Copy editing: fix a bunch of misspellings and poor wording.

99% of this is docs, but also a couple of comments.  No code changes.

Justin Pryzby

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20200919175804.GE30557@telsasoft.com

doc/src/sgml/btree.sgml

@@ -642,7 +642,7 @@ options(<replaceable>relopts</replaceable> <type>local_relopts *</type>) returns
   </para>
   <para>
    Deduplication works by periodically merging groups of duplicate
-   tuples together, forming a single posting list tuple for each
+   tuples together, forming a single <firstterm>posting list</firstterm> tuple for each
    group.  The column key value(s) only appear once in this
    representation.  This is followed by a sorted array of
    <acronym>TID</acronym>s that point to rows in the table.  This

doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml

@@ -7298,7 +7298,8 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable>&lt;iteration count&gt;</replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
        of statistics accumulated for this statistics object by
        <xref linkend="sql-analyze"/>.
        A zero value indicates that no statistics should be collected.
-       A negative value says to use the system default statistics target.
+       A negative value says to use the maximum of the statistics targets of
+       the referenced columns, if set, or the system default statistics target.
        Positive values of <structfield>stxstattarget</structfield>
        determine the target number of <quote>most common values</quote>
        to collect.

doc/src/sgml/config.sgml

@@ -3813,7 +3813,7 @@ restore_command = 'copy "C:\\server\\archivedir\\%f" "%p"'  # Windows
         servers or streaming base backup clients (i.e., the maximum number of
         simultaneously running WAL sender processes). The default is
         <literal>10</literal>.  The value <literal>0</literal> means
-        replication is disabled.  Abrupt streaming client disconnection might
+        replication is disabled.  Abrupt disconnection of a streaming client might
         leave an orphaned connection slot behind until a timeout is reached,
         so this parameter should be set slightly higher than the maximum
         number of expected clients so disconnected clients can immediately
@@ -3902,9 +3902,9 @@ restore_command = 'copy "C:\\server\\archivedir\\%f" "%p"'  # Windows
         slots</link> are allowed to retain in the <filename>pg_wal</filename>
         directory at checkpoint time.
         If <varname>max_slot_wal_keep_size</varname> is -1 (the default),
-        replication slots retain unlimited amount of WAL files.  If
-        restart_lsn of a replication slot gets behind more than that megabytes
-        from the current LSN, the standby using the slot may no longer be able
+        replication slots may retain an unlimited amount of WAL files.  Otherwise, if
+        restart_lsn of a replication slot falls behind the current LSN by more
+        than the given size, the standby using the slot may no longer be able
         to continue replication due to removal of required WAL files. You
         can see the WAL availability of replication slots
         in <link linkend="view-pg-replication-slots">pg_replication_slots</link>.
@@ -6847,9 +6847,9 @@ log_line_prefix = '%m [%p] %q%u@%d/%a '
       </term>
       <listitem>
        <para>
-        If greater than zero, each bind parameter value reported in
-        non-error statement-logging messages is trimmed to this many bytes.
-        Zero disables logging bind parameters with statements.
+        If greater than zero, each bind parameter value logged with a
+        non-error statement-logging message is trimmed to this many bytes.
+        Zero disables logging of bind parameters for non-error statement logs.
         <literal>-1</literal> (the default) allows bind parameters to be
         logged in full.
         If this value is specified without units, it is taken as bytes.
@@ -8224,10 +8224,10 @@ COPY postgres_log FROM '/full/path/to/logfile.csv' WITH csv;
         a regular <command>VACUUM</command> in that it visits every page that might
         contain unfrozen XIDs or MXIDs, not just those that might contain dead
         tuples.  The default is 150 million transactions.  Although users can
-        set this value anywhere from zero to two billions, <command>VACUUM</command>
+        set this value anywhere from zero to two billion, <command>VACUUM</command>
         will silently limit the effective value to 95% of
         <xref linkend="guc-autovacuum-freeze-max-age"/>, so that a
-        periodical manual <command>VACUUM</command> has a chance to run before an
+        periodic manual <command>VACUUM</command> has a chance to run before an
         anti-wraparound autovacuum is launched for the table. For more
         information see
         <xref linkend="vacuum-for-wraparound"/>.
@@ -8271,10 +8271,10 @@ COPY postgres_log FROM '/full/path/to/logfile.csv' WITH csv;
         a regular <command>VACUUM</command> in that it visits every page that might
         contain unfrozen XIDs or MXIDs, not just those that might contain dead
         tuples.  The default is 150 million multixacts.
-        Although users can set this value anywhere from zero to two billions,
+        Although users can set this value anywhere from zero to two billion,
         <command>VACUUM</command> will silently limit the effective value to 95% of
         <xref linkend="guc-autovacuum-multixact-freeze-max-age"/>, so that a
-        periodical manual <command>VACUUM</command> has a chance to run before an
+        periodic manual <command>VACUUM</command> has a chance to run before an
         anti-wraparound is launched for the table.
         For more information see <xref linkend="vacuum-for-multixact-wraparound"/>.
        </para>

doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml

@@ -3992,7 +3992,7 @@ ALTER TABLE measurement ATTACH PARTITION measurement_y2008m02
      Before running the <command>ATTACH PARTITION</command> command, it is
      recommended to create a <literal>CHECK</literal> constraint on the table to
      be attached matching the desired partition constraint. That way,
-     the system will be able to skip the scan to validate the implicit
+     the system will be able to skip the scan which is otherwise needed to validate the implicit
      partition constraint. Without the <literal>CHECK</literal> constraint,
      the table will be scanned to validate the partition constraint while
      holding an <literal>ACCESS EXCLUSIVE</literal> lock on that partition

doc/src/sgml/libpq.sgml

@@ -1227,7 +1227,7 @@ postgresql://%2Fvar%2Flib%2Fpostgresql/dbname
       <term><literal>connect_timeout</literal></term>
       <listitem>
       <para>
-       Maximum wait for connection, in seconds (write as a decimal integer,
+       Maximum time to wait while connecting, in seconds (write as a decimal integer,
        e.g., <literal>10</literal>).  Zero, negative, or not specified means
        wait indefinitely.  The minimum allowed timeout is 2 seconds, therefore
        a value of <literal>1</literal> is interpreted as <literal>2</literal>.

doc/src/sgml/logical-replication.sgml

@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@
    <listitem>
     <para>
      Replication is only supported by tables, including partitioned tables.
-     Attempts to replicate other types of relations such as views, materialized
+     Attempts to replicate other types of relations, such as views, materialized
      views, or foreign tables, will result in an error.
     </para>
    </listitem>

doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml

@@ -6089,8 +6089,8 @@ SELECT pg_stat_get_backend_pid(s.backendid) AS pid,
       <entry><literal>waiting for checkpoint to finish</literal></entry>
       <entry>
        The WAL sender process is currently performing
-       <function>pg_start_backup</function> to set up for
-       taking a base backup, and waiting for backup start
+       <function>pg_start_backup</function> to prepare to
+       take a base backup, and waiting for the start-of-backup
        checkpoint to finish.
       </entry>
      </row>

doc/src/sgml/protocol.sgml

@@ -2587,7 +2587,7 @@ The commands accepted in replication mode are:
           and sent along with the backup.  The manifest is a list of every
           file present in the backup with the exception of any WAL files that
           may be included. It also stores the size, last modification time, and
-          an optional checksum for each file.
+          optionally a checksum for each file.
           A value of <literal>force-encode</literal> forces all filenames
           to be hex-encoded; otherwise, this type of encoding is performed only
           for files whose names are non-UTF8 octet sequences.
@@ -2603,7 +2603,7 @@ The commands accepted in replication mode are:
         <term><literal>MANIFEST_CHECKSUMS</literal> <replaceable>checksum_algorithm</replaceable></term>
         <listitem>
          <para>
-          Specifies the algorithm that should be applied to each file included
+          Specifies the checksum algorithm that should be applied to each file included
           in the backup manifest. Currently, the available
           algorithms are <literal>NONE</literal>, <literal>CRC32C</literal>,
           <literal>SHA224</literal>, <literal>SHA256</literal>,

doc/src/sgml/ref/alter_statistics.sgml

@@ -101,7 +101,8 @@ ALTER STATISTICS <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> SET STATISTIC
         The statistic-gathering target for this statistics object for subsequent
         <xref linkend="sql-analyze"/> operations.
         The target can be set in the range 0 to 10000; alternatively, set it
-        to -1 to revert to using the system default statistics
+        to -1 to revert to using the maximum of the statistics target of the
+        referenced columns, if set, or the system default statistics
         target (<xref linkend="guc-default-statistics-target"/>).
         For more information on the use of statistics by the
         <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> query planner, refer to

doc/src/sgml/ref/alter_table.sgml

@@ -669,7 +669,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
       When applied to a partitioned table, nothing is moved, but any
       partitions created afterwards with
       <command>CREATE TABLE PARTITION OF</command> will use that tablespace,
-      unless the <literal>TABLESPACE</literal> clause is used to override it.
+      unless overridden by a <literal>TABLESPACE</literal> clause.
      </para>
 
      <para>

doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml

@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
    </para>
    <para>
     The following command-line options control the generation of the
-    backup and the running of the program:
+    backup and the invocation of the program:
 
     <variablelist>
      <varlistentry>
@@ -540,7 +540,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
         of each file for users who wish to verify that the backup has not been
         tampered with, while the CRC32C algorithm provides a checksum that is
         much faster to calculate; it is good at catching errors due to accidental
-        changes but is not resistant to targeted modifications.  Note that, to
+        changes but is not resistant to malicious modifications.  Note that, to
         be useful against an adversary who has access to the backup, the backup
         manifest would need to be stored securely elsewhere or otherwise
         verified not to have been modified since the backup was taken.

doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml

@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       <listitem>
        <para>
         Run the dump in parallel by dumping <replaceable class="parameter">njobs</replaceable>
-        tables simultaneously. This option reduces the time of the dump but it also
+        tables simultaneously. This option may reduce the time needed to perform the dump but it also
         increases the load on the database server. You can only use this option with the
         directory output format because this is the only output format where multiple processes
         can write their data at the same time.

doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_rewind.sgml

@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
         <command>pg_rewind</command> to return without waiting, which is
         faster, but means that a subsequent operating system crash can leave
         the synchronized data directory corrupt.  Generally, this option is
-        useful for testing but should not be used when creating a production
+        useful for testing but should not be used on a production
         installation.
        </para>
       </listitem>
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ GRANT EXECUTE ON function pg_catalog.pg_read_binary_file(text, bigint, bigint, b
   <para>
    When executing <application>pg_rewind</application> using an online
    cluster as source which has been recently promoted, it is necessary
-   to execute a <command>CHECKPOINT</command> after promotion so as its
+   to execute a <command>CHECKPOINT</command> after promotion such that its
    control file reflects up-to-date timeline information, which is used by
    <application>pg_rewind</application> to check if the target cluster
    can be rewound using the designated source cluster.

doc/src/sgml/ref/pgbench.sgml

@@ -812,8 +812,8 @@ pgbench <optional> <replaceable>options</replaceable> </optional> <replaceable>d
   <title>Common Options</title>
 
    <para>
-    <application>pgbench</application> accepts the following command-line
-    common arguments:
+    <application>pgbench</application> also accepts the following common command-line
+    arguments for connection parameters:
 
     <variablelist>
 

doc/src/sgml/ref/reindex.sgml

@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ REINDEX [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">option</replaceable> [, ...] ) ] { IN
   <para>
    Reindexing a single index or table requires being the owner of that
    index or table.  Reindexing a schema or database requires being the
-   owner of that schema or database.  Note that is therefore sometimes
+   owner of that schema or database.  Note specifically that it's thus
    possible for non-superusers to rebuild indexes of tables owned by
    other users.  However, as a special exception, when
    <command>REINDEX DATABASE</command>, <command>REINDEX SCHEMA</command>

doc/src/sgml/ref/reindexdb.sgml

@@ -174,8 +174,8 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
        <para>
         Execute the reindex commands in parallel by running
         <replaceable class="parameter">njobs</replaceable>
-        commands simultaneously.  This option reduces the time of the
-        processing but it also increases the load on the database server.
+        commands simultaneously.  This option may reduce the processing time
+        but it also increases the load on the database server.
        </para>
        <para>
         <application>reindexdb</application> will open

doc/src/sgml/ref/vacuumdb.sgml

@@ -155,8 +155,8 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
        <para>
         Execute the vacuum or analyze commands in parallel by running
         <replaceable class="parameter">njobs</replaceable>
-        commands simultaneously.  This option reduces the time of the
-        processing but it also increases the load on the database server.
+        commands simultaneously.  This option may reduce the processing time
+        but it also increases the load on the database server.
        </para>
        <para>
         <application>vacuumdb</application> will open

doc/src/sgml/runtime.sgml

@@ -2575,7 +2575,7 @@ openssl x509 -req -in server.csr -text -days 365 \
    <para>
     The <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> server will listen for both
     normal and <acronym>GSSAPI</acronym>-encrypted connections on the same TCP
-    port, and will negotiate with any connecting client on whether to
+    port, and will negotiate with any connecting client whether to
     use <acronym>GSSAPI</acronym> for encryption (and for authentication).  By
     default, this decision is up to the client (which means it can be
     downgraded by an attacker); see <xref linkend="auth-pg-hba-conf"/> about

doc/src/sgml/sources.sgml

@@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ Hint:       the addendum
    <title>Use of Quotes</title>
 
    <para>
-    Use quotes always to delimit file names, user-supplied identifiers, and
+    Always use quotes to delimit file names, user-supplied identifiers, and
     other variables that might contain words.  Do not use them to mark up
     variables that will not contain words (for example, operator names).
    </para>

src/backend/access/gin/README

@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ leftmost leaf of the tree.
 Deletion algorithm keeps exclusive locks on left siblings of pages comprising
 currently investigated path.  Thus, if current page is to be removed, all
 required pages to remove both downlink and rightlink are already locked.  That
-evades potential right to left page locking order, which could deadlock with
+avoids potential right to left page locking order, which could deadlock with
 concurrent stepping right.
 
 A search concurrent to page deletion might already have read a pointer to the

src/backend/utils/adt/jsonpath_exec.c

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
  * executeItemOptUnwrapTarget() function have 'unwrap' argument, which indicates
  * whether unwrapping of array is needed.  When unwrap == true, each of array
  * members is passed to executeItemOptUnwrapTarget() again but with unwrap == false
- * in order to evade subsequent array unwrapping.
+ * in order to avoid subsequent array unwrapping.
  *
  * All boolean expressions (predicates) are evaluated by executeBoolItem()
  * function, which returns tri-state JsonPathBool.  When error is occurred

src/test/regress/expected/partition_join.out

@@ -4567,7 +4567,7 @@ ANALYZE plt3_adv;
 -- This tests that when merging partitions from plt1_adv and plt2_adv in
 -- merge_list_bounds(), process_outer_partition() returns an already-assigned
 -- merged partition when re-called with plt1_adv_p1 for the second list value
--- '0001' of that partitin
+-- '0001' of that partition
 EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
 SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c, t3.a, t3.c FROM (plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.c = t2.c)) FULL JOIN plt3_adv t3 ON (t1.c = t3.c) WHERE coalesce(t1.a, 0) % 5 != 3 AND coalesce(t1.a, 0) % 5 != 4 ORDER BY t1.c, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a;
                                           QUERY PLAN                                           

src/test/regress/sql/partition_join.sql

@@ -1090,7 +1090,7 @@ ANALYZE plt3_adv;
 -- This tests that when merging partitions from plt1_adv and plt2_adv in
 -- merge_list_bounds(), process_outer_partition() returns an already-assigned
 -- merged partition when re-called with plt1_adv_p1 for the second list value
--- '0001' of that partitin
+-- '0001' of that partition
 EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
 SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c, t3.a, t3.c FROM (plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.c = t2.c)) FULL JOIN plt3_adv t3 ON (t1.c = t3.c) WHERE coalesce(t1.a, 0) % 5 != 3 AND coalesce(t1.a, 0) % 5 != 4 ORDER BY t1.c, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a;
 SELECT t1.a, t1.c, t2.a, t2.c, t3.a, t3.c FROM (plt1_adv t1 LEFT JOIN plt2_adv t2 ON (t1.c = t2.c)) FULL JOIN plt3_adv t3 ON (t1.c = t3.c) WHERE coalesce(t1.a, 0) % 5 != 3 AND coalesce(t1.a, 0) % 5 != 4 ORDER BY t1.c, t1.a, t2.a, t3.a;