Check return values of sensitive system library calls.

PostgreSQL already checked the vast majority of these, missing this
handful that nearly cannot fail.  If putenv() failed with ENOMEM in
pg_GSS_recvauth(), authentication would proceed with the wrong keytab
file.  If strftime() returned zero in cache_locale_time(), using the
unspecified buffer contents could lead to information exposure or a
crash.  Back-patch to 9.0 (all supported versions).

Other unchecked calls to these functions, especially those in frontend
code, pose negligible security concern.  This patch does not address
them.  Nonetheless, it is always better to check return values whose
specification provides for indicating an error.

In passing, fix an off-by-one error in strftime_win32()'s invocation of
WideCharToMultiByte().  Upon retrieving a value of exactly MAX_L10N_DATA
bytes, strftime_win32() would overrun the caller's buffer by one byte.
MAX_L10N_DATA is chosen to exceed the length of every possible value, so
the vulnerable scenario probably does not arise.

Security: CVE-2015-3166

src/backend/libpq/auth.c

@@ -811,15 +811,16 @@ pg_GSS_recvauth(Port *port)
 			size_t		kt_len = strlen(pg_krb_server_keyfile) + 14;
 			char	   *kt_path = malloc(kt_len);
 
-			if (!kt_path)
+			if (!kt_path ||
+				snprintf(kt_path, kt_len, "KRB5_KTNAME=%s",
+						 pg_krb_server_keyfile) != kt_len - 2 ||
+				putenv(kt_path) != 0)
 			{
 				ereport(LOG,
 						(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
 						 errmsg("out of memory")));
 				return STATUS_ERROR;
 			}
-			snprintf(kt_path, kt_len, "KRB5_KTNAME=%s", pg_krb_server_keyfile);
-			putenv(kt_path);
 		}
 	}
 

src/backend/utils/adt/pg_locale.c

@@ -575,22 +575,32 @@ PGLC_localeconv(void)
  * pg_strftime(), which isn't locale-aware and does not need to be replaced.
  */
 static size_t
-strftime_win32(char *dst, size_t dstlen, const wchar_t *format, const struct tm * tm)
+strftime_win32(char *dst, size_t dstlen,
+			   const char *format, const struct tm * tm)
 {
 	size_t		len;
+	wchar_t		wformat[8];		/* formats used below need 3 bytes */
 	wchar_t		wbuf[MAX_L10N_DATA];
 
-	len = wcsftime(wbuf, MAX_L10N_DATA, format, tm);
+	/* get a wchar_t version of the format string */
+	len = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, format, -1,
+							  wformat, lengthof(wformat));
+	if (len == 0)
+		elog(ERROR, "could not convert format string from UTF-8: error code %lu",
+			 GetLastError());
+
+	len = wcsftime(wbuf, MAX_L10N_DATA, wformat, tm);
 	if (len == 0)
 	{
 		/*
-		 * strftime call failed - return 0 with the contents of dst
+		 * strftime failed, possibly because the result would not fit in
-		 * unspecified
+		 * MAX_L10N_DATA.  Return 0 with the contents of dst unspecified.
 		 */
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	len = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wbuf, len, dst, dstlen, NULL, NULL);
+	len = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wbuf, len, dst, dstlen - 1,
+							  NULL, NULL);
 	if (len == 0)
 		elog(ERROR, "could not convert string to UTF-8: error code %lu",
 			 GetLastError());
@@ -612,9 +622,33 @@ strftime_win32(char *dst, size_t dstlen, const wchar_t *format, const struct tm
 }
 
 /* redefine strftime() */
-#define strftime(a,b,c,d) strftime_win32(a,b,L##c,d)
+#define strftime(a,b,c,d) strftime_win32(a,b,c,d)
 #endif   /* WIN32 */
 
+/* Subroutine for cache_locale_time(). */
+static void
+cache_single_time(char **dst, const char *format, const struct tm * tm)
+{
+	char		buf[MAX_L10N_DATA];
+	char	   *ptr;
+
+	/*
+	 * MAX_L10N_DATA is sufficient buffer space for every known locale, and
+	 * POSIX defines no strftime() errors.  (Buffer space exhaustion is not an
+	 * error.)  An implementation might report errors (e.g. ENOMEM) by
+	 * returning 0 (or, less plausibly, a negative value) and setting errno.
+	 * Report errno just in case the implementation did that, but clear it in
+	 * advance of the call so we don't emit a stale, unrelated errno.
+	 */
+	errno = 0;
+	if (strftime(buf, MAX_L10N_DATA, format, tm) <= 0)
+		elog(ERROR, "strftime(%s) failed: %m", format);
+
+	ptr = MemoryContextStrdup(TopMemoryContext, buf);
+	if (*dst)
+		pfree(*dst);
+	*dst = ptr;
+}
 
 /*
  * Update the lc_time localization cache variables if needed.
@@ -625,8 +659,6 @@ cache_locale_time(void)
 	char	   *save_lc_time;
 	time_t		timenow;
 	struct tm  *timeinfo;
-	char		buf[MAX_L10N_DATA];
-	char	   *ptr;
 	int			i;
 
 #ifdef WIN32
@@ -673,17 +705,8 @@ cache_locale_time(void)
 	for (i = 0; i < 7; i++)
 	{
 		timeinfo->tm_wday = i;
-		strftime(buf, MAX_L10N_DATA, "%a", timeinfo);
+		cache_single_time(&localized_abbrev_days[i], "%a", timeinfo);
-		ptr = MemoryContextStrdup(TopMemoryContext, buf);
+		cache_single_time(&localized_full_days[i], "%A", timeinfo);
-		if (localized_abbrev_days[i])
-			pfree(localized_abbrev_days[i]);
-		localized_abbrev_days[i] = ptr;
-
-		strftime(buf, MAX_L10N_DATA, "%A", timeinfo);
-		ptr = MemoryContextStrdup(TopMemoryContext, buf);
-		if (localized_full_days[i])
-			pfree(localized_full_days[i]);
-		localized_full_days[i] = ptr;
 	}
 
 	/* localized months */
@@ -691,17 +714,8 @@ cache_locale_time(void)
 	{
 		timeinfo->tm_mon = i;
 		timeinfo->tm_mday = 1;	/* make sure we don't have invalid date */
-		strftime(buf, MAX_L10N_DATA, "%b", timeinfo);
+		cache_single_time(&localized_abbrev_months[i], "%b", timeinfo);
-		ptr = MemoryContextStrdup(TopMemoryContext, buf);
+		cache_single_time(&localized_full_months[i], "%B", timeinfo);
-		if (localized_abbrev_months[i])
-			pfree(localized_abbrev_months[i]);
-		localized_abbrev_months[i] = ptr;
-
-		strftime(buf, MAX_L10N_DATA, "%B", timeinfo);
-		ptr = MemoryContextStrdup(TopMemoryContext, buf);
-		if (localized_full_months[i])
-			pfree(localized_full_months[i]);
-		localized_full_months[i] = ptr;
 	}
 
 	/* try to restore internal settings */