Don't unnecessarily block notifying of new events.

When persisting events we calculate new stream orderings up front.
Before we notify about an event all events with lower stream orderings
must have finished being persisted.

This PR moves the assignment of stream ordering till *after* calculated
the new current state and split the batch of events into separate chunks
for persistence. This means that if it takes a long time to calculate
new current state then it will not block events in other rooms being
notified about.

This should help reduce some global pauses in the events stream which
can last for tens of seconds (if not longer), caused by some
particularly expensive state resolutions.

synapse/storage/events.py

@@ -364,19 +364,6 @@ class EventsStore(
         if not events_and_contexts:
             return
 
-        if backfilled:
-            stream_ordering_manager = self._backfill_id_gen.get_next_mult(
-                len(events_and_contexts)
-            )
-        else:
-            stream_ordering_manager = self._stream_id_gen.get_next_mult(
-                len(events_and_contexts)
-            )
-
-        with stream_ordering_manager as stream_orderings:
-            for (event, context), stream in zip(events_and_contexts, stream_orderings):
-                event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering = stream
-
         chunks = [
             events_and_contexts[x : x + 100]
             for x in range(0, len(events_and_contexts), 100)
@@ -506,6 +493,33 @@ class EventsStore(
                         if current_state is not None:
                             current_state_for_room[room_id] = current_state
 
+            # We want to calculate the stream orderings as late as possible, as
+            # we only notify after all events with a lesser stream ordering have
+            # been persisted. I.e. if we spend 10s inside the with block then
+            # that will delay all subsequent events from being notified about.
+            # Hence why we do it down here rather than wrapping the entire
+            # function.
+            #
+            # Its safe to do this after calculating the state deltas etc as we
+            # only need to protect the *persistence* of the events. This is to
+            # ensure that queries of the form "fetch events since X" don't
+            # return events and stream positions after events that are still in
+            # flight, as otherwise subsequent requests "fetch event since Y"
+            # will not return those events.
+            #
+            # Note: Multiple instances of this function cannot be in flight at
+            # the same time for the same room.
+            if backfilled:
+                stream_ordering_manager = self._backfill_id_gen.get_next_mult(
+                    len(chunk)
+                )
+            else:
+                stream_ordering_manager = self._stream_id_gen.get_next_mult(len(chunk))
+
+            with stream_ordering_manager as stream_orderings:
+                for (event, context), stream in zip(chunk, stream_orderings):
+                    event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering = stream
+
                 yield self.runInteraction(
                     "persist_events",
                     self._persist_events_txn,