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102 lines
4.2 KiB
# Delegation of incoming federation traffic
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In the following documentation, we use the term `server_name` to refer to that setting
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in your homeserver configuration file. It appears at the ends of user ids, and tells
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other homeservers where they can find your server.
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By default, other homeservers will expect to be able to reach yours via
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your `server_name`, on port 8448. For example, if you set your `server_name`
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to `example.com` (so that your user names look like `@user:example.com`),
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other servers will try to connect to yours at `https://example.com:8448/`.
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Delegation is a Matrix feature allowing a homeserver admin to retain a
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`server_name` of `example.com` so that user IDs, room aliases, etc continue
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to look like `*:example.com`, whilst having federation traffic routed
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to a different server and/or port (e.g. `synapse.example.com:443`).
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## .well-known delegation
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To use this method, you need to be able to configure the server at
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`https://<server_name>` to serve a file at
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`https://<server_name>/.well-known/matrix/server`. There are two ways to do this, shown below.
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Note that the `.well-known` file is hosted on the default port for `https` (port 443).
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### External server
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For maximum flexibility, you need to configure an external server such as nginx, Apache
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or HAProxy to serve the `https://<server_name>/.well-known/matrix/server` file. Setting
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up such a server is out of the scope of this documentation, but note that it is often
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possible to configure your [reverse proxy](reverse_proxy.md) for this.
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The URL `https://<server_name>/.well-known/matrix/server` should be configured
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return a JSON structure containing the key `m.server` like this:
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```json
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{
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"m.server": "<synapse.server.name>[:<yourport>]"
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}
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```
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In our example (where we want federation traffic to be routed to
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`https://synapse.example.com`, on port 443), this would mean that
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`https://example.com/.well-known/matrix/server` should return:
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```json
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{
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"m.server": "synapse.example.com:443"
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}
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```
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Note, specifying a port is optional. If no port is specified, then it defaults
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to 8448.
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### Serving a `.well-known/matrix/server` file with Synapse
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If you are able to set up your domain so that `https://<server_name>` is routed to
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Synapse (i.e., the only change needed is to direct federation traffic to port 443
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instead of port 8448), then it is possible to configure Synapse to serve a suitable
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`.well-known/matrix/server` file. To do so, add the following to your `homeserver.yaml`
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file:
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```yaml
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serve_server_wellknown: true
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```
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**Note**: this *only* works if `https://<server_name>` is routed to Synapse, so is
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generally not suitable if Synapse is hosted at a subdomain such as
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`https://synapse.example.com`.
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## SRV DNS record delegation
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It is also possible to do delegation using a SRV DNS record. However, that is generally
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not recommended, as it can be difficult to configure the TLS certificates correctly in
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this case, and it offers little advantage over `.well-known` delegation.
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However, if you really need it, you can find some documentation on what such a
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record should look like and how Synapse will use it in [the Matrix
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specification](https://matrix.org/docs/spec/server_server/latest#resolving-server-names).
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## Delegation FAQ
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### When do I need delegation?
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If your homeserver's APIs are accessible on the default federation port (8448)
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and the domain your `server_name` points to, you do not need any delegation.
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For instance, if you registered `example.com` and pointed its DNS A record at a
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fresh server, you could install Synapse on that host, giving it a `server_name`
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of `example.com`, and once a reverse proxy has been set up to proxy all requests
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sent to the port `8448` and serve TLS certificates for `example.com`, you
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wouldn't need any delegation set up.
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**However**, if your homeserver's APIs aren't accessible on port 8448 and on the
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domain `server_name` points to, you will need to let other servers know how to
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find it using delegation.
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### Should I use a reverse proxy for federation traffic?
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Generally, using a reverse proxy for both the federation and client traffic is a good
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idea, since it saves handling TLS traffic in Synapse. See
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[the reverse proxy documentation](reverse_proxy.md) for information on setting up a
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reverse proxy.
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