Use multi-variate MCV lists to estimate ScalarArrayOpExpr

Commit 8f321bd16c added support for estimating ScalarArrayOpExpr clauses
(IN/ANY) clauses using functional dependencies. There's no good reason
not to support estimation of these clauses using multi-variate MCV lists
too, so this commits implements that. That makes the behavior consistent
and MCV lists can estimate all variants (ANY/ALL, inequalities, ...).

Author: Tomas Vondra
Review: Dean Rasheed
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/13902317.Eha0YfKkKy%40pierred-pdoc

src/backend/statistics/extended_stats.c

@@ -994,7 +994,63 @@ statext_is_compatible_clause_internal(PlannerInfo *root, Node *clause,
 			return false;
 
 		/* Check if the expression the right shape (one Var, one Const) */
-		if (!examine_opclause_expression(expr, &var, NULL, NULL))
+		if (!examine_clause_args(expr->args, &var, NULL, NULL))
+			return false;
+
+		/*
+		 * If it's not one of the supported operators ("=", "<", ">", etc.),
+		 * just ignore the clause, as it's not compatible with MCV lists.
+		 *
+		 * This uses the function for estimating selectivity, not the operator
+		 * directly (a bit awkward, but well ...).
+		 */
+		switch (get_oprrest(expr->opno))
+		{
+			case F_EQSEL:
+			case F_NEQSEL:
+			case F_SCALARLTSEL:
+			case F_SCALARLESEL:
+			case F_SCALARGTSEL:
+			case F_SCALARGESEL:
+				/* supported, will continue with inspection of the Var */
+				break;
+
+			default:
+				/* other estimators are considered unknown/unsupported */
+				return false;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * If there are any securityQuals on the RTE from security barrier
+		 * views or RLS policies, then the user may not have access to all the
+		 * table's data, and we must check that the operator is leak-proof.
+		 *
+		 * If the operator is leaky, then we must ignore this clause for the
+		 * purposes of estimating with MCV lists, otherwise the operator might
+		 * reveal values from the MCV list that the user doesn't have
+		 * permission to see.
+		 */
+		if (rte->securityQuals != NIL &&
+			!get_func_leakproof(get_opcode(expr->opno)))
+			return false;
+
+		return statext_is_compatible_clause_internal(root, (Node *) var,
+													 relid, attnums);
+	}
+
+	/* Var IN Array */
+	if (IsA(clause, ScalarArrayOpExpr))
+	{
+		RangeTblEntry	   *rte = root->simple_rte_array[relid];
+		ScalarArrayOpExpr  *expr = (ScalarArrayOpExpr *) clause;
+		Var		   *var;
+
+		/* Only expressions with two arguments are considered compatible. */
+		if (list_length(expr->args) != 2)
+			return false;
+
+		/* Check if the expression the right shape (one Var, one Const) */
+		if (!examine_clause_args(expr->args, &var, NULL, NULL))
 			return false;
 
 		/*
@@ -1396,7 +1452,7 @@ statext_clauselist_selectivity(PlannerInfo *root, List *clauses, int varRelid,
  * on which side of the operator we found the Var node.
  */
 bool
-examine_opclause_expression(OpExpr *expr, Var **varp, Const **cstp, bool *varonleftp)
+examine_clause_args(List *args, Var **varp, Const **cstp, bool *varonleftp)
 {
 	Var	   *var;
 	Const  *cst;
@@ -1405,10 +1461,10 @@ examine_opclause_expression(OpExpr *expr, Var **varp, Const **cstp, bool *varonl
 		   *rightop;
 
 	/* enforced by statext_is_compatible_clause_internal */
-	Assert(list_length(expr->args) == 2);
+	Assert(list_length(args) == 2);
 
-	leftop = linitial(expr->args);
-	rightop = lsecond(expr->args);
+	leftop = linitial(args);
+	rightop = lsecond(args);
 
 	/* strip RelabelType from either side of the expression */
 	if (IsA(leftop, RelabelType))

src/backend/statistics/mcv.c

@@ -1579,7 +1579,7 @@ mcv_get_match_bitmap(PlannerInfo *root, List *clauses,
 			OpExpr	   *expr = (OpExpr *) clause;
 			FmgrInfo	opproc;
 
-			/* valid only after examine_opclause_expression returns true */
+			/* valid only after examine_clause_args returns true */
 			Var		   *var;
 			Const	   *cst;
 			bool		varonleft;
@@ -1587,7 +1587,7 @@ mcv_get_match_bitmap(PlannerInfo *root, List *clauses,
 			fmgr_info(get_opcode(expr->opno), &opproc);
 
 			/* extract the var and const from the expression */
-			if (examine_opclause_expression(expr, &var, &cst, &varonleft))
+			if (examine_clause_args(expr->args, &var, &cst, &varonleft))
 			{
 				int			idx;
 
@@ -1652,6 +1652,113 @@ mcv_get_match_bitmap(PlannerInfo *root, List *clauses,
 				}
 			}
 		}
+		else if (IsA(clause, ScalarArrayOpExpr))
+		{
+			ScalarArrayOpExpr   *expr = (ScalarArrayOpExpr *) clause;
+			FmgrInfo	opproc;
+
+			/* valid only after examine_clause_args returns true */
+			Var		   *var;
+			Const	   *cst;
+			bool		varonleft;
+
+			fmgr_info(get_opcode(expr->opno), &opproc);
+
+			/* extract the var and const from the expression */
+			if (examine_clause_args(expr->args, &var, &cst, &varonleft))
+			{
+				int			idx;
+
+				ArrayType  *arrayval;
+				int16		elmlen;
+				bool		elmbyval;
+				char		elmalign;
+				int			num_elems;
+				Datum	   *elem_values;
+				bool	   *elem_nulls;
+
+				/* ScalarArrayOpExpr has the Var always on the left */
+				Assert(varonleft);
+
+				if (!cst->constisnull)
+				{
+					arrayval = DatumGetArrayTypeP(cst->constvalue);
+					get_typlenbyvalalign(ARR_ELEMTYPE(arrayval),
+										 &elmlen, &elmbyval, &elmalign);
+					deconstruct_array(arrayval,
+									  ARR_ELEMTYPE(arrayval),
+									  elmlen, elmbyval, elmalign,
+									  &elem_values, &elem_nulls, &num_elems);
+				}
+
+				/* match the attribute to a dimension of the statistic */
+				idx = bms_member_index(keys, var->varattno);
+
+				/*
+				 * Walk through the MCV items and evaluate the current clause.
+				 * We can skip items that were already ruled out, and
+				 * terminate if there are no remaining MCV items that might
+				 * possibly match.
+				 */
+				for (i = 0; i < mcvlist->nitems; i++)
+				{
+					int			j;
+					bool		match = (expr->useOr ? false : true);
+					MCVItem    *item = &mcvlist->items[i];
+
+					/*
+					 * When the MCV item or the Const value is NULL we can treat
+					 * this as a mismatch. We must not call the operator because
+					 * of strictness.
+					 */
+					if (item->isnull[idx] || cst->constisnull)
+					{
+						matches[i] = RESULT_MERGE(matches[i], is_or, false);
+						continue;
+					}
+
+					/*
+					 * Skip MCV items that can't change result in the bitmap.
+					 * Once the value gets false for AND-lists, or true for
+					 * OR-lists, we don't need to look at more clauses.
+					 */
+					if (RESULT_IS_FINAL(matches[i], is_or))
+						continue;
+
+					for (j = 0; j < num_elems; j++)
+					{
+						Datum	elem_value = elem_values[j];
+						bool	elem_isnull = elem_nulls[j];
+						bool	elem_match;
+
+						/* NULL values always evaluate as not matching. */
+						if (elem_isnull)
+						{
+							match = RESULT_MERGE(match, expr->useOr, false);
+							continue;
+						}
+
+						/*
+						 * Stop evaluating the array elements once we reach
+						 * match value that can't change - ALL() is the same
+						 * as AND-list, ANY() is the same as OR-list.
+						 */
+						if (RESULT_IS_FINAL(match, expr->useOr))
+							break;
+
+						elem_match = DatumGetBool(FunctionCall2Coll(&opproc,
+																	var->varcollid,
+																	item->values[idx],
+																	elem_value));
+
+						match = RESULT_MERGE(match, expr->useOr, elem_match);
+					}
+
+					/* update the match bitmap with the result */
+					matches[i] = RESULT_MERGE(matches[i], is_or, match);
+				}
+			}
+		}
 		else if (IsA(clause, NullTest))
 		{
 			NullTest   *expr = (NullTest *) clause;

src/include/statistics/extended_stats_internal.h

@@ -96,8 +96,8 @@ extern SortItem *build_sorted_items(int numrows, int *nitems, HeapTuple *rows,
 									TupleDesc tdesc, MultiSortSupport mss,
 									int numattrs, AttrNumber *attnums);
 
-extern bool examine_opclause_expression(OpExpr *expr, Var **varp,
-										Const **cstp, bool *varonleftp);
+extern bool examine_clause_args(List *args, Var **varp,
+								Const **cstp, bool *varonleftp);
 
 extern Selectivity mcv_clauselist_selectivity(PlannerInfo *root,
 											  StatisticExtInfo *stat,

src/test/regress/expected/stats_ext.out

@@ -827,6 +827,36 @@ SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = 1 OR b = '
        343 |    200
 (1 row)
 
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a IN (1, 2, 51, 52) AND b IN ( ''1'', ''2'')');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         8 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 51, 52]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         8 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a <= ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 3]) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'', ''3'')');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        26 |    150
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a < ALL (ARRAY[4, 5]) AND c > ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 3])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+        10 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a < ALL (ARRAY[4, 5]) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'', ''3'') AND c > ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 3])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+         1 |    100
+(1 row)
+
 -- create statistics
 CREATE STATISTICS mcv_lists_stats (mcv) ON a, b, c FROM mcv_lists;
 ANALYZE mcv_lists;
@@ -872,6 +902,36 @@ SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = 1 OR b = '
        200 |    200
 (1 row)
 
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a IN (1, 2, 51, 52) AND b IN ( ''1'', ''2'')');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       200 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 51, 52]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       200 |    200
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a <= ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 3]) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'', ''3'')');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       150 |    150
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a < ALL (ARRAY[4, 5]) AND c > ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 3])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |    100
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a < ALL (ARRAY[4, 5]) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'', ''3'') AND c > ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 3])');
+ estimated | actual 
+-----------+--------
+       100 |    100
+(1 row)
+
 -- we can't use the statistic for OR clauses that are not fully covered (missing 'd' attribute)
 SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = 1 OR b = ''1'' OR c = 1 OR d IS NOT NULL');
  estimated | actual 

src/test/regress/sql/stats_ext.sql

@@ -461,6 +461,16 @@ SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = 1 OR b = '
 
 SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = 1 OR b = ''1'' OR c = 1 OR d IS NOT NULL');
 
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a IN (1, 2, 51, 52) AND b IN ( ''1'', ''2'')');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 51, 52]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a <= ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 3]) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'', ''3'')');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a < ALL (ARRAY[4, 5]) AND c > ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 3])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a < ALL (ARRAY[4, 5]) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'', ''3'') AND c > ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 3])');
+
 -- create statistics
 CREATE STATISTICS mcv_lists_stats (mcv) ON a, b, c FROM mcv_lists;
 
@@ -480,6 +490,16 @@ SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a <= 4 AND b <
 
 SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = 1 OR b = ''1'' OR c = 1');
 
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a IN (1, 2, 51, 52) AND b IN ( ''1'', ''2'')');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 51, 52]) AND b = ANY (ARRAY[''1'', ''2''])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a <= ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 3]) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'', ''3'')');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a < ALL (ARRAY[4, 5]) AND c > ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 3])');
+
+SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a < ALL (ARRAY[4, 5]) AND b IN (''1'', ''2'', ''3'') AND c > ANY (ARRAY[1, 2, 3])');
+
 -- we can't use the statistic for OR clauses that are not fully covered (missing 'd' attribute)
 SELECT * FROM check_estimated_rows('SELECT * FROM mcv_lists WHERE a = 1 OR b = ''1'' OR c = 1 OR d IS NOT NULL');