Add test for temporal referential integrity

This commit adds an isolation test showing that temporal foreign keys do
not permit referential integrity violations under concurrency, like
fk-snapshot-2.  You can show that the test fails by passing false for
detectNewRows to ri_PerformCheck in ri_restrict.

Author: Paul Jungwirth <pj@illuminatedcomputing.com>
Reviewed-by: Rustam ALLAKOV <rustamallakov@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Dean Rasheed <dean.a.rasheed@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA+renyUp=xja80rBaB6NpY3RRdi750y046x28bo_xg29zKY72Q@mail.gmail.com

src/test/isolation/expected/fk-snapshot-3.out

@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+Parsed test spec with 2 sessions
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s2ins s1del s2c s1c
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2ins: 
+  INSERT INTO child VALUES ('[1,2)', '[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)', '[1,2)');
+
+step s1del: DELETE FROM parent WHERE id = '[1,2)'; <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1del: <... completed>
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "parent" violates foreign key constraint "child_parent_id_valid_at_fkey" on table "child"
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1del s2ins s1c s2c
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1del: DELETE FROM parent WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+step s2ins: 
+  INSERT INTO child VALUES ('[1,2)', '[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)', '[1,2)');
+ <waiting ...>
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2ins: <... completed>
+ERROR:  could not serialize access due to concurrent update
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s2ins s1del s2c s1c
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2ins: 
+  INSERT INTO child VALUES ('[1,2)', '[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)', '[1,2)');
+
+step s1del: DELETE FROM parent WHERE id = '[1,2)'; <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1del: <... completed>
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "parent" violates foreign key constraint "child_parent_id_valid_at_fkey" on table "child"
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s1del s2ins s1c s2c
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s1del: DELETE FROM parent WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+step s2ins: 
+  INSERT INTO child VALUES ('[1,2)', '[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)', '[1,2)');
+ <waiting ...>
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2ins: <... completed>
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "child" violates foreign key constraint "child_parent_id_valid_at_fkey"
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1ser s2ser s2ins s1del s2c s1c
+step s1ser: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+step s2ser: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+step s2ins: 
+  INSERT INTO child VALUES ('[1,2)', '[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)', '[1,2)');
+
+step s1del: DELETE FROM parent WHERE id = '[1,2)'; <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1del: <... completed>
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "parent" violates foreign key constraint "child_parent_id_valid_at_fkey" on table "child"
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1ser s2ser s1del s2ins s1c s2c
+step s1ser: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+step s2ser: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+step s1del: DELETE FROM parent WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+step s2ins: 
+  INSERT INTO child VALUES ('[1,2)', '[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)', '[1,2)');
+ <waiting ...>
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2ins: <... completed>
+ERROR:  could not serialize access due to concurrent update
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s2ins s1upok s2c s1c
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2ins: 
+  INSERT INTO child VALUES ('[1,2)', '[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)', '[1,2)');
+
+step s1upok: UPDATE parent SET valid_at = '[2020-01-01,2026-01-01)' WHERE id = '[1,2)'; <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1upok: <... completed>
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s1upok s2ins s1c s2c
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s1upok: UPDATE parent SET valid_at = '[2020-01-01,2026-01-01)' WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+step s2ins: 
+  INSERT INTO child VALUES ('[1,2)', '[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)', '[1,2)');
+ <waiting ...>
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2ins: <... completed>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s2ins s1upok s2c s1c
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2ins: 
+  INSERT INTO child VALUES ('[1,2)', '[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)', '[1,2)');
+
+step s1upok: UPDATE parent SET valid_at = '[2020-01-01,2026-01-01)' WHERE id = '[1,2)'; <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1upok: <... completed>
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1upok s2ins s1c s2c
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1upok: UPDATE parent SET valid_at = '[2020-01-01,2026-01-01)' WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+step s2ins: 
+  INSERT INTO child VALUES ('[1,2)', '[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)', '[1,2)');
+ <waiting ...>
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2ins: <... completed>
+ERROR:  could not serialize access due to concurrent update
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1ser s2ser s2ins s1upok s2c s1c
+step s1ser: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+step s2ser: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+step s2ins: 
+  INSERT INTO child VALUES ('[1,2)', '[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)', '[1,2)');
+
+step s1upok: UPDATE parent SET valid_at = '[2020-01-01,2026-01-01)' WHERE id = '[1,2)'; <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1upok: <... completed>
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1ser s2ser s1upok s2ins s1c s2c
+step s1ser: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+step s2ser: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+step s1upok: UPDATE parent SET valid_at = '[2020-01-01,2026-01-01)' WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+step s2ins: 
+  INSERT INTO child VALUES ('[1,2)', '[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)', '[1,2)');
+ <waiting ...>
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2ins: <... completed>
+ERROR:  could not serialize access due to concurrent update
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s2ins s1upbad s2c s1c
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2ins: 
+  INSERT INTO child VALUES ('[1,2)', '[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)', '[1,2)');
+
+step s1upbad: UPDATE parent SET valid_at = '[2020-01-01,2024-01-01)' WHERE id = '[1,2)'; <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1upbad: <... completed>
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "parent" violates foreign key constraint "child_parent_id_valid_at_fkey" on table "child"
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s1upbad s2ins s1c s2c
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s1upbad: UPDATE parent SET valid_at = '[2020-01-01,2024-01-01)' WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+step s2ins: 
+  INSERT INTO child VALUES ('[1,2)', '[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)', '[1,2)');
+ <waiting ...>
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2ins: <... completed>
+ERROR:  insert or update on table "child" violates foreign key constraint "child_parent_id_valid_at_fkey"
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s2ins s1upbad s2c s1c
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2ins: 
+  INSERT INTO child VALUES ('[1,2)', '[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)', '[1,2)');
+
+step s1upbad: UPDATE parent SET valid_at = '[2020-01-01,2024-01-01)' WHERE id = '[1,2)'; <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1upbad: <... completed>
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "parent" violates foreign key constraint "child_parent_id_valid_at_fkey" on table "child"
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1upbad s2ins s1c s2c
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1upbad: UPDATE parent SET valid_at = '[2020-01-01,2024-01-01)' WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+step s2ins: 
+  INSERT INTO child VALUES ('[1,2)', '[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)', '[1,2)');
+ <waiting ...>
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2ins: <... completed>
+ERROR:  could not serialize access due to concurrent update
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1ser s2ser s2ins s1upbad s2c s1c
+step s1ser: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+step s2ser: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+step s2ins: 
+  INSERT INTO child VALUES ('[1,2)', '[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)', '[1,2)');
+
+step s1upbad: UPDATE parent SET valid_at = '[2020-01-01,2024-01-01)' WHERE id = '[1,2)'; <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1upbad: <... completed>
+ERROR:  update or delete on table "parent" violates foreign key constraint "child_parent_id_valid_at_fkey" on table "child"
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+
+starting permutation: s1ser s2ser s1upbad s2ins s1c s2c
+step s1ser: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+step s2ser: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+step s1upbad: UPDATE parent SET valid_at = '[2020-01-01,2024-01-01)' WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+step s2ins: 
+  INSERT INTO child VALUES ('[1,2)', '[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)', '[1,2)');
+ <waiting ...>
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2ins: <... completed>
+ERROR:  could not serialize access due to concurrent update
+step s2c: COMMIT;

src/test/isolation/isolation_schedule

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ test: fk-partitioned-1
 test: fk-partitioned-2
 test: fk-snapshot
 test: fk-snapshot-2
+test: fk-snapshot-3
 test: subxid-overflow
 test: eval-plan-qual
 test: eval-plan-qual-trigger

src/test/isolation/specs/fk-snapshot-3.spec

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+# RI Trigger test
+#
+# Test C-based temporal referential integrity enforcement.
+# Under REPEATABLE READ we need some snapshot trickery in C,
+# or we would permit things that violate referential integrity.
+
+setup
+{
+  CREATE TABLE parent (
+	id int4range NOT NULL,
+	valid_at daterange NOT NULL,
+	PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS));
+  CREATE TABLE child (
+	id int4range NOT NULL,
+	valid_at daterange NOT NULL,
+	parent_id int4range,
+	FOREIGN KEY (parent_id, PERIOD valid_at) REFERENCES parent);
+  INSERT INTO parent VALUES ('[1,2)', '[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)');
+}
+
+teardown { DROP TABLE parent, child; }
+
+session s1
+step s1rc	{ BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED; }
+step s1rr	{ BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ; }
+step s1ser	{ BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE; }
+step s1del	{ DELETE FROM parent WHERE id = '[1,2)'; }
+step s1upok	{ UPDATE parent SET valid_at = '[2020-01-01,2026-01-01)' WHERE id = '[1,2)'; }
+step s1upbad	{ UPDATE parent SET valid_at = '[2020-01-01,2024-01-01)' WHERE id = '[1,2)'; }
+step s1c	{ COMMIT; }
+
+session s2
+step s2rc	{ BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED; }
+step s2rr	{ BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ; }
+step s2ser	{ BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE; }
+step s2ins	{
+  INSERT INTO child VALUES ('[1,2)', '[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)', '[1,2)');
+}
+step s2c	{ COMMIT; }
+
+# Violates referential integrity unless we use an up-to-date crosscheck snapshot:
+permutation s1rr s2rr s2ins s1del s2c s1c
+
+# Raises a can't-serialize exception
+# when the INSERT trigger does SELECT FOR KEY SHARE:
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1del s2ins s1c s2c
+
+# Test the same scenarios in READ COMMITTED:
+# A crosscheck snapshot is not required here.
+permutation s1rc s2rc s2ins s1del s2c s1c
+permutation s1rc s2rc s1del s2ins s1c s2c
+
+# Test the same scenarios in SERIALIZABLE:
+# We should report the FK violation:
+permutation s1ser s2ser s2ins s1del s2c s1c
+# We raise a concurrent update error
+# which is good enough:
+permutation s1ser s2ser s1del s2ins s1c s2c
+
+# Also check updating the valid time (without violating RI):
+
+# ...with READ COMMITED:
+permutation s1rc s2rc s2ins s1upok s2c s1c
+permutation s1rc s2rc s1upok s2ins s1c s2c
+# ...with REPEATABLE READ:
+permutation s1rr s2rr s2ins s1upok s2c s1c
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1upok s2ins s1c s2c
+# ...with SERIALIZABLE:
+permutation s1ser s2ser s2ins s1upok s2c s1c
+permutation s1ser s2ser s1upok s2ins s1c s2c
+
+# Also check updating the valid time (while violating RI):
+
+# ...with READ COMMITED:
+permutation s1rc s2rc s2ins s1upbad s2c s1c
+permutation s1rc s2rc s1upbad s2ins s1c s2c
+# ...with REPEATABLE READ:
+permutation s1rr s2rr s2ins s1upbad s2c s1c
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1upbad s2ins s1c s2c
+# ...with SERIALIZABLE:
+permutation s1ser s2ser s2ins s1upbad s2c s1c
+permutation s1ser s2ser s1upbad s2ins s1c s2c