Allow no-op GiST support functions to be omitted.

There are common use-cases in which the compress and/or decompress
functions can be omitted, with the result being that we make no
data transformation when storing or retrieving index values.
Previously, you had to provide a no-op function anyway, but this
patch allows such opclass support functions to be omitted.

Furthermore, if the compress function is omitted, then the core code
knows that the stored representation is the same as the original data.
This means we can allow index-only scans without requiring a fetch
function to be provided either.  Previously you had to provide a
no-op fetch function if you wanted IOS to work.

This reportedly provides a small performance benefit in such cases,
but IMO the real reason for doing it is just to reduce the amount of
useless boilerplate code that has to be written for GiST opclasses.

Andrey Borodin, reviewed by Dmitriy Sarafannikov

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAJEAwVELVx9gYscpE=Be6iJxvdW5unZ_LkcAaVNSeOwvdwtD=A@mail.gmail.com

doc/src/sgml/gist.sgml

@@ -267,14 +267,14 @@ CREATE INDEX ON my_table USING GIST (my_inet_column inet_ops);
   </para>
 
  <para>
-   There are seven methods that an index operator class for
+   There are five methods that an index operator class for
-   <acronym>GiST</acronym> must provide, and two that are optional.
+   <acronym>GiST</acronym> must provide, and four that are optional.
    Correctness of the index is ensured
    by proper implementation of the <function>same</>, <function>consistent</>
    and <function>union</> methods, while efficiency (size and speed) of the
    index will depend on the <function>penalty</> and <function>picksplit</>
    methods.
-   The remaining two basic methods are <function>compress</> and
+   Two optional methods are <function>compress</> and
    <function>decompress</>, which allow an index to have internal tree data of
    a different type than the data it indexes. The leaves are to be of the
    indexed data type, while the other tree nodes can be of any C struct (but
@@ -285,7 +285,8 @@ CREATE INDEX ON my_table USING GIST (my_inet_column inet_ops);
    The optional eighth method is <function>distance</>, which is needed
    if the operator class wishes to support ordered scans (nearest-neighbor
    searches). The optional ninth method <function>fetch</> is needed if the
-   operator class wishes to support index-only scans.
+   operator class wishes to support index-only scans, except when the
+   <function>compress</> method is omitted.
  </para>
 
  <variablelist>
@@ -468,8 +469,10 @@ my_union(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
      <term><function>compress</></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Converts the data item into a format suitable for physical storage in
+       Converts a data item into a format suitable for physical storage in
        an index page.
+       If the <function>compress</> method is omitted, data items are stored
+       in the index without modification.
       </para>
 
       <para>
@@ -527,9 +530,17 @@ my_compress(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
      <term><function>decompress</></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       The reverse of the <function>compress</function> method.  Converts the
+       Converts the stored representation of a data item into a format that
-       index representation of the data item into a format that can be
+       can be manipulated by the other GiST methods in the operator class.
-       manipulated by the other GiST methods in the operator class.
+       If the <function>decompress</> method is omitted, it is assumed that
+       the other GiST methods can work directly on the stored data format.
+       (<function>decompress</> is not necessarily the reverse of
+       the <function>compress</function> method; in particular,
+       if <function>compress</function> is lossy then it's impossible
+       for <function>decompress</> to exactly reconstruct the original
+       data.  <function>decompress</> is not necessarily equivalent
+       to <function>fetch</>, either, since the other GiST methods might not
+       require full reconstruction of the data.)
       </para>
 
       <para>
@@ -555,7 +566,8 @@ my_decompress(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 </programlisting>
 
         The above skeleton is suitable for the case where no decompression
-        is needed.
+        is needed.  (But, of course, omitting the method altogether is even
+        easier, and is recommended in such cases.)
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>
@@ -883,7 +895,9 @@ LANGUAGE C STRICT;
         struct, whose <structfield>key</> field contains the same datum in its
         original, uncompressed form. If the opclass's compress function does
         nothing for leaf entries, the <function>fetch</> method can return the
-        argument as-is.
+        argument as-is.  Or, if the opclass does not have a compress function,
+        the <function>fetch</> method can be omitted as well, since it would
+        necessarily be a no-op.
        </para>
 
        <para>

src/backend/access/gist/gist.c

@@ -1453,12 +1453,23 @@ initGISTstate(Relation index)
 		fmgr_info_copy(&(giststate->unionFn[i]),
 					   index_getprocinfo(index, i + 1, GIST_UNION_PROC),
 					   scanCxt);
+
+		/* opclasses are not required to provide a Compress method */
+		if (OidIsValid(index_getprocid(index, i + 1, GIST_COMPRESS_PROC)))
 			fmgr_info_copy(&(giststate->compressFn[i]),
 						   index_getprocinfo(index, i + 1, GIST_COMPRESS_PROC),
 						   scanCxt);
+		else
+			giststate->compressFn[i].fn_oid = InvalidOid;
+
+		/* opclasses are not required to provide a Decompress method */
+		if (OidIsValid(index_getprocid(index, i + 1, GIST_DECOMPRESS_PROC)))
 			fmgr_info_copy(&(giststate->decompressFn[i]),
 						   index_getprocinfo(index, i + 1, GIST_DECOMPRESS_PROC),
 						   scanCxt);
+		else
+			giststate->decompressFn[i].fn_oid = InvalidOid;
+
 		fmgr_info_copy(&(giststate->penaltyFn[i]),
 					   index_getprocinfo(index, i + 1, GIST_PENALTY_PROC),
 					   scanCxt);
@@ -1468,6 +1479,7 @@ initGISTstate(Relation index)
 		fmgr_info_copy(&(giststate->equalFn[i]),
 					   index_getprocinfo(index, i + 1, GIST_EQUAL_PROC),
 					   scanCxt);
+
 		/* opclasses are not required to provide a Distance method */
 		if (OidIsValid(index_getprocid(index, i + 1, GIST_DISTANCE_PROC)))
 			fmgr_info_copy(&(giststate->distanceFn[i]),

src/backend/access/gist/gistget.c

@@ -801,11 +801,13 @@ gistgetbitmap(IndexScanDesc scan, TIDBitmap *tbm)
  * Can we do index-only scans on the given index column?
  *
  * Opclasses that implement a fetch function support index-only scans.
+ * Opclasses without compression functions also support index-only scans.
  */
 bool
 gistcanreturn(Relation index, int attno)
 {
-	if (OidIsValid(index_getprocid(index, attno, GIST_FETCH_PROC)))
+	if (OidIsValid(index_getprocid(index, attno, GIST_FETCH_PROC)) ||
+		!OidIsValid(index_getprocid(index, attno, GIST_COMPRESS_PROC)))
 		return true;
 	else
 		return false;

src/backend/access/gist/gistutil.c

@@ -550,6 +550,11 @@ gistdentryinit(GISTSTATE *giststate, int nkey, GISTENTRY *e,
 		GISTENTRY  *dep;
 
 		gistentryinit(*e, k, r, pg, o, l);
+
+		/* there may not be a decompress function in opclass */
+		if (!OidIsValid(giststate->decompressFn[nkey].fn_oid))
+			return;
+
 		dep = (GISTENTRY *)
 			DatumGetPointer(FunctionCall1Coll(&giststate->decompressFn[nkey],
 											  giststate->supportCollation[nkey],
@@ -585,10 +590,14 @@ gistFormTuple(GISTSTATE *giststate, Relation r,
 
 			gistentryinit(centry, attdata[i], r, NULL, (OffsetNumber) 0,
 						  isleaf);
+			/* there may not be a compress function in opclass */
+			if (OidIsValid(giststate->compressFn[i].fn_oid))
 				cep = (GISTENTRY *)
 					DatumGetPointer(FunctionCall1Coll(&giststate->compressFn[i],
 													  giststate->supportCollation[i],
 													  PointerGetDatum(&centry)));
+			else
+				cep = &centry;
 			compatt[i] = cep->key;
 		}
 	}
@@ -648,6 +657,17 @@ gistFetchTuple(GISTSTATE *giststate, Relation r, IndexTuple tuple)
 			else
 				fetchatt[i] = (Datum) 0;
 		}
+		else if (giststate->compressFn[i].fn_oid == InvalidOid)
+		{
+			/*
+			 * If opclass does not provide compress method that could change
+			 * original value, att is necessarily stored in original form.
+			 */
+			if (!isnull[i])
+				fetchatt[i] = datum;
+			else
+				fetchatt[i] = (Datum) 0;
+		}
 		else
 		{
 			/*
@@ -934,6 +954,20 @@ gistproperty(Oid index_oid, int attno,
 								 ObjectIdGetDatum(opcintype),
 								 ObjectIdGetDatum(opcintype),
 								 Int16GetDatum(procno));
+
+	/*
+	 * Special case: even without a fetch function, AMPROP_RETURNABLE is true
+	 * if the opclass has no compress function.
+	 */
+	if (prop == AMPROP_RETURNABLE && !*res)
+	{
+		*res = !SearchSysCacheExists4(AMPROCNUM,
+									  ObjectIdGetDatum(opfamily),
+									  ObjectIdGetDatum(opcintype),
+									  ObjectIdGetDatum(opcintype),
+									  Int16GetDatum(GIST_COMPRESS_PROC));
+	}
+
 	return true;
 }
 

src/backend/access/gist/gistvalidate.c

@@ -258,7 +258,8 @@ gistvalidate(Oid opclassoid)
 		if (opclassgroup &&
 			(opclassgroup->functionset & (((uint64) 1) << i)) != 0)
 			continue;			/* got it */
-		if (i == GIST_DISTANCE_PROC || i == GIST_FETCH_PROC)
+		if (i == GIST_DISTANCE_PROC || i == GIST_FETCH_PROC ||
+			i == GIST_COMPRESS_PROC || i == GIST_DECOMPRESS_PROC)
 			continue;			/* optional methods */
 		ereport(INFO,
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_OBJECT_DEFINITION),