xref linkend="guc-fsync"> configuration
parameter. Read the detailed documentation before using this!
</para>
<para>
<option>--fsync=true</option> has the opposite effect
of this option.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-h <replaceable class="parameter">hostname</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Specifies the IP host name or address on which
<command>postgres</command> is to listen for TCP/IP
connections from client applications. The value can also be a
comma-separated list of addresses, or <literal>*</> to specify
listening on all available interfaces. An empty value
specifies not listening on any IP addresses, in which case
only Unix-domain sockets can be used to connect to the
<command>postgres</command>. Defaults to listening only on
<systemitem class="systemname">localhost</systemitem>.
Specifying this option is equivalent to setting the <xref
linkend="guc-listen-addresses"> configuration parameter.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-i</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Allows remote clients to connect via TCP/IP (Internet domain)
connections. Without this option, only local connections are
accepted. This option is equivalent to setting
<varname>listen_addresses</> to <literal>*</> in
<filename>postgresql.conf</> or via <option>-h</>.
</para>
<para>
This option is deprecated since it does not allow access to the
full functionality of <xref linkend="guc-listen-addresses">.
It's usually better to set <varname>listen_addresses</> directly.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-k <replaceable class="parameter">directory</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Specifies the directory of the Unix-domain socket on which
<command>postgres</command> is to listen for
connections from client applications. The default is normally
<filename>/tmp</filename>, but can be changed at build time.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-l</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Enables secure connections using <acronym>SSL</acronym>.
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> must have been compiled with
support for <acronym>SSL</acronym> for this option to be
available. For more information on using <acronym>SSL</acronym>,
refer to <xref linkend="ssl-tcp">.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-N <replaceable class="parameter">max-connections</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Send all server log output to Sets the maximum number of client connections that this
<replaceable class="parameter">filename</replaceable>. <command>postgres</command> will accept. By
If <command>postgres</command> is running under the default, this value is 32, but it can be set as high as your
<command>postmaster</command>, this option is ignored, system will support. (Note that
and the <systemitem>stderr</> inherited from the <option>-B</option> is required to be at least twice
<command>postmaster</command> is used. <option>-N</option>. See <xref linkend="kernel-resources"> for a discussion of
system resource requirements for large numbers of client
connections.) Specifying this option is equivalent to setting the
<xref linkend="guc-max-connections"> configuration parameter.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-o <replaceable class="parameter">extra-options</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
The command line-style options specified in <replaceable
class="parameter">extra-options</replaceable> are passed to
all server processes started by this
<command>postgres</command>. If the option string contains
any spaces, the entire string must be quoted.
</para>
<para>
The use of this option is obsolete; all command-line options
for server processes can be specified directly on the
<command>postgres</command> command line
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-p <replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Specifies the TCP/IP port or local Unix domain socket file
extension on which <command>postgres</command>
is to listen for connections from client applications.
Defaults to the value of the <envar>PGPORT</envar> environment
variable, or if <envar>PGPORT</envar> is not set, then
defaults to the value established during compilation (normally
5432). If you specify a port other than the default port,
then all client applications must specify the same port using
either command-line options or <envar>PGPORT</envar>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-s</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Print time information and other statistics at the end of each command.
This is useful for benchmarking or for use in tuning the number of
buffers.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-S</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Specifies that the <command>postgres</command>
process should start up in silent mode. That is, it will
disassociate from the user's (controlling) terminal, start its
own process group, and redirect its standard output and
standard error to <filename>/dev/null</filename>.
</para>
<para>
Using this switch discards all logging output, which is
probably not what you want, since it makes it very difficult
to troubleshoot problems. See below for a better way to start
<command>postgres</command> in the background.
</para>
<para>
<option>--silent-mode=false</option> has the opposite effect
of this option.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--<replaceable>name</replaceable>=<replaceable>value</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Sets a named run-time parameter; a shorter form of
<option>-c</>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--describe-config</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
This option dumps out the server's internal configuration variables,
descriptions, and defaults in tab-delimited <command>COPY</> format.
It is designed primarily for use by administration tools.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -158,46 +371,199 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<title>Semi-internal Options</title> <title>Semi-internal Options</title>
<para> <para>
The options <option>-f</option>, <option>-O</option>, There are several other options that may be specified, used
<option>-P</option>, <option>-t</option>, and <option>-W</option> mainly for debugging purposes and in some cases to assist with
have the same meanings as with the <xref recovery of severely damaged databases. There should be no reason
linkend="app-postmaster"> and are reserved for debugging and to use them in a production database setup. These are listed
disaster recovery. Further options for internal use are: here only for the use by <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
system developers. Furthermore, any of these options may
disappear or change in a future release without notice.
</para>
<variablelist> <variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-f</option> <literal>{ s | i | m | n | h }</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Forbids the use of particular scan and join methods:
<literal>s</literal> and <literal>i</literal>
disable sequential and index scans respectively, while
<literal>n</literal>, <literal>m</literal>, and <literal>h</literal>
disable nested-loop, merge and hash joins respectively.
</para>
<para>
Neither sequential scans nor nested-loop joins can be disabled
completely; the <literal>-fs</literal> and
<literal>-fn</literal> options simply discourage the optimizer
from using those plan types if it has any other alternative.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-n</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
This option is for debugging problems that cause a server
process to die abnormally. The ordinary strategy in this
situation is to notify all other server processes that they
must terminate and then reinitialize the shared memory and
semaphores. This is because an errant server process could
have corrupted some shared state before terminating. This
option specifies that <command>postgres</command> will
not reinitialize shared data structures. A knowledgeable
system programmer can then use a debugger to examine shared
memory and semaphore state.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-O</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Allows the structure of system tables to be modified. This is
used by <command>initdb</command>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-P</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Ignore system indexes when reading system tables (but still update
the indexes when modifying the tables). This is useful when
recovering from damaged system indexes.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-t</option> <literal>pa[rser] | pl[anner] | e[xecutor]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Print timing statistics for each query relating to each of the
major system modules. This option cannot be used together
with the <option>-s</option> option.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-T</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
This option is for debugging problems that cause a server
process to die abnormally. The ordinary strategy in this
situation is to notify all other server processes that they
must terminate and then reinitialize the shared memory and
semaphores. This is because an errant server process could
have corrupted some shared state before terminating. This
option specifies that <command>postgres</command> will
stop all other server processes by sending the signal
<literal>SIGSTOP</literal>, but will not cause them to
terminate. This permits system programmers to collect core
dumps from all server processes by hand.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <varlistentry>
<term><option>-v</option> <replaceable class="parameter">protocol</replaceable></term> <term><option>-v</option> <replaceable class="parameter">protocol</replaceable></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Specifies the version number of the frontend/backend protocol Specifies the version number of the frontend/backend protocol
to be used for this particular session. to be used for a particular session. This option is for
internal use only.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <varlistentry>
<term><option>-y</option> <replaceable class="parameter">database</replaceable></term> <term><option>-W</option> <replaceable class="parameter">seconds</replaceable></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Indicates that this process has been started by a A delay of this many seconds occurs when a new server process
<command>postmaster</command> and specifies the database to use. is started, after it conducts the authentication procedure.
etc. This is intended to give an opportunity to attach to the
server process with a debugger.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <varlistentry>
<term><option>--describe-config</option></term> <term><option>-y</option> <replaceable class="parameter">database</replaceable></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
This option dumps out the server's internal configuration variables, Indicates that this is a subprocess started by
descriptions, and defaults in tab-delimited <command>COPY</> format. <command>postgres</command> and specifies the database to
It is designed primarily for use by administration tools. use. This option is for internal use only.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
</variablelist> </variablelist>
</refsect2>
<refsect2>
<title>Options for single-user mode</title>
<para>
The following options only apply to the single-user mode.
</para> </para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--single</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Selects the single-user mode. This must be the first argument
on the command line.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><replaceable class="parameter">database</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Specifies the name of the database to be accessed. If it is
omitted it defaults to the user name.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-E</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Echo all commands.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-j</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Disables use of newline as a statement delimiter.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-r</option> <replaceable class="parameter">filename</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Send all server log output to <replaceable
class="parameter">filename</replaceable>. In normal multiuser
mode, this option is ignored, and <systemitem>stderr</> is
used by all processes.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect2> </refsect2>
</refsect1> </refsect1>
@ -205,6 +571,18 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<title>Environment</title> <title>Environment</title>
<variablelist> <variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><envar>PGCLIENTENCODING</envar></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Default character encoding used by clients. (The clients may
override this individually.) This value can also be set in the
configuration file.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <varlistentry>
<term><envar>PGDATA</envar></term> <term><envar>PGDATA</envar></term>
@ -214,47 +592,154 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><envar>PGDATESTYLE</envar></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Default value of the <xref linkend="guc-datestyle"> run-time
parameter. (The use of this environment variable is deprecated.)
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><envar>PGPORT</envar></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Default port (preferably set in the configuration file)
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><envar>TZ</envar></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Server time zone
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist> </variablelist>
</refsect1> </refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Diagnostics</title>
<para>
A failure message mentioning <literal>semget</> or
<literal>shmget</> probably indicates you need to configure your
kernel to provide adequate shared memory and semaphores. For more
discussion see <xref linkend="kernel-resources">. You may be able
to postpone reconfiguring your kernel by decreasing <xref
linkend="guc-shared-buffers"> to reduce the shared memory
consumption of <productname>PostgreSQL</>, and/or by reducing
<xref linkend="guc-max-connections"> to reduce the semaphore
consumption.
</para>
<para>
A failure message suggesting that another server is already running
should be checked carefully, for example by using the command
<screen>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>ps ax | grep postgres</userinput>
</screen>
or
<screen>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>ps -ef | grep postgres</userinput>
</screen>
depending on your system. If you are certain that no conflicting
server is running, you may remove the lock file mentioned in the
message and try again.
</para>
<para>
A failure message indicating inability to bind to a port may
indicate that that port is already in use by some
non-<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> process. You may also
get this error if you terminate <command>postgres</command>
and immediately restart it using the same port; in this case, you
must simply wait a few seconds until the operating system closes
the port before trying again. Finally, you may get this error if
you specify a port number that your operating system considers to
be reserved. For example, many versions of Unix consider port
numbers under 1024 to be <quote>trusted</quote> and only permit
the Unix superuser to access them.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1> <refsect1>
<title>Notes</title> <title>Notes</title>
<para>
If at all possible, <emphasis>do not</emphasis> use
<literal>SIGKILL</literal> to kill the main
<command>postgres</command> server. Doing so will prevent
<command>postgres</command> from freeing the system
resources (e.g., shared memory and semaphores) that it holds before
terminating. This may cause problems for starting a fresh
<command>postgres</command> run.
</para>
<para> <para>
To cancel a running query, send the <literal>SIGINT</literal> signal To terminate the <command>postgres</command> server normally, the
to the <command>postgres</command> process running that command. signals <literal>SIGTERM</literal>, <literal>SIGINT</literal>, or
<literal>SIGQUIT</literal> can be used. The first will wait for
all clients to terminate before quitting, the second will
forcefully disconnect all clients, and the third will quit
immediately without proper shutdown, resulting in a recovery run
during restart. The <literal>SIGHUP</literal> signal will reload
the server configuration files. It is also possible to send
<literal>SIGHUP</literal> to an individual server process, but that
is usually not sensible.
</para>
<para>
The utility command <xref linkend="app-pg-ctl"> can be used to
start and shut down the <command>postgres</command> server
safely and comfortably.
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
To tell <command>postgres</command> to reload the configuration files, To cancel a running query, send the <literal>SIGINT</literal> signal
send a <literal>SIGHUP</literal> signal. Normally it's best to to the process running that command.
<literal>SIGHUP</literal> the <command>postmaster</command> instead;
the <command>postmaster</command> will in turn <literal>SIGHUP</literal>
each of its children. But in some cases it might be desirable to have only
one <command>postgres</command> process reload the configuration files.
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
The <command>postmaster</command> uses <literal>SIGTERM</literal> The <command>postgres</command> server uses <literal>SIGTERM</literal>
to tell a <command>postgres</command> process to quit normally and to tell subordinate server processes to quit normally and
<literal>SIGQUIT</literal> to terminate without the normal cleanup. <literal>SIGQUIT</literal> to terminate without the normal cleanup.
These signals <emphasis>should not</emphasis> be used by users. It is also These signals <emphasis>should not</emphasis> be used by users. It
unwise to send <literal>SIGKILL</literal> to a <command>postgres</command> is also unwise to send <literal>SIGKILL</literal> to a server
process &mdash; the <command>postmaster</command> will interpret this as process &mdash; the main <command>postgres</command> process will
a crash in <command>postgres</command>, and will force all the sibling interpret this as a crash and will force all the sibling processes
<command>postgres</command> processes to quit as part of its standard to quit as part of its standard crash-recovery procedure.
crash-recovery procedure.
</para> </para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 id="app-postgres-bugs">
<title>Bugs</title>
<para>
The <option>--</> options will not work on <systemitem
class="osname">FreeBSD</> or <systemitem class="osname">OpenBSD</>.
Use <option>-c</> instead. This is a bug in the affected operating
systems; a future release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
will provide a workaround if this is not fixed.
</para>
</refsect1> </refsect1>
<refsect1> <refsect1>
<title>Usage</title> <title>Usage</title>
<para> <para>
Start a stand-alone server with a command like To start a single-user mode server, use a command like
<screen> <screen>
<userinput>postgres -D /usr/local/pgsql/data <replaceable>other-options</> my_database</userinput> <userinput>postgres --single -D /usr/local/pgsql/data <replaceable>other-options</> my_database</userinput>
</screen> </screen>
Provide the correct path to the database directory with <option>-D</>, or Provide the correct path to the database directory with <option>-D</>, or
make sure that the environment variable <envar>PGDATA</> is set. make sure that the environment variable <envar>PGDATA</> is set.
@ -262,7 +747,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
Normally, the stand-alone server treats newline as the command Normally, the single-user mode server treats newline as the command
entry terminator; there is no intelligence about semicolons, entry terminator; there is no intelligence about semicolons,
as there is in <application>psql</>. To continue a command as there is in <application>psql</>. To continue a command
across multiple lines, you must type backslash just before each across multiple lines, you must type backslash just before each
@ -285,10 +770,57 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
Note that the stand-alone server does not provide sophisticated Note that the single-user mode server does not provide sophisticated
line-editing features (no command history, for example). line-editing features (no command history, for example).
</para> </para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 id="app-postgres-examples">
<title>Examples</title>
<para>
To start <command>postgres</command> in the background
using default values, type:
<screen>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>nohup postgres &gt;logfile 2&gt;&amp;1 &lt;/dev/null &amp;</userinput>
</screen>
</para>
<para>
To start <command>postgres</command> with a specific
port:
<screen>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>postgres -p 1234</userinput>
</screen>
This command will start up <command>postgres</command>
communicating through the port 1234. In order to connect to this
<command>postgres</command> using <application>psql</>, you would need to
run it as
<screen>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>psql -p 1234</userinput>
</screen>
or set the environment variable <envar>PGPORT</envar>:
<screen>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>export PGPORT=1234</userinput>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>psql</userinput>
</screen>
</para>
<para>
Named run-time parameters can be set in either of these styles:
<screen>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>postgres -c work_mem=1234</userinput>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>postgres --work-mem=1234</userinput>
</screen>
Either form overrides whatever setting might exist for
<varname>work_mem</> in <filename>postgresql.conf</>. Notice that
underscores in parameter names can be written as either underscore
or dash on the command line. Except for short-term experiments,
it's probably better practice to edit the setting in
<filename>postgresql.conf</> than to rely on a command-line switch
to set a parameter.
</para>
</refsect1> </refsect1>
<refsect1> <refsect1>
@ -296,26 +828,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<para> <para>
<xref linkend="app-initdb">, <xref linkend="app-initdb">,
<xref linkend="app-ipcclean">, <xref linkend="app-pg-ctl">
<xref linkend="app-postmaster">
</para> </para>
</refsect1> </refsect1>
</refentry> </refentry>
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sgml-parent-document:nil
sgml-default-dtd-file:"../reference.ced"
sgml-exposed-tags:nil
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652
doc/src/sgml/ref/postmaster.sgml
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@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
<!-- <!--
$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/postmaster.sgml,v 1.56 2006/01/06 01:35:09 tgl Exp $ $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/postmaster.sgml,v 1.57 2006/06/18 15:38:36 petere Exp $
PostgreSQL documentation PostgreSQL documentation
--> -->
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<refnamediv> <refnamediv>
<refname id="postmaster-ref">postmaster</refname> <refname id="postmaster-ref">postmaster</refname>
<refpurpose><productname>PostgreSQL</productname> multiuser database server</refpurpose> <refpurpose><productname>PostgreSQL</productname> database server</refpurpose>
</refnamediv> </refnamediv>
<indexterm zone="app-postmaster"> <indexterm zone="app-postmaster">
@ -30,659 +30,15 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<title>Description</title> <title>Description</title>
<para> <para>
<command>postmaster</command> is the <command>postmaster</command> is a deprecated alias of <command>postgres</command>.
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> multiuser database server.
In order for a client application to access a database it connects
(over a network or locally) to a running
<command>postmaster</command>. The
<command>postmaster</command> then starts a separate server
process (<quote><xref linkend="app-postgres"></quote>) to handle
the connection. The <command>postmaster</command> also
manages the communication among server processes.
</para> </para>
<para>
By default the <command>postmaster</command> starts in the
foreground and prints log messages to the standard error stream. In
practical applications the <command>postmaster</command>
should be started as a background process, perhaps at boot time.
</para>
<para>
One <command>postmaster</command> always manages the data
from exactly one database cluster. A database cluster is a
collection of databases that is stored at a common file system
location (the <quote>data area</quote>).
More than one <command>postmaster</command> process can run on a system
at one time, so long as they use different data areas and different
communication ports (see below).
</para>
<para>
When the <command>postmaster</command> starts it needs
to know the location of the data area.
The location must be specified by the <option>-D</option> option
or the <envar>PGDATA</envar> environment variable; there is no default.
Typically, <option>-D</option> or <envar>PGDATA</envar> points
directly to the data area directory created by <application>initdb</>.
Other possible file layouts are discussed in
<xref linkend="runtime-config-file-locations">.
A data area is created with <xref linkend="app-initdb">.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 id="app-postmaster-options">
<title>Options</title>
<para>
<command>postmaster</command> accepts the following
command line arguments. For a detailed discussion of the options
consult <xref linkend="runtime-config">. You can save typing most of these
options by setting up a configuration file.
</para>
<refsect2>
<title>General Purpose</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-A 0|1</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Enables run-time assertion checks, which is a debugging aid to
detect programming mistakes. This option is only available if
assertions were enabled when <productname>PostgreSQL</> was
compiled. If so, the default is on.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-B <replaceable class="parameter">nbuffers</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Sets the number of shared buffers for use by the server
processes. The default value of this parameter is chosen
automatically by <application>initdb</application>; refer to <xref
linkend="runtime-config-resource-memory"> for more information.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-c <replaceable>name</replaceable>=<replaceable>value</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Sets a named run-time parameter. The configuration parameters
supported by <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> are
described in <xref linkend="runtime-config">. Most of the
other command line options are in fact short forms of such a
parameter assignment. <option>-c</> can appear multiple times
to set multiple parameters.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-d <replaceable>debug-level</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Sets the debug level. The higher this value is set, the more
debugging output is written to the server log. Values are from
1 to 5.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-D <replaceable class="parameter">datadir</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Specifies the file system location of the data directory or
configuration file(s). See
<xref linkend="runtime-config-file-locations"> for details.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-e</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Sets the default date style to <quote>European</quote>, that is
<literal>DMY</> ordering of input date fields. This also causes
the day to be printed before the month in certain date output formats.
See <xref linkend="datatype-datetime"> for more information.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-F</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Disables <function>fsync</function> calls for improved
performance, at the risk of data corruption in the event of a
system crash. Specifying this option is equivalent to
disabling the <xref linkend="guc-fsync"> configuration
parameter. Read the detailed documentation before using this!
</para>
<para>
<option>--fsync=true</option> has the opposite effect
of this option.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-h <replaceable class="parameter">hostname</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Specifies the IP host name or address on which the
<command>postmaster</command> is to listen for TCP/IP
connections from client applications. The value can also be a
comma-separated list of addresses, or <literal>*</> to specify
listening on all available interfaces. An empty value
specifies not listening on any IP addresses, in which case
only Unix-domain sockets can be used to connect to the
<command>postmaster</command>. Defaults to listening only on
<systemitem class="systemname">localhost</systemitem>.
Specifying this option is equivalent to setting the <xref
linkend="guc-listen-addresses"> configuration parameter.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-i</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Allows remote clients to connect via TCP/IP (Internet domain)
connections. Without this option, only local connections are
accepted. This option is equivalent to setting
<varname>listen_addresses</> to <literal>*</> in
<filename>postgresql.conf</> or via <option>-h</>.
</para>
<para>
This option is deprecated since it does not allow access to the
full functionality of <xref linkend="guc-listen-addresses">.
It's usually better to set <varname>listen_addresses</> directly.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-k <replaceable class="parameter">directory</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Specifies the directory of the Unix-domain socket on which the
<command>postmaster</command> is to listen for
connections from client applications. The default is normally
<filename>/tmp</filename>, but can be changed at build time.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-l</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Enables secure connections using <acronym>SSL</acronym>.
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> must have been compiled with
support for <acronym>SSL</acronym> for this option to be
available. For more information on using <acronym>SSL</acronym>,
refer to <xref linkend="ssl-tcp">.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-N <replaceable class="parameter">max-connections</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Sets the maximum number of client connections that this
<command>postmaster</command> will accept. By
default, this value is 32, but it can be set as high as your
system will support. (Note that
<option>-B</option> is required to be at least twice
<option>-N</option>. See <xref linkend="kernel-resources"> for a discussion of
system resource requirements for large numbers of client
connections.) Specifying this option is equivalent to setting the
<xref linkend="guc-max-connections"> configuration parameter.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-o <replaceable class="parameter">extra-options</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
The command line-style options specified in <replaceable
class="parameter">extra-options</replaceable> are passed to
all server processes started by this
<command>postmaster</command>. See <xref
linkend="app-postgres"> for possibilities. If the option
string contains any spaces, the entire string must be quoted.
</para>
<para>
The use of this option is obsolete; all command-line options
for server processes can be specified directly on the
<command>postmaster</command> command line
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-p <replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Specifies the TCP/IP port or local Unix domain socket file
extension on which the <command>postmaster</command>
is to listen for connections from client applications.
Defaults to the value of the <envar>PGPORT</envar> environment
variable, or if <envar>PGPORT</envar> is not set, then
defaults to the value established during compilation (normally
5432). If you specify a port other than the default port,
then all client applications must specify the same port using
either command-line options or <envar>PGPORT</envar>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-s</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Print time information and other statistics at the end of each command.
This is useful for benchmarking or for use in tuning the number of
buffers.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-S</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Specifies that the <command>postmaster</command>
process should start up in silent mode. That is, it will
disassociate from the user's (controlling) terminal, start its
own process group, and redirect its standard output and
standard error to <filename>/dev/null</filename>.
</para>
<para>
Using this switch discards all logging output, which is
probably not what you want, since it makes it very difficult
to troubleshoot problems. See below for a better way to start
the <command>postmaster</command> in the background.
</para>
<para>
<option>--silent-mode=false</option> has the opposite effect
of this option.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--<replaceable>name</replaceable>=<replaceable>value</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Sets a named run-time parameter; a shorter form of
<option>-c</>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect2>
<refsect2>
<title>Semi-internal Options</title>
<para>
There are several other options that may be specified, used
mainly for debugging purposes and in some cases to assist with
recovery of severely damaged databases. There should be no reason
to use them in a production database setup. These are listed
here only for the use by <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
system developers. <emphasis>Use of any of these options is
highly discouraged.</emphasis> Furthermore, any of these options
may disappear or change in a future release without notice.
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-f</option> <literal>{ s | i | m | n | h }</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Forbids the use of particular scan and join methods:
<literal>s</literal> and <literal>i</literal>
disable sequential and index scans respectively, while
<literal>n</literal>, <literal>m</literal>, and <literal>h</literal>
disable nested-loop, merge and hash joins respectively.
</para>
<para>
Neither sequential scans nor nested-loop joins can be disabled
completely; the <literal>-fs</literal> and
<literal>-fn</literal> options simply discourage the optimizer
from using those plan types if it has any other alternative.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-n</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
This option is for debugging problems that cause a server
process to die abnormally. The ordinary strategy in this
situation is to notify all other server processes that they
must terminate and then reinitialize the shared memory and
semaphores. This is because an errant server process could
have corrupted some shared state before terminating. This
option specifies that the <command>postmaster</command> will
not reinitialize shared data structures. A knowledgeable
system programmer can then use a debugger to examine shared
memory and semaphore state.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-O</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Allows the structure of system tables to be modified. This is
used by <command>initdb</command>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-P</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Ignore system indexes when reading system tables (but still update
the indexes when modifying the tables). This is useful when
recovering from damaged system indexes.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-t</option> <literal>pa[rser] | pl[anner] | e[xecutor]</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Print timing statistics for each query relating to each of the
major system modules. This option cannot be used together
with the <option>-s</option> option.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-T</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
This option is for debugging problems that cause a server
process to die abnormally. The ordinary strategy in this
situation is to notify all other server processes that they
must terminate and then reinitialize the shared memory and
semaphores. This is because an errant server process could
have corrupted some shared state before terminating. This
option specifies that the <command>postmaster</command> will
stop all other server processes by sending the signal
<literal>SIGSTOP</literal>, but will not cause them to
terminate. This permits system programmers to collect core
dumps from all server processes by hand.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-W</option> <replaceable class="parameter">seconds</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
A delay of this many seconds occurs when a new server process
is started, after it conducts the authentication procedure.
This is intended to give an opportunity to attach to the
server process with a debugger.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect2>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Environment</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><envar>PGCLIENTENCODING</envar></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Default character encoding used by clients. (The clients may
override this individually.) This value can also be set in the
configuration file.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><envar>PGDATA</envar></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Default data directory location
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><envar>PGDATESTYLE</envar></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Default value of the <xref linkend="guc-datestyle"> run-time
parameter. (The use of this environment variable is deprecated.)
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><envar>PGPORT</envar></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Default port (preferably set in the configuration file)
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><envar>TZ</envar></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Server time zone
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Diagnostics</title>
<para>
A failure message mentioning <literal>semget</> or <literal>shmget</>
probably indicates you need to configure your kernel to provide adequate
shared memory and semaphores. For more discussion see <xref
linkend="kernel-resources">.
</para>
<tip>
<para>
You may be able to postpone reconfiguring your kernel by
decreasing <xref linkend="guc-shared-buffers"> to reduce the
shared memory consumption of <productname>PostgreSQL</>, and/or
by reducing <xref linkend="guc-max-connections"> to reduce the
semaphore consumption.
</para>
</tip>
<para>
A failure message suggesting that another postmaster is already running
should be checked carefully, for example by using the command
<screen>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>ps ax | grep postmaster</userinput>
</screen>
or
<screen>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>ps -ef | grep postmaster</userinput>
</screen>
depending on your system. If you are certain that no conflicting
postmaster is running, you may remove the lock file mentioned in the
message and try again.
</para>
<para>
A failure message indicating inability to bind to a port may
indicate that that port is already in use by some
non-<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> process. You may also
get this error if you terminate the <command>postmaster</command>
and immediately restart it using the same port; in this case, you
must simply wait a few seconds until the operating system closes
the port before trying again. Finally, you may get this error if
you specify a port number that your operating system considers to
be reserved. For example, many versions of Unix consider port
numbers under 1024 to be <quote>trusted</quote> and only permit
the Unix superuser to access them.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Notes</title>
<para>
If at all possible, <emphasis>do not</emphasis> use
<literal>SIGKILL</literal> to kill the
<command>postmaster</command>. Doing so will prevent
<command>postmaster</command> from freeing the system
resources (e.g., shared memory and semaphores) that it holds before
terminating. This may cause problems for starting a fresh
<command>postmaster</command> run.
</para>
<para>
To terminate the <command>postmaster</command> normally,
the signals <literal>SIGTERM</literal>, <literal>SIGINT</literal>,
or <literal>SIGQUIT</literal> can be used. The first will wait for
all clients to terminate before quitting, the second will
forcefully disconnect all clients, and the third will quit
immediately without proper shutdown, resulting in a recovery run
during restart. The <literal>SIGHUP</literal> signal will
reload the server configuration files.
</para>
<para>
The utility command <xref linkend="app-pg-ctl"> can be used to
start and shut down the <command>postmaster</command>
safely and comfortably.
</para>
<para>
The <option>--</> options will not work on <systemitem
class="osname">FreeBSD</> or <systemitem class="osname">OpenBSD</>.
Use <option>-c</> instead. This is a bug in the affected operating
systems; a future release of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
will provide a workaround if this is not fixed.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 id="app-postmaster-examples">
<title>Examples</title>
<para>
To start <command>postmaster</command> in the background
using default values, type:
<screen>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>nohup postmaster &gt;logfile 2&gt;&amp;1 &lt;/dev/null &amp;</userinput>
</screen>
</para>
<para>
To start <command>postmaster</command> with a specific
port:
<screen>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>postmaster -p 1234</userinput>
</screen>
This command will start up <command>postmaster</command>
communicating through the port 1234. In order to connect to this
<command>postmaster</command> using <application>psql</>, you would need to
run it as
<screen>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>psql -p 1234</userinput>
</screen>
or set the environment variable <envar>PGPORT</envar>:
<screen>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>export PGPORT=1234</userinput>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>psql</userinput>
</screen>
</para>
<para>
Named run-time parameters can be set in either of these styles:
<screen>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>postmaster -c work_mem=1234</userinput>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>postmaster --work-mem=1234</userinput>
</screen>
Either form overrides whatever setting might exist for <varname>work_mem</>
in <filename>postgresql.conf</>. Notice that underscores in parameter
names can be written as either underscore or dash on the command line.
</para>
<tip>
<para>
Except for short-term experiments,
it's probably better practice to edit the setting in
<filename>postgresql.conf</> than to rely on a command-line switch
to set a parameter.
</para>
</tip>
</refsect1> </refsect1>
<refsect1> <refsect1>
<title>See Also</title> <title>See Also</title>
<para> <para>
<xref linkend="app-initdb">, <xref linkend="app-postgres">
<xref linkend="app-pg-ctl">
</para> </para>
</refsect1> </refsect1>
</refentry> </refentry>
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@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
<!-- <!--
$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/reindex.sgml,v 1.29 2005/09/12 16:43:29 tgl Exp $ $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/reindex.sgml,v 1.30 2006/06/18 15:38:36 petere Exp $
PostgreSQL documentation PostgreSQL documentation
--> -->
@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ REINDEX { INDEX | TABLE | DATABASE | SYSTEM } <replaceable class="PARAMETER">nam
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
One way to do this is to shut down the postmaster and start a stand-alone One way to do this is to shut down the server and start a single-user
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> server <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> server
with the <option>-P</option> option included on its command line. with the <option>-P</option> option included on its command line.
Then, <command>REINDEX DATABASE</>, <command>REINDEX SYSTEM</>, Then, <command>REINDEX DATABASE</>, <command>REINDEX SYSTEM</>,
@ -156,9 +156,9 @@ REINDEX { INDEX | TABLE | DATABASE | SYSTEM } <replaceable class="PARAMETER">nam
issued, depending on how much you want to reconstruct. If in issued, depending on how much you want to reconstruct. If in
doubt, use <command>REINDEX SYSTEM</> to select doubt, use <command>REINDEX SYSTEM</> to select
reconstruction of all system indexes in the database. Then quit reconstruction of all system indexes in the database. Then quit
the standalone server session and restart the regular server. the single-user server session and restart the regular server.
See the <xref linkend="app-postgres"> reference page for more See the <xref linkend="app-postgres"> reference page for more
information about how to interact with the stand-alone server information about how to interact with the single-user server
interface. interface.
</para> </para>

4
doc/src/sgml/ref/show.sgml
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@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
<!-- <!--
$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/show.sgml,v 1.39 2005/06/14 20:42:52 momjian Exp $ $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/show.sgml,v 1.40 2006/06/18 15:38:36 petere Exp $
PostgreSQL documentation PostgreSQL documentation
--> -->
@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ SHOW ALL
the <envar>PGOPTIONS</envar> environmental variable (when using the <envar>PGOPTIONS</envar> environmental variable (when using
<application>libpq</> or a <application>libpq</>-based <application>libpq</> or a <application>libpq</>-based
application), or through command-line flags when starting the application), or through command-line flags when starting the
<command>postmaster</command>. See <xref <command>postgres</command>. See <xref
linkend="runtime-config"> for details. linkend="runtime-config"> for details.
</para> </para>
</refsect1> </refsect1>

4
doc/src/sgml/regress.sgml
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/regress.sgml,v 1.51 2006/04/06 18:54:36 petere Exp $ --> <!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/regress.sgml,v 1.52 2006/06/18 15:38:36 petere Exp $ -->
<chapter id="regress"> <chapter id="regress">
<title id="regress-title">Regression Tests</title> <title id="regress-title">Regression Tests</title>
@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ exclusion of those that don't.
<![%standalone-ignore;[<xref linkend="guc-max-stack-depth">]]> <![%standalone-ignore;[<xref linkend="guc-max-stack-depth">]]>
<![%standalone-include;[<literal>max_stack_depth</literal>]]> <![%standalone-include;[<literal>max_stack_depth</literal>]]>
parameter indicates. This parameter indicates. This
can be fixed by running the postmaster under a higher stack can be fixed by running the server under a higher stack
size limit (4MB is recommended with the default value of size limit (4MB is recommended with the default value of
<varname>max_stack_depth</>). If you are unable to do that, an <varname>max_stack_depth</>). If you are unable to do that, an
alternative is to reduce the value of <varname>max_stack_depth</>. alternative is to reduce the value of <varname>max_stack_depth</>.

60
doc/src/sgml/runtime.sgml
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/runtime.sgml,v 1.371 2006/04/27 02:29:14 momjian Exp $ --> <!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/runtime.sgml,v 1.372 2006/06/18 15:38:36 petere Exp $ -->
<chapter Id="runtime"> <chapter Id="runtime">
<title>Operating System Environment</title> <title>Operating System Environment</title>
@ -161,19 +161,19 @@ postgres$ <userinput>initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data</userinput>
</para> </para>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1 id="postmaster-start"> <sect1 id="server-start">
<title>Starting the Database Server</title> <title>Starting the Database Server</title>
<para> <para>
Before anyone can access the database, you must start the database Before anyone can access the database, you must start the database
server. The database server program is called server. The database server program is called
<command>postmaster</command>.<indexterm><primary>postmaster</></> <command>postgres</command>.<indexterm><primary>postgres</></>
The <command>postmaster</command> must know where to The <command>postgres</command> program must know where to
find the data it is supposed to use. This is done with the find the data it is supposed to use. This is done with the
<option>-D</option> option. Thus, the simplest way to start the <option>-D</option> option. Thus, the simplest way to start the
server is: server is:
<screen> <screen>
$ <userinput>postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data</userinput> $ <userinput>postgres -D /usr/local/pgsql/data</userinput>
</screen> </screen>
which will leave the server running in the foreground. This must be which will leave the server running in the foreground. This must be
done while logged into the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> user done while logged into the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> user
@ -183,10 +183,10 @@ $ <userinput>postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data</userinput>
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
Normally it is better to start the <command>postmaster</command> in the Normally it is better to start <command>postgres</command> in the
background. For this, use the usual shell syntax: background. For this, use the usual shell syntax:
<screen> <screen>
$ <userinput>postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data &gt;logfile 2&gt;&amp;1 &amp;</userinput> $ <userinput>postgres -D /usr/local/pgsql/data &gt;logfile 2&gt;&amp;1 &amp;</userinput>
</screen> </screen>
It is important to store the server's <systemitem>stdout</> and It is important to store the server's <systemitem>stdout</> and
<systemitem>stderr</> output somewhere, as shown above. It will help <systemitem>stderr</> output somewhere, as shown above. It will help
@ -196,9 +196,9 @@ $ <userinput>postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data &gt;logfile 2&gt;&amp;1 &amp;</
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
The <command>postmaster</command> also takes a number of other The <command>postgres</command> program also takes a number of other
command line options. For more information, see the command-line options. For more information, see the
<xref linkend="app-postmaster"> reference page <xref linkend="app-postgres"> reference page
and <xref linkend="runtime-config"> below. and <xref linkend="runtime-config"> below.
</para> </para>
@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ pg_ctl start -l logfile
</programlisting> </programlisting>
will start the server in the background and put the output into the will start the server in the background and put the output into the
named log file. The <option>-D</option> option has the same meaning named log file. The <option>-D</option> option has the same meaning
here as in the <command>postmaster</command>. <command>pg_ctl</command> here as for <command>postgres</command>. <command>pg_ctl</command>
is also capable of stopping the server. is also capable of stopping the server.
</para> </para>
@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ su -c 'pg_ctl start -D /usr/local/pgsql/data -l serverlog' postgres
to the file <filename>/etc/rc.local</filename>: to the file <filename>/etc/rc.local</filename>:
<indexterm><primary>OpenBSD</><secondary>start script</secondary></> <indexterm><primary>OpenBSD</><secondary>start script</secondary></>
<programlisting> <programlisting>
if [ -x /usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl -a -x /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster ]; then if [ -x /usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl -a -x /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postgres ]; then
su - -c '/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl start -l /var/postgresql/log -s' postgres su - -c '/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl start -l /var/postgresql/log -s' postgres
echo -n ' postgresql' echo -n ' postgresql'
fi fi
@ -310,15 +310,15 @@ su - postgres -c "/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl start -l logfile -D /usr/local/pgs
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
While the <command>postmaster</command> is running, its While the server is running, its
<acronym>PID</acronym> is stored in the file <acronym>PID</acronym> is stored in the file
<filename>postmaster.pid</filename> in the data directory. This is <filename>postmaster.pid</filename> in the data directory. This is
used to prevent multiple <command>postmaster</command> processes used to prevent multiple server instances from
running in the same data directory and can also be used for running in the same data directory and can also be used for
shutting down the <command>postmaster</command> process. shutting down the server.
</para> </para>
<sect2 id="postmaster-start-failures"> <sect2 id="server-start-failures">
<title>Server Start-up Failures</title> <title>Server Start-up Failures</title>
<para> <para>
@ -336,13 +336,13 @@ HINT: Is another postmaster already running on port 5432? If not, wait a few se
FATAL: could not create TCP/IP listen socket FATAL: could not create TCP/IP listen socket
</screen> </screen>
This usually means just what it suggests: you tried to start This usually means just what it suggests: you tried to start
another <command>postmaster</command> on the same port where one is already running. another server on the same port where one is already running.
However, if the kernel error message is not <computeroutput>Address However, if the kernel error message is not <computeroutput>Address
already in use</computeroutput> or some variant of that, there may already in use</computeroutput> or some variant of that, there may
be a different problem. For example, trying to start a <command>postmaster</command> be a different problem. For example, trying to start a server
on a reserved port number may draw something like: on a reserved port number may draw something like:
<screen> <screen>
$ <userinput>postmaster -p 666</userinput> $ <userinput>postgres -p 666</userinput>
LOG: could not bind IPv4 socket: Permission denied LOG: could not bind IPv4 socket: Permission denied
HINT: Is another postmaster already running on port 666? If not, wait a few seconds and retry. HINT: Is another postmaster already running on port 666? If not, wait a few seconds and retry.
FATAL: could not create TCP/IP listen socket FATAL: could not create TCP/IP listen socket
@ -495,7 +495,7 @@ psql: could not connect to server: No such file or directory
<acronym>IPC</> limits, the server will refuse to start and <acronym>IPC</> limits, the server will refuse to start and
should leave an instructive error message describing the problem should leave an instructive error message describing the problem
encountered and what to do about it. (See also <xref encountered and what to do about it. (See also <xref
linkend="postmaster-start-failures">.) The relevant kernel linkend="server-start-failures">.) The relevant kernel
parameters are named consistently across different systems; <xref parameters are named consistently across different systems; <xref
linkend="sysvipc-parameters"> gives an overview. The methods to set linkend="sysvipc-parameters"> gives an overview. The methods to set
them, however, vary. Suggestions for some platforms are given below. them, however, vary. Suggestions for some platforms are given below.
@ -1181,7 +1181,7 @@ default:\
optimal for <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>. Because of the optimal for <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>. Because of the
way that the kernel implements memory overcommit, the kernel may way that the kernel implements memory overcommit, the kernel may
terminate the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> server (the terminate the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> server (the
<filename>postmaster</filename> process) if the memory demands of master server process) if the memory demands of
another process cause the system to run out of virtual memory. another process cause the system to run out of virtual memory.
</para> </para>
@ -1190,9 +1190,9 @@ default:\
this (consult your system documentation and configuration on where this (consult your system documentation and configuration on where
to look for such a message): to look for such a message):
<programlisting> <programlisting>
Out of Memory: Killed process 12345 (postmaster). Out of Memory: Killed process 12345 (postgres).
</programlisting> </programlisting>
This indicates that the <filename>postmaster</filename> process This indicates that the <filename>postgres</filename> process
has been terminated due to memory pressure. has been terminated due to memory pressure.
Although existing database connections will continue to function Although existing database connections will continue to function
normally, no new connections will be accepted. To recover, normally, no new connections will be accepted. To recover,
@ -1237,17 +1237,17 @@ sysctl -w vm.overcommit_memory=2
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1 id="postmaster-shutdown"> <sect1 id="server-shutdown">
<title>Shutting Down the Server</title> <title>Shutting Down the Server</title>
<indexterm zone="postmaster-shutdown"> <indexterm zone="server-shutdown">
<primary>shutdown</> <primary>shutdown</>
</indexterm> </indexterm>
<para> <para>
There are several ways to shut down the database server. You control There are several ways to shut down the database server. You control
the type of shutdown by sending different signals to the the type of shutdown by sending different signals to the master
<command>postmaster</command> process. <command>postgres</command> process.
<variablelist> <variablelist>
<varlistentry> <varlistentry>
@ -1281,7 +1281,7 @@ sysctl -w vm.overcommit_memory=2
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
This is the <firstterm>Immediate Shutdown</firstterm>, which This is the <firstterm>Immediate Shutdown</firstterm>, which
will cause the <command>postmaster</command> process to send a will cause the master <command>postgres</command> process to send a
<systemitem>SIGQUIT</systemitem> to all child processes and exit <systemitem>SIGQUIT</systemitem> to all child processes and exit
immediately, without properly shutting itself down. The child processes immediately, without properly shutting itself down. The child processes
likewise exit immediately upon receiving likewise exit immediately upon receiving
@ -1301,7 +1301,7 @@ sysctl -w vm.overcommit_memory=2
<para> <para>
Alternatively, you can send the signal directly using <command>kill</>. Alternatively, you can send the signal directly using <command>kill</>.
The <acronym>PID</> of the <command>postmaster</command> process can be The <acronym>PID</> of the <command>postgres</command> process can be
found using the <command>ps</command> program, or from the file found using the <command>ps</command> program, or from the file
<filename>postmaster.pid</filename> in the data directory. For <filename>postmaster.pid</filename> in the data directory. For
example, to do a fast shutdown: example, to do a fast shutdown:
@ -1316,7 +1316,7 @@ $ <userinput>kill -INT `head -1 /usr/local/pgsql/data/postmaster.pid`</userinput
the server. Doing so will prevent the server from releasing the server. Doing so will prevent the server from releasing
shared memory and semaphores, which may then have to be done shared memory and semaphores, which may then have to be done
manually before a new server can be started. Furthermore, manually before a new server can be started. Furthermore,
<systemitem>SIGKILL</systemitem> kills the <command>postmaster</command> <systemitem>SIGKILL</systemitem> kills the <command>postgres</command>
process without letting it relay the signal to its subprocesses, process without letting it relay the signal to its subprocesses,
so it will be necessary to kill the individual subprocesses by hand as so it will be necessary to kill the individual subprocesses by hand as
well. well.

10
doc/src/sgml/start.sgml
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/start.sgml,v 1.40 2006/03/10 19:10:49 momjian Exp $ --> <!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/start.sgml,v 1.41 2006/06/18 15:38:36 petere Exp $ -->
<chapter id="tutorial-start"> <chapter id="tutorial-start">
<title>Getting Started</title> <title>Getting Started</title>
@ -76,8 +76,8 @@
connections to the database from client applications, and connections to the database from client applications, and
performs actions on the database on behalf of the clients. The performs actions on the database on behalf of the clients. The
database server program is called database server program is called
<filename>postmaster</filename>. <filename>postgres</filename>.
<indexterm><primary>postmaster</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>postgres</primary></indexterm>
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
@ -112,8 +112,8 @@
starts (<quote>forks</quote>) a new process for each connection. starts (<quote>forks</quote>) a new process for each connection.
From that point on, the client and the new server process From that point on, the client and the new server process
communicate without intervention by the original communicate without intervention by the original
<filename>postmaster</filename> process. Thus, the <filename>postgres</filename> process. Thus, the
<filename>postmaster</filename> is always running, waiting for master server process is always running, waiting for
client connections, whereas client and associated server processes client connections, whereas client and associated server processes
come and go. (All of this is of course invisible to the user. We come and go. (All of this is of course invisible to the user. We
only mention it here for completeness.) only mention it here for completeness.)

10
doc/src/sgml/storage.sgml
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/storage.sgml,v 1.10 2006/04/23 03:39:52 momjian Exp $ --> <!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/storage.sgml,v 1.11 2006/06/18 15:38:36 petere Exp $ -->
<chapter id="storage"> <chapter id="storage">
@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ All the data needed for a database cluster is stored within the cluster's data
directory, commonly referred to as <varname>PGDATA</> (after the name of the directory, commonly referred to as <varname>PGDATA</> (after the name of the
environment variable that can be used to define it). A common location for environment variable that can be used to define it). A common location for
<varname>PGDATA</> is <filename>/var/lib/pgsql/data</>. Multiple clusters, <varname>PGDATA</> is <filename>/var/lib/pgsql/data</>. Multiple clusters,
managed by different postmasters, can exist on the same machine. managed by different server instances, can exist on the same machine.
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
@ -99,14 +99,14 @@ Item
<row> <row>
<entry><filename>postmaster.opts</></entry> <entry><filename>postmaster.opts</></entry>
<entry>A file recording the command-line options the postmaster was <entry>A file recording the command-line options the server was
last started with</entry> last started with</entry>
</row> </row>
<row> <row>
<entry><filename>postmaster.pid</></entry> <entry><filename>postmaster.pid</></entry>
<entry>A lock file recording the current postmaster PID and shared memory <entry>A lock file recording the current server PID and shared memory
segment ID (not present after postmaster shutdown)</entry> segment ID (not present after server shutdown)</entry>
</row> </row>
</tbody> </tbody>

4
src/backend/Makefile
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@ -4,11 +4,11 @@
# #
# Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California # Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
# #
# $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/Makefile,v 1.114 2006/01/05 01:56:29 momjian Exp $ # $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/Makefile,v 1.115 2006/06/18 15:38:36 petere Exp $
# #
#------------------------------------------------------------------------- #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
PGFILEDESC = "PostgreSQL Database Backend" PGFILEDESC = "PostgreSQL Server"
subdir = src/backend subdir = src/backend
top_builddir = ../.. top_builddir = ../..
include $(top_builddir)/src/Makefile.global include $(top_builddir)/src/Makefile.global

36
src/backend/bootstrap/bootstrap.c
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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
* Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
* *
* IDENTIFICATION * IDENTIFICATION
* $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/bootstrap/bootstrap.c,v 1.216 2006/06/08 23:55:48 tgl Exp $ * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/bootstrap/bootstrap.c,v 1.217 2006/06/18 15:38:36 petere Exp $
* *
*------------------------------------------------------------------------- *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/ */
@ -53,7 +53,6 @@ extern char *optarg;
#define ALLOC(t, c) ((t *) calloc((unsigned)(c), sizeof(t))) #define ALLOC(t, c) ((t *) calloc((unsigned)(c), sizeof(t)))
static void usage(void);
static void bootstrap_signals(void); static void bootstrap_signals(void);
static void ShutdownDummyProcess(int code, Datum arg); static void ShutdownDummyProcess(int code, Datum arg);
static hashnode *AddStr(char *str, int strlength, int mderef); static hashnode *AddStr(char *str, int strlength, int mderef);
@ -247,8 +246,8 @@ BootstrapMain(int argc, char *argv[])
if (!IsUnderPostmaster) if (!IsUnderPostmaster)
InitializeGUCOptions(); InitializeGUCOptions();
/* Ignore the initial -boot argument, if present */ /* Ignore the initial --boot argument, if present */
if (argc > 1 && strcmp(argv[1], "-boot") == 0) if (argc > 1 && strcmp(argv[1], "--boot") == 0)
{ {
argv++; argv++;
argc--; argc--;
@ -317,7 +316,9 @@ BootstrapMain(int argc, char *argv[])
break; break;
} }
default: default:
usage(); write_stderr("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n",
progname);
proc_exit(1);
break; break;
} }
} }
@ -328,7 +329,10 @@ BootstrapMain(int argc, char *argv[])
optind++; optind++;
} }
if (!dbname || argc != optind) if (!dbname || argc != optind)
usage(); {
write_stderr("%s: invalid command-line arguments\n", progname);
proc_exit(1);
}
/* /*
* Identify myself via ps * Identify myself via ps
@ -498,26 +502,6 @@ BootstrapMain(int argc, char *argv[])
* ---------------------------------------------------------------- * ----------------------------------------------------------------
*/ */
/* usage:
* usage help for the bootstrap backend
*/
static void
usage(void)
{
fprintf(stderr, _("This is the PostgreSQL bootstrap process.\n\n"));
fprintf(stderr, _("Usage:\n postgres -boot [OPTION]... DBNAME\n\n"));
fprintf(stderr, _("Options:\n"));
fprintf(stderr, _(" -B NBUFFERS number of shared buffers\n"));
fprintf(stderr, _(" -c NAME=VALUE set run-time parameter\n"));
fprintf(stderr, _(" -d 1-5 debugging level\n"));
fprintf(stderr, _(" -D DATADIR database directory\n"));
fprintf(stderr, _(" -F turn fsync off\n"));
fprintf(stderr, _(" -r FILENAME send stdout and stderr to given file\n"));
fprintf(stderr, _(" -x NUM internal use\n"));
proc_exit(1);
}
/* /*
* Set up signal handling for a bootstrap process * Set up signal handling for a bootstrap process
*/ */

401
src/backend/main/main.c
Unescape View File

@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
* *
* *
* IDENTIFICATION * IDENTIFICATION
* $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/main/main.c,v 1.102 2006/06/12 16:17:20 momjian Exp $ * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/main/main.c,v 1.103 2006/06/18 15:38:37 petere Exp $
* *
*------------------------------------------------------------------------- *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/ */
@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
#include <sys/proc.h> #include <sys/proc.h>
#undef ASSEMBLER #undef ASSEMBLER
#endif #endif
#if defined(__NetBSD__) #if defined(__NetBSD__)
#include <sys/param.h> #include <sys/param.h>
#endif #endif
@ -45,88 +46,26 @@
#include "libpq/pqsignal.h" #include "libpq/pqsignal.h"
#endif #endif
const char *progname; const char *progname;
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
#ifndef WIN32
struct passwd *pw;
#endif
char *pw_name_persist;
/* static void startup_hacks(const char *progname);
* Place platform-specific startup hacks here. This is the right place to static void help(const char *progname);
* put code that must be executed early in launch of either a postmaster, static void check_root(const char *progname);
* a standalone backend, or a standalone bootstrap run. Note that this static char *get_current_username(const char *progname);
* code will NOT be executed when a backend or sub-bootstrap run is forked
* by the postmaster.
*
* XXX The need for code here is proof that the platform in question is
* too brain-dead to provide a standard C execution environment without
* help. Avoid adding more here, if you can.
*/
#if defined(__alpha) /* no __alpha__ ? */
#ifdef NOFIXADE
int buffer[] = {SSIN_UACPROC, UAC_SIGBUS | UAC_NOPRINT};
#endif
#endif /* __alpha */
#ifdef WIN32
char *env_locale;
#endif
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
progname = get_progname(argv[0]); progname = get_progname(argv[0]);
/* /*
* On some platforms, unaligned memory accesses result in a kernel trap; * Platform-specific startup hacks
* the default kernel behavior is to emulate the memory access, but this
* results in a significant performance penalty. We ought to fix PG not to
* make such unaligned memory accesses, so this code disables the kernel
* emulation: unaligned accesses will result in SIGBUS instead.
*/
#ifdef NOFIXADE
#if defined(ultrix4)
syscall(SYS_sysmips, MIPS_FIXADE, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL);
#endif
#if defined(__alpha) /* no __alpha__ ? */
if (setsysinfo(SSI_NVPAIRS, buffer, 1, (caddr_t) NULL,
(unsigned long) NULL) < 0)
write_stderr("%s: setsysinfo failed: %s\n",
argv[0], strerror(errno));
#endif
#endif /* NOFIXADE */
#if defined(WIN32)
{
WSADATA wsaData;
int err;
/* Make output streams unbuffered by default */
setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
setvbuf(stderr, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
/* Prepare Winsock */
err = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData);
if (err != 0)
{
write_stderr("%s: WSAStartup failed: %d\n",
argv[0], err);
exit(1);
}
/* In case of general protection fault, don't show GUI popup box */
SetErrorMode(SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS | SEM_NOGPFAULTERRORBOX);
}
#endif
/*
* Not-quite-so-platform-specific startup environment checks. Still best
* to minimize these.
*/ */
startup_hacks(progname);
/* /*
* Remember the physical location of the initially given argv[] array for * Remember the physical location of the initially given argv[] array for
@ -153,23 +92,25 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
set_pglocale_pgservice(argv[0], "postgres"); set_pglocale_pgservice(argv[0], "postgres");
#ifdef WIN32 #ifdef WIN32
/* /*
* Windows uses codepages rather than the environment, so we work around * Windows uses codepages rather than the environment, so we work around
* that by querying the environment explicitly first for LC_COLLATE and * that by querying the environment explicitly first for LC_COLLATE and
* LC_CTYPE. We have to do this because initdb passes those values in the * LC_CTYPE. We have to do this because initdb passes those values in the
* environment. If there is nothing there we fall back on the codepage. * environment. If there is nothing there we fall back on the codepage.
*/ */
{
char *env_locale;
if ((env_locale = getenv("LC_COLLATE")) != NULL) if ((env_locale = getenv("LC_COLLATE")) != NULL)
pg_perm_setlocale(LC_COLLATE, env_locale); pg_perm_setlocale(LC_COLLATE, env_locale);
else else
pg_perm_setlocale(LC_COLLATE, ""); pg_perm_setlocale(LC_COLLATE, "");
if ((env_locale = getenv("LC_CTYPE")) != NULL) if ((env_locale = getenv("LC_CTYPE")) != NULL)
pg_perm_setlocale(LC_CTYPE, env_locale); pg_perm_setlocale(LC_CTYPE, env_locale);
else else
pg_perm_setlocale(LC_CTYPE, ""); pg_perm_setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
}
#else #else
pg_perm_setlocale(LC_COLLATE, ""); pg_perm_setlocale(LC_COLLATE, "");
pg_perm_setlocale(LC_CTYPE, ""); pg_perm_setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
@ -195,80 +136,38 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
unsetenv("LC_ALL"); unsetenv("LC_ALL");
/* /*
* Skip permission checks if we're just trying to do --help or --version; * Catch standard options before doing much else
* otherwise root will get unhelpful failure messages from initdb.
*/ */
if (!(argc > 1 if (argc > 1)
&& (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 ||
strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0 ||
strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 ||
strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)))
{ {
#ifndef WIN32 if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
/*
* Make sure we are not running as root.
*/
if (geteuid() == 0)
{
write_stderr("\"root\" execution of the PostgreSQL server is not permitted.\n"
"The server must be started under an unprivileged user ID to prevent\n"
"possible system security compromise. See the documentation for\n"
"more information on how to properly start the server.\n");
exit(1);
}
/*
* Also make sure that real and effective uids are the same. Executing
* Postgres as a setuid program from a root shell is a security hole,
* since on many platforms a nefarious subroutine could setuid back to
* root if real uid is root. (Since nobody actually uses Postgres as
* a setuid program, trying to actively fix this situation seems more
* trouble than it's worth; we'll just expend the effort to check for
* it.)
*/
if (getuid() != geteuid())
{ {
write_stderr("%s: real and effective user IDs must match\n", help(progname);
argv[0]); exit(0);
exit(1);
} }
#else /* WIN32 */ if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
if (pgwin32_is_admin())
{ {
write_stderr("Execution of PostgreSQL by a user with administrative permissions is not\n" puts("postgres (PostgreSQL) " PG_VERSION);
"permitted.\n" exit(0);
"The server must be started under an unprivileged user ID to prevent\n"
"possible system security compromises. See the documentation for\n"
"more information on how to properly start the server.\n");
exit(1);
} }
#endif /* !WIN32 */
} }
/* /*
* Now dispatch to one of PostmasterMain, PostgresMain, GucInfoMain, * Make sure we are not running as root.
* SubPostmasterMain, or BootstrapMain depending on the program name (and
* possibly first argument) we were called with. The lack of consistency
* here is historical.
*/ */
if (strcmp(progname, "postmaster") == 0) check_root(progname);
{
/* Called as "postmaster" */
exit(PostmasterMain(argc, argv));
}
/* /*
* If the first argument begins with "-fork", then invoke * Dispatch to one of various subprograms depending on first
* SubPostmasterMain. This is used for forking postmaster child processes * argument.
* on systems where we can't simply fork.
*/ */
#ifdef EXEC_BACKEND #ifdef EXEC_BACKEND
if (argc > 1 && strncmp(argv[1], "-fork", 5) == 0) if (argc > 1 && strncmp(argv[1], "--fork", 6) == 0)
exit(SubPostmasterMain(argc, argv)); exit(SubPostmasterMain(argc, argv));
#endif #endif
#ifdef WIN32 #ifdef WIN32
/* /*
* Start our win32 signal implementation * Start our win32 signal implementation
* *
@ -278,47 +177,223 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
pgwin32_signal_initialize(); pgwin32_signal_initialize();
#endif #endif
/* if (argc > 1 && strcmp(argv[1], "--boot") == 0)
* If the first argument is "-boot", then invoke bootstrap mode. (This
* path is taken only for a standalone bootstrap process.)
*/
if (argc > 1 && strcmp(argv[1], "-boot") == 0)
exit(BootstrapMain(argc, argv)); exit(BootstrapMain(argc, argv));
/*
* If the first argument is "--describe-config", then invoke runtime
* configuration option display mode.
*/
if (argc > 1 && strcmp(argv[1], "--describe-config") == 0) if (argc > 1 && strcmp(argv[1], "--describe-config") == 0)
exit(GucInfoMain()); exit(GucInfoMain());
if (argc > 1 && strcmp(argv[1], "--single") == 0)
exit(PostgresMain(argc, argv, get_current_username(progname)));
exit(PostmasterMain(argc, argv));
}
/*
* Place platform-specific startup hacks here. This is the right
* place to put code that must be executed early in launch of either a
* postmaster, a standalone backend, or a standalone bootstrap run.
* Note that this code will NOT be executed when a backend or
* sub-bootstrap run is forked by the server.
*
* XXX The need for code here is proof that the platform in question
* is too brain-dead to provide a standard C execution environment
* without help. Avoid adding more here, if you can.
*/
static void
startup_hacks(const char *progname)
{
#if defined(__alpha) /* no __alpha__ ? */
#ifdef NOFIXADE
int buffer[] = {SSIN_UACPROC, UAC_SIGBUS | UAC_NOPRINT};
#endif
#endif /* __alpha */
/*
* On some platforms, unaligned memory accesses result in a kernel
* trap; the default kernel behavior is to emulate the memory
* access, but this results in a significant performance penalty.
* We ought to fix PG not to make such unaligned memory accesses,
* so this code disables the kernel emulation: unaligned accesses
* will result in SIGBUS instead.
*/
#ifdef NOFIXADE
#if defined(ultrix4)
syscall(SYS_sysmips, MIPS_FIXADE, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL);
#endif
#if defined(__alpha) /* no __alpha__ ? */
if (setsysinfo(SSI_NVPAIRS, buffer, 1, (caddr_t) NULL,
(unsigned long) NULL) < 0)
write_stderr("%s: setsysinfo failed: %s\n",
progname, strerror(errno));
#endif
#endif /* NOFIXADE */
#ifdef WIN32
{
WSADATA wsaData;
int err;
/* Make output streams unbuffered by default */
setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
setvbuf(stderr, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
/* Prepare Winsock */
err = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData);
if (err != 0)
{
write_stderr("%s: WSAStartup failed: %d\n",
progname, err);
exit(1);
}
/* In case of general protection fault, don't show GUI popup box */
SetErrorMode(SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS | SEM_NOGPFAULTERRORBOX);
}
#endif /* WIN32 */
}
static void
help(const char *progname)
{
printf(_("%s is the PostgreSQL server.\n\n"), progname);
printf(_("Usage:\n %s [OPTION]...\n\n"), progname);
printf(_("Options:\n"));
#ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
printf(_(" -A 1|0 enable/disable run-time assert checking\n"));
#endif
printf(_(" -B NBUFFERS number of shared buffers\n"));
printf(_(" -c NAME=VALUE set run-time parameter\n"));
printf(_(" -d 1-5 debugging level\n"));
printf(_(" -D DATADIR database directory\n"));
printf(_(" -e use European date input format (DMY)\n"));
printf(_(" -F turn fsync off\n"));
printf(_(" -h HOSTNAME host name or IP address to listen on\n"));
printf(_(" -i enable TCP/IP connections\n"));
printf(_(" -k DIRECTORY Unix-domain socket location\n"));
#ifdef USE_SSL
printf(_(" -l enable SSL connections\n"));
#endif
printf(_(" -N MAX-CONNECT maximum number of allowed connections\n"));
printf(_(" -o OPTIONS pass \"OPTIONS\" to each server process (obsolete)\n"));
printf(_(" -p PORT port number to listen on\n"));
printf(_(" -s show statistics after each query\n"));
printf(_(" -S WORK-MEM set amount of memory for sorts (in kB)\n"));
printf(_(" --NAME=VALUE set run-time parameter\n"));
printf(_(" --describe-config describe configuration parameters, then exit\n"));
printf(_(" --help show this help, then exit\n"));
printf(_(" --version output version information, then exit\n"));
printf(_("\nDeveloper options:\n"));
printf(_(" -f s|i|n|m|h forbid use of some plan types\n"));
printf(_(" -n do not reinitialize shared memory after abnormal exit\n"));
printf(_(" -O allow system table structure changes\n"));
printf(_(" -P disable system indexes\n"));
printf(_(" -t pa|pl|ex show timings after each query\n"));
printf(_(" -T send SIGSTOP to all backend servers if one dies\n"));
printf(_(" -W NUM wait NUM seconds to allow attach from a debugger\n"));
printf(_("\nOptions for single-user mode:\n"));
printf(_(" --single selects single-user mode (must be first argument)\n"));
printf(_(" DBNAME database name (defaults to user name)\n"));
printf(_(" -d 0-5 override debugging level\n"));
printf(_(" -E echo statement before execution\n"));
printf(_(" -j do not use newline as interactive query delimiter\n"));
printf(_(" -r FILENAME send stdout and stderr to given file\n"));
printf(_("\nOptions for bootstrapping mode:\n"));
printf(_(" --boot selects bootstrapping mode (must be first argument)\n"));
printf(_(" DBNAME database name (mandatory argument in bootstrapping mode)\n"));
printf(_(" -r FILENAME send stdout and stderr to given file\n"));
printf(_(" -x NUM internal use\n"));
printf(_("\nPlease read the documentation for the complete list of run-time\n"
"configuration settings and how to set them on the command line or in\n"
"the configuration file.\n\n"
"Report bugs to <pgsql-bugs@postgresql.org>.\n"));
}
static void
check_root(const char *progname)
{
#ifndef WIN32
if (geteuid() == 0)
{
write_stderr("\"root\" execution of the PostgreSQL server is not permitted.\n"
"The server must be started under an unprivileged user ID to prevent\n"
"possible system security compromise. See the documentation for\n"
"more information on how to properly start the server.\n");
exit(1);
}
/* /*
* Otherwise we're a standalone backend. Invoke PostgresMain, specifying * Also make sure that real and effective uids are the same.
* current userid as the "authenticated" Postgres user name. * Executing as a setuid program from a root shell is a security
* hole, since on many platforms a nefarious subroutine could
* setuid back to root if real uid is root. (Since nobody
* actually uses postgres as a setuid program, trying to
* actively fix this situation seems more trouble than it's worth;
* we'll just expend the effort to check for it.)
*/ */
if (getuid() != geteuid())
{
write_stderr("%s: real and effective user IDs must match\n",
progname);
exit(1);
}
#else /* WIN32 */
if (pgwin32_is_admin())
{
write_stderr("Execution of PostgreSQL by a user with administrative permissions is not\n"
"permitted.\n"
"The server must be started under an unprivileged user ID to prevent\n"
"possible system security compromises. See the documentation for\n"
"more information on how to properly start the server.\n");
exit(1);
}
#endif /* WIN32 */
}
static char *
get_current_username(const char *progname)
{
#ifndef WIN32 #ifndef WIN32
struct passwd *pw;
pw = getpwuid(geteuid()); pw = getpwuid(geteuid());
if (pw == NULL) if (pw == NULL)
{ {
write_stderr("%s: invalid effective UID: %d\n", write_stderr("%s: invalid effective UID: %d\n",
argv[0], (int) geteuid()); progname, (int) geteuid());
exit(1); exit(1);
} }
/* Allocate new memory because later getpwuid() calls can overwrite it */ /* Allocate new memory because later getpwuid() calls can overwrite it. */
pw_name_persist = strdup(pw->pw_name); return strdup(pw->pw_name);
#else #else
{ long namesize = 256 /* UNLEN */ + 1;
long namesize = 256 /* UNLEN */ + 1; char *name;
pw_name_persist = malloc(namesize); name = malloc(namesize);
if (!GetUserName(pw_name_persist, &namesize)) if (!GetUserName(name, &namesize))
{ {
write_stderr("%s: could not determine user name (GetUserName failed)\n", write_stderr("%s: could not determine user name (GetUserName failed)\n",
argv[0]); progname);
exit(1); exit(1);
}
} }
#endif /* WIN32 */
exit(PostgresMain(argc, argv, pw_name_persist)); return name;
#endif
} }

4
src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c
Unescape View File

@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
* *
* *
* IDENTIFICATION * IDENTIFICATION
* $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c,v 1.19 2006/05/19 15:15:37 alvherre Exp $ * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c,v 1.20 2006/06/18 15:38:37 petere Exp $
* *
*------------------------------------------------------------------------- *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/ */
@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ autovac_forkexec(void)
int ac = 0; int ac = 0;
av[ac++] = "postgres"; av[ac++] = "postgres";
av[ac++] = "-forkautovac"; av[ac++] = "--forkautovac";
av[ac++] = NULL; /* filled in by postmaster_forkexec */ av[ac++] = NULL; /* filled in by postmaster_forkexec */
av[ac] = NULL; av[ac] = NULL;

4
src/backend/postmaster/pgarch.c
Unescape View File

@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
* *
* *
* IDENTIFICATION * IDENTIFICATION
* $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/postmaster/pgarch.c,v 1.22 2006/05/30 17:08:14 tgl Exp $ * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/postmaster/pgarch.c,v 1.23 2006/06/18 15:38:37 petere Exp $
* *
*------------------------------------------------------------------------- *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/ */
@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ pgarch_forkexec(void)
av[ac++] = "postgres"; av[ac++] = "postgres";
av[ac++] = "-forkarch"; av[ac++] = "--forkarch";
av[ac++] = NULL; /* filled in by postmaster_forkexec */ av[ac++] = NULL; /* filled in by postmaster_forkexec */

6
src/backend/postmaster/pgstat.c
Unescape View File

@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
* *
* Copyright (c) 2001-2006, PostgreSQL Global Development Group * Copyright (c) 2001-2006, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
* *
* $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/postmaster/pgstat.c,v 1.127 2006/05/30 02:35:39 momjian Exp $ * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/postmaster/pgstat.c,v 1.128 2006/06/18 15:38:37 petere Exp $
* ---------- * ----------
*/ */
#include "postgres.h" #include "postgres.h"
@ -491,11 +491,11 @@ pgstat_forkexec(STATS_PROCESS_TYPE procType)
switch (procType) switch (procType)
{ {
case STAT_PROC_BUFFER: case STAT_PROC_BUFFER:
av[ac++] = "-forkbuf"; av[ac++] = "--forkbuf";
break; break;
case STAT_PROC_COLLECTOR: case STAT_PROC_COLLECTOR:
av[ac++] = "-forkcol"; av[ac++] = "--forkcol";
break; break;
default: default:

109
src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c
Unescape View File

@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
* *
* *
* IDENTIFICATION * IDENTIFICATION
* $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c,v 1.485 2006/06/07 22:24:44 momjian Exp $ * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c,v 1.486 2006/06/18 15:38:37 petere Exp $
* *
* NOTES * NOTES
* *
@ -266,7 +266,6 @@ static void LogChildExit(int lev, const char *procname,
static void BackendInitialize(Port *port); static void BackendInitialize(Port *port);
static int BackendRun(Port *port); static int BackendRun(Port *port);
static void ExitPostmaster(int status); static void ExitPostmaster(int status);
static void usage(const char *);
static int ServerLoop(void); static int ServerLoop(void);
static int BackendStartup(Port *port); static int BackendStartup(Port *port);
static int ProcessStartupPacket(Port *port, bool SSLdone); static int ProcessStartupPacket(Port *port, bool SSLdone);
@ -384,29 +383,6 @@ PostmasterMain(int argc, char *argv[])
IsPostmasterEnvironment = true; IsPostmasterEnvironment = true;
/*
* Catch standard options before doing much else. This even works on
* systems without getopt_long.
*/
if (argc > 1)
{
if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
{
usage(progname);
ExitPostmaster(0);
}
if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
{
puts("postmaster (PostgreSQL) " PG_VERSION);
ExitPostmaster(0);
}
}
#ifdef WIN32
/* Start our win32 signal implementation */
pgwin32_signal_initialize();
#endif
/* /*
* for security, no dir or file created can be group or other accessible * for security, no dir or file created can be group or other accessible
*/ */
@ -1133,55 +1109,6 @@ pmdaemonize(void)
} }
/*
* Print out help message
*/
static void
usage(const char *progname)
{
printf(_("%s is the PostgreSQL server.\n\n"), progname);
printf(_("Usage:\n %s [OPTION]...\n\n"), progname);
printf(_("Options:\n"));
#ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
printf(_(" -A 1|0 enable/disable run-time assert checking\n"));
#endif
printf(_(" -B NBUFFERS number of shared buffers\n"));
printf(_(" -c NAME=VALUE set run-time parameter\n"));
printf(_(" -d 1-5 debugging level\n"));
printf(_(" -D DATADIR database directory\n"));
printf(_(" -e use European date input format (DMY)\n"));
printf(_(" -F turn fsync off\n"));
printf(_(" -h HOSTNAME host name or IP address to listen on\n"));
printf(_(" -i enable TCP/IP connections\n"));
printf(_(" -k DIRECTORY Unix-domain socket location\n"));
#ifdef USE_SSL
printf(_(" -l enable SSL connections\n"));
#endif
printf(_(" -N MAX-CONNECT maximum number of allowed connections\n"));
printf(_(" -o OPTIONS pass \"OPTIONS\" to each server process (obsolete)\n"));
printf(_(" -p PORT port number to listen on\n"));
printf(_(" -s show statistics after each query\n"));
printf(_(" -S WORK-MEM set amount of memory for sorts (in kB)\n"));
printf(_(" --NAME=VALUE set run-time parameter\n"));
printf(_(" --help show this help, then exit\n"));
printf(_(" --version output version information, then exit\n"));
printf(_("\nDeveloper options:\n"));
printf(_(" -f s|i|n|m|h forbid use of some plan types\n"));
printf(_(" -n do not reinitialize shared memory after abnormal exit\n"));
printf(_(" -O allow system table structure changes\n"));
printf(_(" -P disable system indexes\n"));
printf(_(" -t pa|pl|ex show timings after each query\n"));
printf(_(" -T send SIGSTOP to all backend servers if one dies\n"));
printf(_(" -W NUM wait NUM seconds to allow attach from a debugger\n"));
printf(_("\nPlease read the documentation for the complete list of run-time\n"
"configuration settings and how to set them on the command line or in\n"
"the configuration file.\n\n"
"Report bugs to <pgsql-bugs@postgresql.org>.\n"));
}
/* /*
* Main idle loop of postmaster * Main idle loop of postmaster
*/ */
@ -2957,7 +2884,7 @@ backend_forkexec(Port *port)
int ac = 0; int ac = 0;
av[ac++] = "postgres"; av[ac++] = "postgres";
av[ac++] = "-forkbackend"; av[ac++] = "--forkbackend";
av[ac++] = NULL; /* filled in by internal_forkexec */ av[ac++] = NULL; /* filled in by internal_forkexec */
av[ac] = NULL; av[ac] = NULL;
@ -3030,10 +2957,10 @@ internal_forkexec(int argc, char *argv[], Port *port)
/* Make sure caller set up argv properly */ /* Make sure caller set up argv properly */
Assert(argc >= 3); Assert(argc >= 3);
Assert(argv[argc] == NULL); Assert(argv[argc] == NULL);
Assert(strncmp(argv[1], "-fork", 5) == 0); Assert(strncmp(argv[1], "--fork", 6) == 0);
Assert(argv[2] == NULL); Assert(argv[2] == NULL);
/* Insert temp file name after -fork argument */ /* Insert temp file name after --fork argument */
argv[2] = tmpfilename; argv[2] = tmpfilename;
/* Fire off execv in child */ /* Fire off execv in child */
@ -3081,7 +3008,7 @@ internal_forkexec(int argc, char *argv[], Port *port)
/* Make sure caller set up argv properly */ /* Make sure caller set up argv properly */
Assert(argc >= 3); Assert(argc >= 3);
Assert(argv[argc] == NULL); Assert(argv[argc] == NULL);
Assert(strncmp(argv[1], "-fork", 5) == 0); Assert(strncmp(argv[1], "--fork", 6) == 0);
Assert(argv[2] == NULL); Assert(argv[2] == NULL);
/* Verify that there is room in the child list */ /* Verify that there is room in the child list */
@ -3119,7 +3046,7 @@ internal_forkexec(int argc, char *argv[], Port *port)
return -1; return -1;
} }
/* Insert temp file name after -fork argument */ /* Insert temp file name after --fork argument */
sprintf(paramHandleStr, "%lu", (DWORD) paramHandle); sprintf(paramHandleStr, "%lu", (DWORD) paramHandle);
argv[2] = paramHandleStr; argv[2] = paramHandleStr;
@ -3242,7 +3169,7 @@ internal_forkexec(int argc, char *argv[], Port *port)
* to what it would be if we'd simply forked on Unix, and then * to what it would be if we'd simply forked on Unix, and then
* dispatch to the appropriate place. * dispatch to the appropriate place.
* *
* The first two command line arguments are expected to be "-forkFOO" * The first two command line arguments are expected to be "--forkFOO"
* (where FOO indicates which postmaster child we are to become), and * (where FOO indicates which postmaster child we are to become), and
* the name of a variables file that we can read to load data that would * the name of a variables file that we can read to load data that would
* have been inherited by fork() on Unix. Remaining arguments go to the * have been inherited by fork() on Unix. Remaining arguments go to the
@ -3282,9 +3209,9 @@ SubPostmasterMain(int argc, char *argv[])
* to do this before going any further to ensure that we can attach at the * to do this before going any further to ensure that we can attach at the
* same address the postmaster used. * same address the postmaster used.
*/ */
if (strcmp(argv[1], "-forkbackend") == 0 || if (strcmp(argv[1], "--forkbackend") == 0 ||
strcmp(argv[1], "-forkautovac") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "--forkautovac") == 0 ||
strcmp(argv[1], "-forkboot") == 0) strcmp(argv[1], "--forkboot") == 0)
PGSharedMemoryReAttach(); PGSharedMemoryReAttach();
/* /*
@ -3304,7 +3231,7 @@ SubPostmasterMain(int argc, char *argv[])
read_nondefault_variables(); read_nondefault_variables();
/* Run backend or appropriate child */ /* Run backend or appropriate child */
if (strcmp(argv[1], "-forkbackend") == 0) if (strcmp(argv[1], "--forkbackend") == 0)
{ {
Assert(argc == 3); /* shouldn't be any more args */ Assert(argc == 3); /* shouldn't be any more args */
@ -3356,7 +3283,7 @@ SubPostmasterMain(int argc, char *argv[])
/* And run the backend */ /* And run the backend */
proc_exit(BackendRun(&port)); proc_exit(BackendRun(&port));
} }
if (strcmp(argv[1], "-forkboot") == 0) if (strcmp(argv[1], "--forkboot") == 0)
{ {
/* Close the postmaster's sockets */ /* Close the postmaster's sockets */
ClosePostmasterPorts(false); ClosePostmasterPorts(false);
@ -3373,7 +3300,7 @@ SubPostmasterMain(int argc, char *argv[])
BootstrapMain(argc - 2, argv + 2); BootstrapMain(argc - 2, argv + 2);
proc_exit(0); proc_exit(0);
} }
if (strcmp(argv[1], "-forkautovac") == 0) if (strcmp(argv[1], "--forkautovac") == 0)
{ {
/* Close the postmaster's sockets */ /* Close the postmaster's sockets */
ClosePostmasterPorts(false); ClosePostmasterPorts(false);
@ -3390,7 +3317,7 @@ SubPostmasterMain(int argc, char *argv[])
AutoVacMain(argc - 2, argv + 2); AutoVacMain(argc - 2, argv + 2);
proc_exit(0); proc_exit(0);
} }
if (strcmp(argv[1], "-forkarch") == 0) if (strcmp(argv[1], "--forkarch") == 0)
{ {
/* Close the postmaster's sockets */ /* Close the postmaster's sockets */
ClosePostmasterPorts(false); ClosePostmasterPorts(false);
@ -3400,7 +3327,7 @@ SubPostmasterMain(int argc, char *argv[])
PgArchiverMain(argc, argv); PgArchiverMain(argc, argv);
proc_exit(0); proc_exit(0);
} }
if (strcmp(argv[1], "-forkbuf") == 0) if (strcmp(argv[1], "--forkbuf") == 0)
{ {
/* Close the postmaster's sockets */ /* Close the postmaster's sockets */
ClosePostmasterPorts(false); ClosePostmasterPorts(false);
@ -3410,7 +3337,7 @@ SubPostmasterMain(int argc, char *argv[])
PgstatBufferMain(argc, argv); PgstatBufferMain(argc, argv);
proc_exit(0); proc_exit(0);
} }
if (strcmp(argv[1], "-forkcol") == 0) if (strcmp(argv[1], "--forkcol") == 0)
{ {
/* /*
* Do NOT close postmaster sockets here, because we are forking from * Do NOT close postmaster sockets here, because we are forking from
@ -3422,7 +3349,7 @@ SubPostmasterMain(int argc, char *argv[])
PgstatCollectorMain(argc, argv); PgstatCollectorMain(argc, argv);
proc_exit(0); proc_exit(0);
} }
if (strcmp(argv[1], "-forklog") == 0) if (strcmp(argv[1], "--forklog") == 0)
{ {
/* Close the postmaster's sockets */ /* Close the postmaster's sockets */
ClosePostmasterPorts(true); ClosePostmasterPorts(true);
@ -3635,7 +3562,7 @@ StartChildProcess(int xlop)
av[ac++] = "postgres"; av[ac++] = "postgres";
#ifdef EXEC_BACKEND #ifdef EXEC_BACKEND
av[ac++] = "-forkboot"; av[ac++] = "--forkboot";
av[ac++] = NULL; /* filled in by postmaster_forkexec */ av[ac++] = NULL; /* filled in by postmaster_forkexec */
#endif #endif

4
src/backend/postmaster/syslogger.c
Unescape View File

@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
* *
* *
* IDENTIFICATION * IDENTIFICATION
* $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/postmaster/syslogger.c,v 1.24 2006/06/07 22:24:44 momjian Exp $ * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/postmaster/syslogger.c,v 1.25 2006/06/18 15:38:37 petere Exp $
* *
*------------------------------------------------------------------------- *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/ */
@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ syslogger_forkexec(void)
char numbuf[2][32]; char numbuf[2][32];
av[ac++] = "postgres"; av[ac++] = "postgres";
av[ac++] = "-forklog"; av[ac++] = "--forklog";
av[ac++] = NULL; /* filled in by postmaster_forkexec */ av[ac++] = NULL; /* filled in by postmaster_forkexec */
/* static variables (those not passed by write_backend_variables) */ /* static variables (those not passed by write_backend_variables) */

62
src/backend/tcop/postgres.c
Unescape View File

@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
* *
* *
* IDENTIFICATION * IDENTIFICATION
* $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/tcop/postgres.c,v 1.487 2006/06/11 15:49:28 tgl Exp $ * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/tcop/postgres.c,v 1.488 2006/06/18 15:38:37 petere Exp $
* *
* NOTES * NOTES
* this is the "main" module of the postgres backend and * this is the "main" module of the postgres backend and
@ -2399,41 +2399,6 @@ assign_max_stack_depth(int newval, bool doit, GucSource source)
} }
static void
usage(const char *progname)
{
printf(_("%s is the PostgreSQL stand-alone backend. It is not\nintended to be used by normal users.\n\n"), progname);
printf(_("Usage:\n %s [OPTION]... DBNAME\n\n"), progname);
printf(_("Options:\n"));
#ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
printf(_(" -A 1|0 enable/disable run-time assert checking\n"));
#endif
printf(_(" -B NBUFFERS number of shared buffers\n"));
printf(_(" -c NAME=VALUE set run-time parameter\n"));
printf(_(" -d 0-5 debugging level\n"));
printf(_(" -D DATADIR database directory\n"));
printf(_(" -e use European date input format (DMY)\n"));
printf(_(" -E echo statement before execution\n"));
printf(_(" -F turn fsync off\n"));
printf(_(" -j do not use newline as interactive query delimiter\n"));
printf(_(" -r FILENAME send stdout and stderr to given file\n"));
printf(_(" -s show statistics after each query\n"));
printf(_(" -S WORK-MEM set amount of memory for sorts (in kB)\n"));
printf(_(" --NAME=VALUE set run-time parameter\n"));
printf(_(" --describe-config describe configuration parameters, then exit\n"));
printf(_(" --help show this help, then exit\n"));
printf(_(" --version output version information, then exit\n"));
printf(_("\nDeveloper options:\n"));
printf(_(" -f s|i|n|m|h forbid use of some plan types\n"));
printf(_(" -O allow system table structure changes\n"));
printf(_(" -P disable system indexes\n"));
printf(_(" -t pa|pl|ex show timings after each query\n"));
printf(_(" -W NUM wait NUM seconds to allow attach from a debugger\n"));
printf(_("\nReport bugs to <pgsql-bugs@postgresql.org>.\n"));
}
/* /*
* set_debug_options --- apply "-d N" command line option * set_debug_options --- apply "-d N" command line option
* *
@ -2563,24 +2528,6 @@ PostgresMain(int argc, char *argv[], const char *username)
(guc_names = lappend(guc_names, pstrdup(name)), \ (guc_names = lappend(guc_names, pstrdup(name)), \
guc_values = lappend(guc_values, pstrdup(val))) guc_values = lappend(guc_values, pstrdup(val)))
/*
* Catch standard options before doing much else. This even works on
* systems without getopt_long.
*/
if (!IsUnderPostmaster && argc > 1)
{
if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
{
usage(argv[0]);
exit(0);
}
if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
{
puts(PG_VERSIONSTR);
exit(0);
}
}
/* /*
* initialize globals (already done if under postmaster, but not if * initialize globals (already done if under postmaster, but not if
* standalone; cheap enough to do over) * standalone; cheap enough to do over)
@ -2638,6 +2585,13 @@ PostgresMain(int argc, char *argv[], const char *username)
* ---------------- * ----------------
*/ */
/* Ignore the initial --single argument, if present */
if (argc > 1 && strcmp(argv[1], "--single") == 0)
{
argv++;
argc--;
}
/* all options are allowed until '-p' */ /* all options are allowed until '-p' */
secure = true; secure = true;
ctx = PGC_POSTMASTER; ctx = PGC_POSTMASTER;

14
src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
Unescape View File

@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
* *
* initdb creates (initializes) a PostgreSQL database cluster (site, * initdb creates (initializes) a PostgreSQL database cluster (site,
* instance, installation, whatever). A database cluster is a * instance, installation, whatever). A database cluster is a
* collection of PostgreSQL databases all managed by the same postmaster. * collection of PostgreSQL databases all managed by the same server.
* *
* To create the database cluster, we create the directory that contains * To create the database cluster, we create the directory that contains
* all its data, create the files that hold the global tables, create * all its data, create the files that hold the global tables, create
@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
* Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
* Portions taken from FreeBSD. * Portions taken from FreeBSD.
* *
* $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c,v 1.117 2006/06/07 22:24:44 momjian Exp $ * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c,v 1.118 2006/06/18 15:38:37 petere Exp $
* *
*------------------------------------------------------------------------- *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/ */
@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ static char *authwarning = NULL;
* (no quoting to worry about). * (no quoting to worry about).
*/ */
static const char *boot_options = "-F"; static const char *boot_options = "-F";
static const char *backend_options = "-F -O -c search_path=pg_catalog -c exit_on_error=true"; static const char *backend_options = "--single -F -O -c search_path=pg_catalog -c exit_on_error=true";
/* path to 'initdb' binary directory */ /* path to 'initdb' binary directory */
@ -1138,7 +1138,7 @@ test_config_settings(void)
test_max_fsm = FSM_FOR_BUFS(test_buffs); test_max_fsm = FSM_FOR_BUFS(test_buffs);
snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd),
"%s\"%s\" -boot -x0 %s " "%s\"%s\" --boot -x0 %s "
"-c max_connections=%d " "-c max_connections=%d "
"-c shared_buffers=%d " "-c shared_buffers=%d "
"-c max_fsm_pages=%d " "-c max_fsm_pages=%d "
@ -1173,7 +1173,7 @@ test_config_settings(void)
test_max_fsm = FSM_FOR_BUFS(test_buffs); test_max_fsm = FSM_FOR_BUFS(test_buffs);
snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd),
"%s\"%s\" -boot -x0 %s " "%s\"%s\" --boot -x0 %s "
"-c max_connections=%d " "-c max_connections=%d "
"-c shared_buffers=%d " "-c shared_buffers=%d "
"-c max_fsm_pages=%d " "-c max_fsm_pages=%d "
@ -1402,7 +1402,7 @@ bootstrap_template1(char *short_version)
unsetenv("PGCLIENTENCODING"); unsetenv("PGCLIENTENCODING");
snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd),
"\"%s\" -boot -x1 %s %s template1", "\"%s\" --boot -x1 %s %s template1",
backend_exec, boot_options, talkargs); backend_exec, boot_options, talkargs);
PG_CMD_OPEN; PG_CMD_OPEN;
@ -2963,7 +2963,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
get_parent_directory(bin_dir); get_parent_directory(bin_dir);
printf(_("\nSuccess. You can now start the database server using:\n\n" printf(_("\nSuccess. You can now start the database server using:\n\n"
" %s%s%spostmaster%s -D %s%s%s\n" " %s%s%spostgres%s -D %s%s%s\n"
"or\n" "or\n"
" %s%s%spg_ctl%s -D %s%s%s -l logfile start\n\n"), " %s%s%spg_ctl%s -D %s%s%s -l logfile start\n\n"),
QUOTE_PATH, bin_dir, (strlen(bin_dir) > 0) ? DIR_SEP : "", QUOTE_PATH, QUOTE_PATH, bin_dir, (strlen(bin_dir) > 0) ? DIR_SEP : "", QUOTE_PATH,

86
src/bin/pg_ctl/pg_ctl.c
Unescape View File

@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
* *
* Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2006, PostgreSQL Global Development Group * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2006, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
* *
* $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/bin/pg_ctl/pg_ctl.c,v 1.68 2006/06/07 22:24:44 momjian Exp $ * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/bin/pg_ctl/pg_ctl.c,v 1.69 2006/06/18 15:38:37 petere Exp $
* *
*------------------------------------------------------------------------- *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/ */
@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ typedef long pgpid_t;
#define WHITESPACE "\f\n\r\t\v" /* as defined by isspace() */ #define WHITESPACE "\f\n\r\t\v" /* as defined by isspace() */
/* postmaster version ident string */ /* postgres version ident string */
#define PM_VERSIONSTR "postmaster (PostgreSQL) " PG_VERSION "\n" #define PM_VERSIONSTR "postgres (PostgreSQL) " PG_VERSION "\n"
typedef enum typedef enum
@ -487,8 +487,8 @@ do_start(void)
{ {
old_pid = get_pgpid(); old_pid = get_pgpid();
if (old_pid != 0) if (old_pid != 0)
write_stderr(_("%s: another postmaster may be running; " write_stderr(_("%s: another server may be running; "
"trying to start postmaster anyway\n"), "trying to start server anyway\n"),
progname); progname);
} }
@ -553,7 +553,7 @@ do_start(void)
postmaster_path = pg_malloc(MAXPGPATH); postmaster_path = pg_malloc(MAXPGPATH);
if ((ret = find_other_exec(argv0, "postmaster", PM_VERSIONSTR, if ((ret = find_other_exec(argv0, "postgres", PM_VERSIONSTR,
postmaster_path)) < 0) postmaster_path)) < 0)
{ {
char full_path[MAXPGPATH]; char full_path[MAXPGPATH];
@ -562,13 +562,13 @@ do_start(void)
StrNCpy(full_path, progname, MAXPGPATH); StrNCpy(full_path, progname, MAXPGPATH);
if (ret == -1) if (ret == -1)
write_stderr(_("The program \"postmaster\" is needed by %s " write_stderr(_("The program \"postgres\" is needed by %s "
"but was not found in the\n" "but was not found in the\n"
"same directory as \"%s\".\n" "same directory as \"%s\".\n"
"Check your installation.\n"), "Check your installation.\n"),
progname, full_path); progname, full_path);
else else
write_stderr(_("The program \"postmaster\" was found by \"%s\"\n" write_stderr(_("The program \"postgres\" was found by \"%s\"\n"
"but was not the same version as %s.\n" "but was not the same version as %s.\n"
"Check your installation.\n"), "Check your installation.\n"),
full_path, progname); full_path, progname);
@ -580,7 +580,7 @@ do_start(void)
exitcode = start_postmaster(); exitcode = start_postmaster();
if (exitcode != 0) if (exitcode != 0)
{ {
write_stderr(_("%s: could not start postmaster: exit code was %d\n"), write_stderr(_("%s: could not start server: exit code was %d\n"),
progname, exitcode); progname, exitcode);
exit(1); exit(1);
} }
@ -591,7 +591,7 @@ do_start(void)
pid = get_pgpid(); pid = get_pgpid();
if (pid == old_pid) if (pid == old_pid)
{ {
write_stderr(_("%s: could not start postmaster\n" write_stderr(_("%s: could not start server\n"
"Examine the log output.\n"), "Examine the log output.\n"),
progname); progname);
exit(1); exit(1);
@ -600,21 +600,21 @@ do_start(void)
if (do_wait) if (do_wait)
{ {
print_msg(_("waiting for postmaster to start...")); print_msg(_("waiting for server to start..."));
if (test_postmaster_connection() == false) if (test_postmaster_connection() == false)
{ {
printf(_("could not start postmaster\n")); printf(_("could not start server\n"));
exit(1); exit(1);
} }
else else
{ {
print_msg(_(" done\n")); print_msg(_(" done\n"));
print_msg(_("postmaster started\n")); print_msg(_("server started\n"));
} }
} }
else else
print_msg(_("postmaster starting\n")); print_msg(_("server starting\n"));
} }
@ -629,14 +629,14 @@ do_stop(void)
if (pid == 0) /* no pid file */ if (pid == 0) /* no pid file */
{ {
write_stderr(_("%s: PID file \"%s\" does not exist\n"), progname, pid_file); write_stderr(_("%s: PID file \"%s\" does not exist\n"), progname, pid_file);
write_stderr(_("Is postmaster running?\n")); write_stderr(_("Is server running?\n"));
exit(1); exit(1);
} }
else if (pid < 0) /* standalone backend, not postmaster */ else if (pid < 0) /* standalone backend, not postmaster */
{ {
pid = -pid; pid = -pid;
write_stderr(_("%s: cannot stop postmaster; " write_stderr(_("%s: cannot stop server; "
"postgres is running (PID: %ld)\n"), "single-user server is running (PID: %ld)\n"),
progname, pid); progname, pid);
exit(1); exit(1);
} }
@ -650,12 +650,12 @@ do_stop(void)
if (!do_wait) if (!do_wait)
{ {
print_msg(_("postmaster shutting down\n")); print_msg(_("server shutting down\n"));
return; return;
} }
else else
{ {
print_msg(_("waiting for postmaster to shut down...")); print_msg(_("waiting for server to shut down..."));
for (cnt = 0; cnt < wait_seconds; cnt++) for (cnt = 0; cnt < wait_seconds; cnt++)
{ {
@ -672,12 +672,12 @@ do_stop(void)
{ {
print_msg(_(" failed\n")); print_msg(_(" failed\n"));
write_stderr(_("%s: postmaster does not shut down\n"), progname); write_stderr(_("%s: server does not shut down\n"), progname);
exit(1); exit(1);
} }
print_msg(_(" done\n")); print_msg(_(" done\n"));
printf(_("postmaster stopped\n")); printf(_("server stopped\n"));
} }
} }
@ -698,8 +698,8 @@ do_restart(void)
{ {
write_stderr(_("%s: PID file \"%s\" does not exist\n"), write_stderr(_("%s: PID file \"%s\" does not exist\n"),
progname, pid_file); progname, pid_file);
write_stderr(_("Is postmaster running?\n")); write_stderr(_("Is server running?\n"));
write_stderr(_("starting postmaster anyway\n")); write_stderr(_("starting server anyway\n"));
do_start(); do_start();
return; return;
} }
@ -708,10 +708,10 @@ do_restart(void)
pid = -pid; pid = -pid;
if (postmaster_is_alive((pid_t) pid)) if (postmaster_is_alive((pid_t) pid))
{ {
write_stderr(_("%s: cannot restart postmaster; " write_stderr(_("%s: cannot restart server; "
"postgres is running (PID: %ld)\n"), "single-user server is running (PID: %ld)\n"),
progname, pid); progname, pid);
write_stderr(_("Please terminate postgres and try again.\n")); write_stderr(_("Please terminate the single-user server and try again.\n"));
exit(1); exit(1);
} }
} }
@ -725,7 +725,7 @@ do_restart(void)
exit(1); exit(1);
} }
print_msg(_("waiting for postmaster to shut down...")); print_msg(_("waiting for server to shut down..."));
/* always wait for restart */ /* always wait for restart */
@ -744,18 +744,18 @@ do_restart(void)
{ {
print_msg(_(" failed\n")); print_msg(_(" failed\n"));
write_stderr(_("%s: postmaster does not shut down\n"), progname); write_stderr(_("%s: server does not shut down\n"), progname);
exit(1); exit(1);
} }
print_msg(_(" done\n")); print_msg(_(" done\n"));
printf(_("postmaster stopped\n")); printf(_("server stopped\n"));
} }
else else
{ {
write_stderr(_("%s: old postmaster process (PID: %ld) seems to be gone\n"), write_stderr(_("%s: old server process (PID: %ld) seems to be gone\n"),
progname, pid); progname, pid);
write_stderr(_("starting postmaster anyway\n")); write_stderr(_("starting server anyway\n"));
} }
do_start(); do_start();
@ -771,16 +771,16 @@ do_reload(void)
if (pid == 0) /* no pid file */ if (pid == 0) /* no pid file */
{ {
write_stderr(_("%s: PID file \"%s\" does not exist\n"), progname, pid_file); write_stderr(_("%s: PID file \"%s\" does not exist\n"), progname, pid_file);
write_stderr(_("Is postmaster running?\n")); write_stderr(_("Is server running?\n"));
exit(1); exit(1);
} }
else if (pid < 0) /* standalone backend, not postmaster */ else if (pid < 0) /* standalone backend, not postmaster */
{ {
pid = -pid; pid = -pid;
write_stderr(_("%s: cannot reload postmaster; " write_stderr(_("%s: cannot reload server; "
"postgres is running (PID: %ld)\n"), "single-user server is running (PID: %ld)\n"),
progname, pid); progname, pid);
write_stderr(_("Please terminate postgres and try again.\n")); write_stderr(_("Please terminate the single-user server and try again.\n"));
exit(1); exit(1);
} }
@ -791,7 +791,7 @@ do_reload(void)
exit(1); exit(1);
} }
print_msg(_("postmaster signaled\n")); print_msg(_("server signaled\n"));
} }
/* /*
@ -835,7 +835,7 @@ do_status(void)
pid = -pid; pid = -pid;
if (postmaster_is_alive((pid_t) pid)) if (postmaster_is_alive((pid_t) pid))
{ {
printf(_("%s: a standalone backend \"postgres\" is running (PID: %ld)\n"), printf(_("%s: single-user server is running (PID: %ld)\n"),
progname, pid); progname, pid);
return; return;
} }
@ -847,7 +847,7 @@ do_status(void)
{ {
char **optlines; char **optlines;
printf(_("%s: postmaster is running (PID: %ld)\n"), printf(_("%s: server is running (PID: %ld)\n"),
progname, pid); progname, pid);
optlines = readfile(postopts_file); optlines = readfile(postopts_file);
@ -858,7 +858,7 @@ do_status(void)
} }
} }
} }
printf(_("%s: neither postmaster nor postgres running\n"), progname); printf(_("%s: no server running\n"), progname);
exit(1); exit(1);
} }
@ -909,10 +909,10 @@ pgwin32_CommandLine(bool registration)
} }
else else
{ {
ret = find_other_exec(argv0, "postmaster", PM_VERSIONSTR, cmdLine); ret = find_other_exec(argv0, "postgres", PM_VERSIONSTR, cmdLine);
if (ret != 0) if (ret != 0)
{ {
write_stderr(_("%s: could not find postmaster program executable\n"), progname); write_stderr(_("%s: could not find postgres program executable\n"), progname);
exit(1); exit(1);
} }
} }
@ -1373,9 +1373,9 @@ do_help(void)
printf(_("\nOptions for start or restart:\n")); printf(_("\nOptions for start or restart:\n"));
printf(_(" -l, --log FILENAME write (or append) server log to FILENAME\n")); printf(_(" -l, --log FILENAME write (or append) server log to FILENAME\n"));
printf(_(" -o OPTIONS command line options to pass to the postmaster\n" printf(_(" -o OPTIONS command line options to pass to postgres\n"
" (PostgreSQL server executable)\n")); " (PostgreSQL server executable)\n"));
printf(_(" -p PATH-TO-POSTMASTER normally not necessary\n")); printf(_(" -p PATH-TO-POSTGRES normally not necessary\n"));
printf(_("\nOptions for stop or restart:\n")); printf(_("\nOptions for stop or restart:\n"));
printf(_(" -m SHUTDOWN-MODE may be \"smart\", \"fast\", or \"immediate\"\n")); printf(_(" -m SHUTDOWN-MODE may be \"smart\", \"fast\", or \"immediate\"\n"));

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