Make EXEC_BACKEND more convenient on Linux and FreeBSD.

Try to disable ASLR when building in EXEC_BACKEND mode, to avoid random
memory mapping failures while testing.  For developer use only, no
effect on regular builds.

Suggested-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de>
Tested-by: Bossart, Nathan <bossartn@amazon.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20210806032944.m4tz7j2w47mant26%40alap3.anarazel.de

configure

@@ -13603,7 +13603,7 @@ $as_echo "#define HAVE_STDBOOL_H 1" >>confdefs.h
 fi
 
 
-for ac_header in atomic.h copyfile.h execinfo.h getopt.h ifaddrs.h langinfo.h mbarrier.h poll.h sys/epoll.h sys/event.h sys/ipc.h sys/prctl.h sys/procctl.h sys/pstat.h sys/resource.h sys/select.h sys/sem.h sys/shm.h sys/sockio.h sys/tas.h sys/uio.h sys/un.h termios.h ucred.h wctype.h
+for ac_header in atomic.h copyfile.h execinfo.h getopt.h ifaddrs.h langinfo.h mbarrier.h poll.h sys/epoll.h sys/event.h sys/ipc.h sys/personality.h sys/prctl.h sys/procctl.h sys/pstat.h sys/resource.h sys/select.h sys/sem.h sys/shm.h sys/sockio.h sys/tas.h sys/uio.h sys/un.h termios.h ucred.h wctype.h
 do :
   as_ac_Header=`$as_echo "ac_cv_header_$ac_header" | $as_tr_sh`
 ac_fn_c_check_header_mongrel "$LINENO" "$ac_header" "$as_ac_Header" "$ac_includes_default"

configure.ac

@@ -1404,6 +1404,7 @@ AC_CHECK_HEADERS(m4_normalize([
 	sys/epoll.h
 	sys/event.h
 	sys/ipc.h
+	sys/personality.h
 	sys/prctl.h
 	sys/procctl.h
 	sys/pstat.h

src/bin/pg_ctl/pg_ctl.c

@@ -451,6 +451,10 @@ start_postmaster(void)
 	fflush(stdout);
 	fflush(stderr);
 
+#ifdef EXEC_BACKEND
+	pg_disable_aslr();
+#endif
+
 	pm_pid = fork();
 	if (pm_pid < 0)
 	{

src/common/exec.c

@@ -25,6 +25,14 @@
 #include <sys/wait.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#ifdef EXEC_BACKEND
+#if defined(HAVE_SYS_PERSONALITY_H)
+#include <sys/personality.h>
+#elif defined(HAVE_SYS_PROCCTL_H)
+#include <sys/procctl.h>
+#endif
+#endif
+
 /*
  * Hacky solution to allow expressing both frontend and backend error reports
  * in one macro call.  First argument of log_error is an errcode() call of
@@ -470,6 +478,31 @@ set_pglocale_pgservice(const char *argv0, const char *app)
 	}
 }
 
+#ifdef EXEC_BACKEND
+/*
+ * For the benefit of PostgreSQL developers testing EXEC_BACKEND on Unix
+ * systems (code paths normally exercised only on Windows), provide a way to
+ * disable address space layout randomization, if we know how on this platform.
+ * Otherwise, backends may fail to attach to shared memory at the fixed address
+ * chosen by the postmaster.  (See also the macOS-specific hack in
+ * sysv_shmem.c.)
+ */
+int
+pg_disable_aslr(void)
+{
+#if defined(HAVE_SYS_PERSONALITY_H)
+	return personality(ADDR_NO_RANDOMIZE);
+#elif defined(HAVE_SYS_PROCCTL_H) && defined(PROC_ASLR_FORCE_DISABLE)
+	int			data = PROC_ASLR_FORCE_DISABLE;
+
+	return procctl(P_PID, 0, PROC_ASLR_CTL, &data);
+#else
+	errno = ENOSYS;
+	return -1;
+#endif
+}
+#endif
+
 #ifdef WIN32
 
 /*

src/include/pg_config.h.in

@@ -614,6 +614,9 @@
 /* Define to 1 if you have the <sys/ipc.h> header file. */
 #undef HAVE_SYS_IPC_H
 
+/* Define to 1 if you have the <sys/personality.h> header file. */
+#undef HAVE_SYS_PERSONALITY_H
+
 /* Define to 1 if you have the <sys/prctl.h> header file. */
 #undef HAVE_SYS_PRCTL_H
 

src/include/port.h

@@ -140,6 +140,11 @@ extern char *pipe_read_line(char *cmd, char *line, int maxsize);
 /* Doesn't belong here, but this is used with find_other_exec(), so... */
 #define PG_BACKEND_VERSIONSTR "postgres (PostgreSQL) " PG_VERSION "\n"
 
+#ifdef EXEC_BACKEND
+/* Disable ASLR before exec, for developer builds only (in exec.c) */
+extern int pg_disable_aslr(void);
+#endif
+
 
 #if defined(WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
 #define EXE ".exe"

src/test/regress/pg_regress.c

@@ -1104,6 +1104,10 @@ spawn_process(const char *cmdline)
 	if (logfile)
 		fflush(logfile);
 
+#ifdef EXEC_BACKEND
+	pg_disable_aslr();
+#endif
+
 	pid = fork();
 	if (pid == -1)
 	{

src/tools/msvc/Solution.pm

@@ -397,6 +397,7 @@ sub GenerateFiles
 		HAVE_SYS_EPOLL_H                         => undef,
 		HAVE_SYS_EVENT_H                         => undef,
 		HAVE_SYS_IPC_H                           => undef,
+		HAVE_SYS_PERSONALITY_H                   => undef,
 		HAVE_SYS_PRCTL_H                         => undef,
 		HAVE_SYS_PROCCTL_H                       => undef,
 		HAVE_SYS_PSTAT_H                         => undef,