ci: Upgrade macOS version from 13 to 14.

1.  Previously we were using ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-XXX-base:latest
images, but Cirrus has started ignoring that and using a particular
image, currently ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-runner:sonoma, for github
accounts using free CI resources (as opposed to dedicated runner
machines, as cfbot uses).  Let's just ask for that image anyway, to stay
in sync.

2.  Instead of hard-coding a MacPorts installation URL, deduce it from
the running macOS version and the available releases.  This removes the
need to keep the ci_macports_packages.sh in sync with .cirrus.task.yml,
and to advance the MacPorts version from time to time.

3.  Change the cache key we use to cache the whole macports installation
across builds to include the OS major version, to trigger a fresh
installation when appropriate.

Back-patch to 15 where CI began.

Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA%2BhUKGLqJdv6RcwyZ_0H7khxtLTNJyuK%2BvDFzv3uwYbn8hKH6A%40mail.gmail.com

.cirrus.tasks.yml

@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ task:
 
 
 task:
-  name: macOS - Ventura - Meson
+  name: macOS - Sonoma - Meson
 
   env:
     CPUS: 4 # always get that much for cirrusci macOS instances
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ task:
     # work OK. See
     # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
     TEST_JOBS: 8
-    IMAGE: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-ventura-base:latest
+    IMAGE: ghcr.io/cirruslabs/macos-runner:sonoma
 
     CIRRUS_WORKING_DIR: ${HOME}/pgsql/
     CCACHE_DIR: ${HOME}/ccache
@@ -462,6 +462,11 @@ task:
   # updates macports every time.
   macports_cache:
     folder: ${MACPORTS_CACHE}
+    fingerprint_script: |
+      # Include the OS major version in the cache key.  If the OS image changes
+      # to a different major version, we need to reinstall.
+      sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//'
+    reupload_on_changes: true
   setup_additional_packages_script: |
     sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh \
       ccache \

src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh

@@ -13,7 +13,19 @@ set -e
 
 packages="$@"
 
-macports_url="https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v2.8.1/MacPorts-2.8.1-13-Ventura.pkg"
+macos_major_version="` sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//' `"
+echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
+
+# Scan the avialable MacPorts releases to find the latest one for the
+# running macOS release.  By default we assume the first match is the most
+# recent MacPorts version but that can be changed below if it turns out to be
+# problematic or a particular MacPorts release turns out to be broken.
+macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases"
+macports_version_pattern=".*"
+#macports_version_pattern="2\.9\.3"
+macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$macports_version_pattern-$macos_major_version-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
 if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then