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Instead of using a numberOfRequiredKeys count to distinguish required

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and non-required keys in a btree index scan, mark the required scankeys
with private flag bits SK_BT_REQFWD and/or SK_BT_REQBKWD.  This seems
at least marginally clearer to me, and it eliminates a wired-into-the-
data-structure assumption that required keys are consecutive.  Even though
that assumption will remain true for the foreseeable future, having it
in there makes the code seem more complex than necessary.
REL8_2_STABLE
Tom Lane 20 years ago
parent f6f43e7ee3
commit 7ccaf13a06
3 changed files with 92 additions and 74 deletions
Show all changes Ignore whitespace when comparing lines Ignore changes in amount of whitespace Ignore changes in whitespace at EOL
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  1. 6
      src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsearch.c
  2. 132
      src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtutils.c
  3. 22
      src/include/access/nbtree.h

6
src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsearch.c
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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
* Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
*
* IDENTIFICATION
* $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsearch.c,v 1.100 2006/01/17 00:09:01 tgl Exp $
* $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsearch.c,v 1.101 2006/01/23 22:31:40 tgl Exp $
*
*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
@ -509,8 +509,8 @@ _bt_first(IndexScanDesc scan, ScanDirection dir)
pgstat_count_index_scan(&scan->xs_pgstat_info);
/*
* Examine the scan keys and eliminate any redundant keys; also discover
* how many keys must be matched to continue the scan.
* Examine the scan keys and eliminate any redundant keys; also mark the
* keys that must be matched to continue the scan.
*/
_bt_preprocess_keys(scan);

132
src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtutils.c
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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
*
*
* IDENTIFICATION
* $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtutils.c,v 1.68 2006/01/17 00:09:01 tgl Exp $
* $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtutils.c,v 1.69 2006/01/23 22:31:40 tgl Exp $
*
*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
@ -178,20 +178,21 @@ _bt_formitem(IndexTuple itup)
* within each attribute may be done as a byproduct of the processing here,
* but no other code depends on that.
*
* Aside from preparing so->keyData[], this routine sets
* so->numberOfRequiredKeys to the number of quals that must be satisfied to
* continue the scan. _bt_checkkeys uses this. For example, if the quals
* The output keys are marked with flags SK_BT_REQFWD and/or SK_BT_REQBKWD
* if they must be satisfied in order to continue the scan forward or backward
* respectively. _bt_checkkeys uses these flags. For example, if the quals
* are "x = 1 AND y < 4 AND z < 5", then _bt_checkkeys will reject a tuple
* (1,2,7), but we must continue the scan in case there are tuples (1,3,z).
* But once we reach tuples like (1,4,z) we can stop scanning because no
* later tuples could match. This is reflected by setting
* so->numberOfRequiredKeys to 2, the number of leading keys that must be
* matched to continue the scan. In general, numberOfRequiredKeys is equal
* to the number of keys for leading attributes with "=" keys, plus the
* key(s) for the first non "=" attribute, which can be seen to be correct
* by considering the above example. Note in particular that if there are no
* keys for a given attribute, the keys for subsequent attributes can never
* be required; for instance "WHERE y = 4" requires a full-index scan.
* later tuples could match. This is reflected by marking the x and y keys,
* but not the z key, with SK_BT_REQFWD. In general, the keys for leading
* attributes with "=" keys are marked both SK_BT_REQFWD and SK_BT_REQBKWD.
* For the first attribute without an "=" key, any "<" and "<=" keys are
* marked SK_BT_REQFWD while any ">" and ">=" keys are marked SK_BT_REQBKWD.
* This can be seen to be correct by considering the above example. Note
* in particular that if there are no keys for a given attribute, the keys for
* subsequent attributes can never be required; for instance "WHERE y = 4"
* requires a full-index scan.
*
* If possible, redundant keys are eliminated: we keep only the tightest
* >/>= bound and the tightest </<= bound, and if there's an = key then
@ -203,8 +204,9 @@ _bt_formitem(IndexTuple itup)
* we could handle comparison of a RHS of the index datatype with a RHS of
* another type, but that seems too much pain for too little gain.) So,
* keys whose operator has a nondefault subtype (ie, its RHS is not of the
* index datatype) are ignored here, except for noting whether they impose
* an "=" condition or not.
* index datatype) are ignored here, except for noting whether they include
* an "=" condition or not. The logic about required keys still works if
* we don't eliminate redundant keys.
*
* As a byproduct of this work, we can detect contradictory quals such
* as "x = 1 AND x > 2". If we see that, we return so->quals_ok = FALSE,
@ -239,7 +241,6 @@ _bt_preprocess_keys(IndexScanDesc scan)
/* initialize result variables */
so->qual_ok = true;
so->numberOfKeys = 0;
so->numberOfRequiredKeys = 0;
scan->keys_are_unique = false;
if (numberOfKeys < 1)
@ -271,8 +272,27 @@ _bt_preprocess_keys(IndexScanDesc scan)
}
memcpy(outkeys, inkeys, sizeof(ScanKeyData));
so->numberOfKeys = 1;
if (cur->sk_attno == 1)
so->numberOfRequiredKeys = 1;
/* We can mark the qual as required if it's for first index col */
if (outkeys->sk_attno == 1)
{
switch (outkeys->sk_strategy)
{
case BTLessStrategyNumber:
case BTLessEqualStrategyNumber:
outkeys->sk_flags |= SK_BT_REQFWD;
break;
case BTEqualStrategyNumber:
outkeys->sk_flags |= (SK_BT_REQFWD | SK_BT_REQBKWD);
break;
case BTGreaterEqualStrategyNumber:
case BTGreaterStrategyNumber:
outkeys->sk_flags |= SK_BT_REQBKWD;
break;
default:
elog(ERROR, "unrecognized StrategyNumber: %d",
(int) outkeys->sk_strategy);
}
}
return;
}
@ -400,21 +420,40 @@ _bt_preprocess_keys(IndexScanDesc scan)
}
/*
* Emit the cleaned-up keys into the outkeys[] array.
* Emit the cleaned-up keys into the outkeys[] array, and then
* mark them if they are required. They are required (possibly
* only in one direction) if all attrs before this one had "=".
*/
for (j = BTMaxStrategyNumber; --j >= 0;)
{
if (xform[j])
memcpy(&outkeys[new_numberOfKeys++], xform[j],
sizeof(ScanKeyData));
}
{
ScanKey outkey = &outkeys[new_numberOfKeys++];
/*
* If all attrs before this one had "=", include these keys into
* the required-keys count.
*/
memcpy(outkey, xform[j], sizeof(ScanKeyData));
if (priorNumberOfEqualCols == attno - 1)
so->numberOfRequiredKeys = new_numberOfKeys;
{
switch (outkey->sk_strategy)
{
case BTLessStrategyNumber:
case BTLessEqualStrategyNumber:
outkey->sk_flags |= SK_BT_REQFWD;
break;
case BTEqualStrategyNumber:
outkey->sk_flags |= (SK_BT_REQFWD |
SK_BT_REQBKWD);
break;
case BTGreaterEqualStrategyNumber:
case BTGreaterStrategyNumber:
outkey->sk_flags |= SK_BT_REQBKWD;
break;
default:
elog(ERROR, "unrecognized StrategyNumber: %d",
(int) outkey->sk_strategy);
}
}
}
}
/*
* Exit loop here if done.
@ -578,8 +617,7 @@ _bt_checkkeys(IndexScanDesc scan,
* match" subset. On a backward scan, however, we should keep
* going.
*/
if (ikey < so->numberOfRequiredKeys &&
ScanDirectionIsForward(dir))
if ((key->sk_flags & SK_BT_REQFWD) && ScanDirectionIsForward(dir))
*continuescan = false;
/*
@ -593,45 +631,21 @@ _bt_checkkeys(IndexScanDesc scan,
if (!DatumGetBool(test))
{
/*
* Tuple fails this qual. If it's a required qual, then we may be
* able to conclude no further tuples will pass, either. We have
* to look at the scan direction and the qual type.
*
* Note: the only case in which we would keep going after failing
* a required qual is if there are partially-redundant quals that
* _bt_preprocess_keys() was unable to eliminate. For example,
* given "x > 4 AND x > 10" where both are cross-type comparisons
* and so not removable, we might start the scan at the x = 4
* boundary point. The "x > 10" condition will fail until we pass
* x = 10, but we must not stop the scan on its account.
* Tuple fails this qual. If it's a required qual for the current
* scan direction, then we can conclude no further tuples will
* pass, either.
*
* Note: because we stop the scan as soon as any required equality
* qual fails, it is critical that equality quals be used for the
* initial positioning in _bt_first() when they are available. See
* comments in _bt_first().
*/
if (ikey < so->numberOfRequiredKeys)
{
switch (key->sk_strategy)
{
case BTLessStrategyNumber:
case BTLessEqualStrategyNumber:
if (ScanDirectionIsForward(dir))
if ((key->sk_flags & SK_BT_REQFWD) &&
ScanDirectionIsForward(dir))
*continuescan = false;
break;
case BTEqualStrategyNumber:
else if ((key->sk_flags & SK_BT_REQBKWD) &&
ScanDirectionIsBackward(dir))
*continuescan = false;
break;
case BTGreaterEqualStrategyNumber:
case BTGreaterStrategyNumber:
if (ScanDirectionIsBackward(dir))
*continuescan = false;
break;
default:
elog(ERROR, "unrecognized StrategyNumber: %d",
key->sk_strategy);
}
}
/*
* In any case, this indextuple doesn't match the qual.

22
src/include/access/nbtree.h
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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
* Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2005, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
* Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
*
* $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/include/access/nbtree.h,v 1.89 2005/12/07 19:37:53 tgl Exp $
* $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/include/access/nbtree.h,v 1.90 2006/01/23 22:31:41 tgl Exp $
*
*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
@ -368,16 +368,15 @@ typedef BTStackData *BTStack;
/*
* BTScanOpaqueData is used to remember which buffers we're currently
* examining in the scan. We keep these buffers pinned (but not locked,
* see nbtree.c) and recorded in the opaque entry of the scan to avoid
* examining in an indexscan. Between calls to btgettuple or btgetmulti,
* we keep these buffers pinned (but not locked, see nbtree.c) to avoid
* doing a ReadBuffer() for every tuple in the index.
*
* And it's used to remember actual scankey info (we need it
* if some scankeys evaled at runtime).
* We also store preprocessed versions of the scan keys in this structure.
* See _bt_preprocess_keys() for details of the preprocessing.
*
* curHeapIptr & mrkHeapIptr are heap iptr-s from current/marked
* index tuples: we don't adjust scans on insertions (and, if LLL
* is ON, don't hold locks on index pages between passes) - we
* index tuples: we don't adjust scans on insertions - instead we
* use these pointers to restore index scan positions...
* - vadim 07/29/98
*/
@ -391,13 +390,18 @@ typedef struct BTScanOpaqueData
/* these fields are set by _bt_preprocess_keys(): */
bool qual_ok; /* false if qual can never be satisfied */
int numberOfKeys; /* number of preprocessed scan keys */
int numberOfRequiredKeys; /* number of keys that must be matched
* to continue the scan */
ScanKey keyData; /* array of preprocessed scan keys */
} BTScanOpaqueData;
typedef BTScanOpaqueData *BTScanOpaque;
/*
* We use these private sk_flags bits in preprocessed scan keys
*/
#define SK_BT_REQFWD 0x00010000 /* required to continue forward scan */
#define SK_BT_REQBKWD 0x00020000 /* required to continue backward scan */
/*
* prototypes for functions in nbtree.c (external entry points for btree)
*/

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